Tatiana Petrovna Nikolaeva |

Tatiana Nikolayeva

Tatyana Nikolaeva mumiriri wechikoro cheAB Goldenweiser. Chikoro chakapa Soviet art mazita akawanda anoyevedza. Hazvingave kuwedzeredza kutaura kuti Nikolaeva mumwe wevadzidzi vakanakisa veakanakisa mudzidzisi weSoviet. Uye - zvisingashamisi - mumwe wevamiriri vake vane hunhu, Goldenweiser direction mukuita kwemimhanzi: hapana chero munhu nhasi anomiririra tsika yake zvakanyanya sezvaanoita. Zvimwe zvichataurwa pamusoro peizvi mune ramangwana.

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Tatyana Petrovna Nikolaeva akaberekwa mutaundi Bezhitsa, Bryansk mudunhu. Baba vake vaiva pharmacist nebasa uye muimbi nebasa. Aine murairo wakanaka weviolin uye cello, akaungana kwaari zvakafanana iye pachake, vanoda mimhanzi uye vanoda unyanzvi: makonzati e-impromptu, misangano yemimhanzi uye manheru aigara achiitwa mumba. Kusiyana nababa vake, mai Tatiana Nikolaeva vaiita mumhanzi chaizvo nyanzvi. Muhuduku hwake, akapedza kudzidza kubva kudhipatimendi repiyano yeMoscow Conservatory uye, achibatanidza kuguma kwake neBezhitse, akawana pano nzvimbo yakakura yezviitiko zvetsika nedzidzo - akasika chikoro chemimhanzi uye akarera vadzidzi vakawanda. Sezvinowanzoitika mumhuri dzevadzidzisi, aive nenguva shoma yekudzidza nemwanasikana wake, kunyangwe, hongu, akamudzidzisa zvekutanga zvekuridza piyano pazvaidiwa. “Hapana akandisundidzira ku piyano, haana kundimanikidza kunyanya kushanda,” anoyeuka kudaro Nikolaeva. Ndinoyeuka, pandakanga ndakura, ndaiwanzoimba pamberi pevazivikanwi nevaenzi avo imba yedu yakanga yakazara navo. Kunyange panguva iyoyo, muhuduku, zvainetseka uye zvaiunza mufaro mukuru.

Paaiva nemakore 13, amai vake vakauya naye kuMoscow. Tanya akapinda muCentral Music School, achitsungirira, zvichida, imwe yematambudziko akaoma uye ane mutoro muupenyu hwake. (“Vanhu vanenge mazana matanhatu vakakumbira mabasa makumi maviri neshanu,” anoyeuka kudaro Nikolaeva. “Kunyange panguva iyoyo, Central Music School yakanga ine mukurumbira mukuru nechiremera.”) AB Goldenweiser akava mudzidzisi wake; pane imwe nguva akadzidzisa mai vake. “Ndakapedza mazuva ose ndisingaonekwi mukirasi yake,” anodaro Nikolaeva, “kuno kwainakidza zvikuru. Vaimbi vakadai sa AF Gedike, DF Oistrakh, SN Knushevitsky, SE Feinberg, ED Krutikova aimboshanyira Alexander Borisovich pazvidzidzo zvake ... Mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo akatikomberedza, vadzidzi vatenzi mukuru, neimwe nzira yakasimudzwa, yakasimudzirwa, yakamanikidzwa kushanda, kwaari, kuita unyanzvi hwose. Kwandiri, aya akanga ari makore ebudiriro inochinjika uye inokurumidza.”

Nikolaeva, kufanana nevamwe vadzidzi Goldenweiser, dzimwe nguva anokumbirwa kutaura, uye zvakadzama, pamusoro mudzidzisi wake. “Chokutanga ndinomurangarira nekuda kwemaitiro ake akanaka kwatiri tose, vadzidzi vake. Haana kusarudza chero munhu kunyanya, aibata munhu wese nekutarisa kwakafanana uye basa rekudzidzisa. Semudzidzisi, aisanyanya kufarira "dzidziso" - haana kumbobvira aita zvekupopota. Aiwanzotaura zvishoma, achisarudza mashoko zvishoma, asi nguva dzose nezvechimwe chinhu chinokosha uye chinokosha. Dzimwe nguva, aidonhedza tsinhiro mbiri kana nhatu, uye mudzidzi, munoona, otanga kutamba neimwe nzira ... Aleksandr Borisovich akabatanidza kukosha kukuru kumitambo yemakonti yevechidiki vaduku. Uye zvino, hongu, vechidiki vanotamba zvakanyanya, asi - tarisa kukwikwidza kusarudzwa uye maauditions - vanowanzo tamba zvakafanana ... kazhinji uye zvakasiyana"Ndiyo pfungwa yese."

1941 akaparadzanisa Nikolaeva kubva Moscow, hama, Goldenweiser. Akazopedzisira ava muSaratov, apo panguva iyoyo chikamu chevadzidzi uye fakaroti yeMoscow Conservatory vakadzingwa. Mukirasi yepiyano, anorayirwa kwenguva pfupi nemukurumbira weMoscow mudzidzisi IR Klyachko. Iye zvakare ane mumwe chipangamazano - ane mukurumbira Soviet muimbi BN Lyatoshinsky. Chokwadi ndechokuti kwenguva refu, kubvira pauduku, akakwezvwa nokunyora nziyo. (Kare muna 1937, paakapinda muCentral Music School, akaridza maopu ake pachake pabvunzo dzekubvuma, izvo, zvichida, zvakakurudzira komisheni kusvika pamwero wakati kuti ipe zvaanoda kupfuura vamwe.) Mumakore apfuura, kuumbwa kwakava kudiwa kwekukurumidzira. kwaari, wechipiri, uye dzimwe nguva uye wekutanga, unyanzvi hwemimhanzi. "Zvakaoma chaizvo kuzvipatsanura pakati pekugadzira uye konzati yenguva dzose uye maitiro ekuita," anodaro Nikolaeva. “Ndinorangarira hudiki hwangu, rakanga riri basa rinoramba riripo, basa nebasa ... Asi mubatanidzwa uyu wezviitwa zviviri wakandipa zvakawanda sei! Ndine chokwadi chokuti ndine chikwereti chemigumisiro yangu mukushanda kusvika pamwero mukuru kwaari. Paunenge uchinyora, unotanga kunzwisisa zvinhu zvakadaro mubhizinesi redu zvekuti munhu asinganyore zvimwe haana kupihwa kuti anzwisise. Iye zvino, maererano nemamiriro angu ezvinhu, ndinofanira kugara ndichitarisana nevechidiki vanoita zvemitambo. Uye, iwe unoziva, dzimwe nguva mushure mekuteerera kumuimbi wenyanzvi, ndinogona kunyatsoona - nekureva kwekududzira kwake - kuti ane chekuita here mukuumba mimhanzi kana kwete.

Muna 1943, Nikolaeva akadzokera kuMoscow. Misangano yake yenguva dzose uye kusangana kwekugadzira neGoldenweiser inovandudzwa. Uye makore mashoma gare gare, muna 1947, akakunda akapedza kudzidza piyano faculty yeConservatory. Nekukunda kusina kuuya sechishamiso kune vanhu vanoziva - panguva iyoyo akange atozvisimbisa mune imwe yenzvimbo dzekutanga pakati pevadiki vepiyano yemuguta. Chirongwa chake chekupedza kudzidza chakakwezva kutarisa: pamwe nemabasa aSchubert (Sonata muB-flat major), Liszt (Mephisto-Waltz), Rachmaninov (Second Sonata), pamwe naTatiana Nikolaeva pachake Polyphonic Triad, chirongwa ichi chaisanganisira mavhoriyamu maviri eBach's. Zvakanaka-Hasha Clavier (48 preludes uye fugues). Kune vashoma vatambi vemakonzati, kunyangwe pakati pepasi rose vepianostic elite, vangave neiyo grandiose Bach kutenderera mune yavo repertoire; apa akakumbirwa kukomisheni yehurumende nedebutante yechiitiko chepiyano, achingogadzirira kusiya bhenji revadzidzi. Uye yakanga isiri chete chiyeuchidzo chakaisvonaka chaNikolaeva - akanga akakurumbira kwaari mumakore ake maduku, iye anozivikanwa zvino; uye kwete chete mubasa guru rakaitwa naye kuti agadzirire chirongwa chinofadza kudaro. Nhungamiro pachayo yaida kuremekedzwa repertory zvido mutambi wepiyano wechidiki - maitiro ake eunyanzvi, zvaanoda, zvaanoda. Iye zvino Nikolaeva anozivikanwa nevakawanda kune vese nyanzvi uye vazhinji vanoda mimhanzi, iye-Anopisa Clavier pabvunzo yake yekupedzisira inoita sechinhu chakasarudzika - pakati pemakumi mana izvi zvaingoshamisa nekunakidzwa. "Ndinoyeuka kuti Samuil Evgenievich Feinberg akagadzira "matikiti" ane mazita ezvinyorwa zvose zveBach uye fugues," anodaro Nikolaeva, "uye bvunzo isati yasvika ndakanzi ndidhirowe imwe yacho. Pairatidzwa ipapo kuti ndaifanira kutamba nemujenya. Chokwadi, komisheni haina kukwanisa kuteerera chirongwa changu chese chekupedza kudzidza - zvingadai zvakatora zuva rinopfuura rimwe ... "

Makore matatu gare gare (1950) Nikolaeva zvakare akapedza kudzidza kubva kumunyori wedhipatimendi reConservatory. Mushure meBN Lyatoshinsky, V. Ya. Shebalin akanga ari mudzidzisi wake mukirasi yekunyora; akapedza zvidzidzo zvake naEK Golubev. Nokuda kwekubudirira kunowanikwa mubasa remimhanzi, zita rake rinopinda pa marble Board of Honor yeMoscow Conservatory.

… Muchokwadi, akaedza ruoko rwake kuhondo dzemakwikwi kare. Kare muna 1950, akatora chikamu mumakwikwi ekuita kwakanakisisa kwemimhanzi yaScriabin - yakaitirwa muMoscow pakutanga kweMoscow Philharmonic - uye akahwina mubairo wekutanga. “Ndinoyeuka, dare revatongi raisanganisira vairidza piyano veSoviet vakatanhamara zvikuru vemakore iwayo,” Nikolaev anotaura nezvekare, “uye pakati pavo pane chidhori changu, Vladimir Vladimirovich Sofronitsky. Zvechokwadi, ndakanga ndichinetseka zvikuru, kunyanya sezvo ndaifanira kutamba korona ye "yake" repertoire - etudes (Op. 1945), Scriabin's Fourth Sonata. Kubudirira mumakwikwi aya kwakandipa chivimbo mandiri, musimba rangu. Paunotora matanho ako ekutanga mumunda wekuita, zvakakosha. "

Muna 1947, akakwikwidza zvakare pamakwikwi epiyano akaitwa sechikamu cheFirst Democratic Youth Festival muPrague; uyu ari pachinzvimbo chechipiri. Asi Leipzig yakazonyatsova mukwikwidzi wekubudirira kwemakwikwi aNikolaeva: yakakwezva kutarisisa kweruzhinji rwenharaunda yemimhanzi - kwete Soviet chete, asiwo yekune dzimwe nyika, kune wechidiki muimbi, akamuzarurira mikova yenyika yekutamba kukuru kwekonti. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti Leipzig makwikwi muna 1950 yaive panguva yayo chiitiko chehunyanzvi chepamusoro. Yakarongwa kurangarira makore mazana maviri erufu rwaBach, yaive makwikwi ekutanga erudzi rwayo; gare gare vakava tsika. Chimwe chinhu zvakare chakakosha. Yakanga iri imwe yemaforamu ekutanga epasirese evaimbi mushure mehondo yeEurope uye ruzha rwayo muGDR, pamwe nekune dzimwe nyika, rwakanga rwakanyanya. Nikolaev, akatumirwa kuLeipzig kubva kuhudiki hwepiyano yeUSSR, aive achiri mudiki. Pakazosvika nguva iyoyo, repertoire yake yaisanganisira huwandu hwakanaka hwemabasa aBach; akagonawo nzira inogutsa yekudzidudzira: Kukunda kwemupiyano kwaibvumirana uye kusingarambiki (sezvo wechidiki Igor Bezrodny aive mukwiriri asingapokane wevaridzi veviolin panguva iyoyo); pepanhau reGermany remimhanzi rakamurumbidza se "mambokadzi wefugues".

"Asi kwandiri," Nikolaeva anoenderera mberi nenyaya yehupenyu hwake, "gore rechimakumi mashanu raive rakakosha kwete chete mukukunda muLeipzig. Zvino chimwe chiitiko chakaitika, kukosha kwaro kwandiri ini handigoni kufungidzira - kuzivana kwangu naDmitri Dmitrievich Shostakovich. Pamwe chete naPA Serebryakov, Shostakovich aiva nhengo yejury yeBach Competition. Ndakaita rombo rakanaka rekusangana naye, kumuona padhuze, uye kunyangwe - pakanga paine nyaya yakadai - kutora chikamu naye naSerebryakov mukuridza pachena kwekonzati yaBach katatu muD minor. Runako rwaDmitry Dmitrievich, kuzvininipisa kunoshamisa uye hukuru hwemweya weiyi muimbi mukuru, handifi ndakakanganwa.

Ndichitarisa mberi, ndinofanira kutaura kuti kuzivana kwaNikolaeva naShostakovich hakuna kupera. Misangano yavo yakapfuurira muMoscow. Pakukoka kwaDmitry Dmitrievich Nikolaev, akamushanyira kanopfuura kamwe; ndiye akatanga kutamba zvakawanda zve preludes uye fugues (Op. 87) iyo yaakasika panguva iyoyo: vaivimba nemafungiro ake, vakabvunzana naye. (Nikolaeva anogutsikana, nenzira, kuti iyo yakakurumbira kutenderera "24 Preludes uye Fugues" yakanyorwa naShostakovich pasi pekufungidzira kwakananga kwemhemberero dzeBach muLeipzig uye, zvechokwadi, Well-Tempered Clavier, iyo yakaitwa kakawanda ipapo) . Mushure meizvozvo, akave anoshingairira propagandist yemumhanzi uyu - aive wekutanga kuridza kutenderera kwese, akainyora pamarekodhi egiramufoni.

Chii chaiva chiso cheunyanzvi chaNikolaeva mumakore iwayo? Vanhu vaimuona pamavambo ebasa rake redariro vaiva nemafungiro api? Kutsoropodza kunobvumirana nezvaNikolaeva se "muimbi wekutanga, muturikiri anofunga" (GM Kogan) (Kogan G. Mibvunzo yepiyano. S. 440.). Iye, maererano naYa. I. Milshtein, "inoisa kukosha kukuru pakugadzirwa kwehurongwa hwekuita hwakajeka, kutsvaga chikuru, kutsanangura pfungwa yekuita ... Uhwu hunyanzvi hwakangwara," anopfupisa Ya. I. Milshtein, “… ane chinangwa uye ane revo zvakadzama” (Milshtein Ya. I. Tatyana Nikolaeva // Sov. Music. 1950. No. 12. P. 76.). Nyanzvi dzinocherechedza chikoro chakasimba chechikoro cheNikolaeva, kuverenga kwake kwakarurama uye kwakarurama kwezvinyorwa zvemunyori; taura zvakanaka nezve pfungwa yake yekuzvarwa yechiyero, kunenge kusingakanganise kuravira. Vazhinji vanoona mune zvese izvi ruoko rwemudzidzisi wake, AB Goldenweiser, uye vanonzwa simba rake rekudzidzisa.

Panguva imwecheteyo, kutsoropodza kwakakomba dzimwe nguva kwaitaurirwa kumuimbi wepiyano. Uye hazvishamisi: mufananidzo wake weunyanzvi wakanga uchingotora chimiro, uye panguva yakadai zvinhu zvose zviri kuonekwa - pluses uye minuses, zvakanakira uye zvisingabatsiri, simba retarenda uye zvishoma zvishoma. Isu tinofanirwa kunzwa kuti muimbi wechidiki dzimwe nguva anoshaya zvemukati zvemweya, nhetembo, manzwiro epamusoro, kunyanya mune yerudo repertoire. "Ndinoyeuka Nikolaeva zvakanaka pakutanga kwerwendo rwake," GM Kogan akazonyora, "... pakanga pasina kufadza uye kunakidza mukuridza kwake kupfuura tsika" (Kogan G. Mibvunzo yepiyano. P. 440.). Zvichemo zvinoitwawo maererano naNikolaeva's timbre palette; ruzha rwomuimbi, vamwe vaimbi vanodavira kudaro, harina muto, kupenya, ushamwari, uye zvakasiyana-siyana.

Tinofanira kubhadhara mutero kuna Nikolaeva: haana kumbove weavo vanopeta maoko avo - ingave mukubudirira, mukukundikana ... kuratidzwa pachena. "Kana kare kuNikolaeva kutanga kunonzwisisika kuri pachena kukunda pamusoro pemanzwiro, kudzika uye hupfumi - pamusoro pehunyanzvi uye nekuzvimiririra, - anonyora V. Yu. Delson muna 1961, - zvino izvozvi zvikamu zvisingapatsanuriki zvehunyanzvi hwekuita kuwirirana imwe neimwe" (Delson V. Tatyana Nikolaeva // Soviet Music. 1961. Nhamba 7. P. 88.). "… Nikolaeva wemazuva ano haana kufanana neaimbova," GM Kogan akadaro muna 1964. "Akakwanisa, pasina kurasikirwa nezvaaiva nazvo, kuwana zvaaishaya. Nikolaeva wanhasi munhu akasimba, anoyemurika anoita munhu, mukuita kwake tsika dzepamusoro uye hunyanzvi hwekuita zvinosanganiswa nerusununguko uye hunyanzvi hwekutaura kwehunyanzvi. (Kogan G. Mibvunzo yepiyano. S. 440-441.).

Kupa zvakanyanya makonti mushure mekubudirira pamakwikwi, Nikolaeva panguva imwechete haasiye chido chake chekare chekuumbwa. Kuwana nguva yayo sezvo basa rekushanya rinowedzera, zvisinei, rinowedzera kuoma. Uye zvakadaro anoedza kusatsauka kubva pakutonga kwake: munguva yechando - makonti, muzhizha - chinyorwa. Muna 1951, yake First Piano Concerto yakabudiswa. Munenge panguva imwe chete, Nikolaeva akanyora sonata (1949), "Polyphonic Triad" (1949), Kusiyana muKurangarira N. Ya. Myaskovsky (1951), 24 konzati zvidzidzo (1953), mune imwe nguva gare gare - Second Piano Concerto (1968). Zvese izvi zvakatsaurirwa kune chaanofarira chiridzwa - piyano. Anowanzo sanganisira nziyo dzakadudzwa pamusoro muzvirongwa zveclavirabends yake, kunyangwe achiti "ichi ndicho chinhu chakanyanya kuoma kuita nezvinhu zvako ...".

Rondedzero yemabasa akanyorwa naye mune mamwe, "asiri piyano" mhando anotaridzika chaizvo - symphony (1955), orchestral mufananidzo "Borodino Field" (1965), tambo quartet (1969), Trio (1958), Violin sonata (1955). ), Nhetembo ye cello ine orchestra (1968), akati wandei eimba inoimba mabasa, mimhanzi yetiyeta uye sinema.

Uye muna 1958, "polyphony" yebasa rekugadzira raNikolaeva yakawedzerwa nemumwe, mutsva mutsva - akatanga kudzidzisa. (Moscow Conservatory inomukoka.) Nhasi kune vechiduku vakawanda vane zvipo pakati pevadzidzi vake; vamwe vakabudirira kuzviratidza pachavo pamakwikwi enyika - somuenzaniso, M. Petukhov, B. Shagdaron, A. Batagov, N. Lugansky. Kudzidza nevadzidzi vake, Nikolaeva, maererano naye, anovimba netsika dzepachikoro chepiyano chepedyo cheRussia, pane zvakaitika kune mudzidzisi wake AB Goldenweiser. "Chinhu chikuru ndechekuita uye hupamhi hwezvido zvekuziva zvevadzidzi, kubvunza kwavo uye kuda kuziva, ndinotenda izvi kupfuura zvese," anogovera pfungwa dzake nezve pedagogy. "yezvirongwa zvimwe chetezvo, kunyangwe izvi zvakapupurira kushingirira kwemuimbi wechidiki. Nehurombo, nhasi nzira iyi iri mufashoni kupfuura yatingade ...

Mudzidzisi wezvekuchengetedza anodzidza nemudzidzi ane chipo uye anovimbisa anotarisana nematambudziko mazhinji mazuva ano, "Nikolaeva anoenderera mberi. Kana zvakadaro… Ko, ungave sei nechokwadi chekuti tarenda remudzidzi mushure mekukunda kwemakwikwi - uye chiyero chekupedzisira chinowanzo fungidzirwa - hachiperi, hachirasikirwe nechaichimbova chiyero, hachizove stereotyped? Ndiwo mubvunzo. Uye mumaonero angu, imwe yenyaya dzepamusoro mune zvemazuva ano mimhanzi pedagogy.

Pane imwe nguva, achitaura pamapeji emagazini yeSoviet Music, Nikolaeva akanyora, kuti: “Chinetso chokupfuuridzira zvidzidzo zvevatambi vaduku vaya vanova vahwinahwindi vasina kupedza kudzidza pachikoro chemitambo chiri kuramba chichiwedzera. Kutakurwa nemitambo yemakonti, vanorega kutarisisa kune yavo yakazara dzidzo, iyo inopesana nekubatana kwekukura kwavo uye inokanganisa zvakashata mufananidzo wavo wekugadzira. Ivo vachiri kuda kudzidza zvakadzikama, kuenda kuzvidzidzo zvine hungwaru, kunzwa sevadzidzi chaivo, uye kwete “vashanyi” vanoregererwa zvese… “Uye akapedzisa seizvi:… zvinzvimbo zvekugadzira, kugonesa vamwe nezve credo yavo yekugadzira . Apa ndipo panopinda dambudziko.” (Nikolaeva T. Reflections mushure mekupera: Kuenda kumigumisiro yeVI International Tchaikovsky Competition // Sov. Music. 1979. No. 2. P. 75, 74.). Nikolaeva pachake akakwanisa kugadzirisa dambudziko iri rakaoma munguva yake - kuramba mushure mekutanga uye

kubudirira kukuru. Akakwanisa "kuchengeta zvaakakunda, kusimbisa nzvimbo yake yekusika." Chokutanga pane zvose, nekuda kwekugadzikana kwemukati, kuzvidzora, chido chakasimba uye nechivimbo, uye kukwanisa kuronga nguva yako. Uye zvakare nekuti, achichinjanisa akasiyana marudzi ebasa, akashinga kuenda kune mikuru yekusika mitoro uye superloads.

Pedagogy inotora kubva kuna Tatyana Petrovna nguva yese yakasara kubva kune nzendo dzekonzati. Uye, kunyanguvezvo, ndizvo chaizvo nhasi apo anonzwa zvakajeka zvikuru kupfuura nakare kose kuti kurukurirano nepwere inodikanwa kwaari: “Zvakadikanwa kufambirana noupenyu, kwete kukwegura mumweya, kuti unzwe, sezvavanoita. toti, mafambiro emazuva ano. Uye imwezve. Kana iwe uri kuita basa rekugadzira uye wakadzidza chimwe chinhu chakakosha uye chinonakidza mairi, iwe uchagara uchiedzwa kuti ugogovana nevamwe. Zviri natural…”

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Nikolaev nhasi anomiririra chizvarwa chekare cheSoviet pianists. Paakaundi yake, isingasviki kana kudarika - angangoita makore makumi mana eanenge achienderera mberi konzati uye maitiro ekuita. Zvisinei, basa raTatiana Petrovna harina kuderera, achiri kuita nesimba uye anoita zvakawanda. Mumakore gumi apfuura, zvichida kunyange kupfuura kare. Zvakakwana kutaura kuti nhamba ye clavirabends yake inosvika 40-70 pamwaka - chimiro chakanyanya, chinonakidza. Hazvina kuoma kufungidzira kuti rudzii rwe "mutoro" uyu pamberi pevamwe. (“Chokwadi, dzimwe nguva hazvisi nyore,” Tatyana Petrovna akambotaura kudaro, “zvisinei, makonzati zvimwe ndicho chinhu chinokosha zvikuru kwandiri, uye naizvozvo ndichatamba nokutamba chero bedzi ndiine simba rakakwana.”)

Kwemakore, kukwezva kwaNikolaeva kune yakakura-yepamusoro repertory pfungwa hakuna kuderera. Aigara achinzwa kuda kwezvirongwa zvikuru, zvemakonzati anoshamisa emitambo; ndinovada nanhasi. Pamaposter emanheru ake munhu anogona kuona dzinenge dzese nziyo dzeBach's clavier; akaita imwe chete hombe Bach opus, Iyo Art yeFugue, kakawanda mumakore achangopfuura. Anogara achitaura nezveGoldberg Variations uye Bach's Piano Concerto muE Major (kazhinji pamwe chete neLithuanian Chamber Orchestra inotungamirirwa naS. Sondeckis). Semuenzaniso, nziyo idzi mbiri dzakaridzwa naye pa "December Manheru" (1987) muMoscow, kwaakaita paakakokwa naS. Richter. Makonzati akawanda e monograph akaziviswawo naye mumakore makumi masere - Beethoven (ese piano sonatas), Schumann, Scriabin, Rachmaninov, nezvimwe.

Asi zvichida mufaro mukuru unoramba uchimuunzira kuita kweShostakovich's Preludes uye Fugues, iyo, tinoyeuka, yakabatanidzwa mune repertoire yake kubvira 1951, kureva, kubva panguva iyo yakasikwa nemunyori. "Nguva inopfuura, uye chitarisiko chomunhu chaDmitriy Dmitrievich, chokwadi, chikamu chinopera, chinodzimwa mundangariro. Asi mimhanzi yake, pane zvinopesana, iri kuswedera pedyo uye pedyo nevanhu. Kana kare kwete munhu wose aiziva kukosha kwayo uye kudzika, ikozvino mamiriro ezvinhu achinja: ini handisati ndasangana nevateereri umo mabasa aShostakovich aisazomutsa kuyemura kwechokwadi. Ndinogona kutonga izvi nechivimbo, nekuti ini ndinotamba mabasa aya chaizvo mumakona ese enyika yedu uye kunze kwenyika.

Nenzira, munguva pfupi yapfuura ndakaona zvakakodzera kuita rekodhi nyowani yeShostakovich's Preludes uye Fugues muMelodiya studio, nekuti iyo yapfuura, inodzokera kumakore makumi matanhatu ekutanga, yakati rebei.

Gore ra1987 raive rakanyanya zviitiko kuna Nikolaeva. Mukuwedzera kune "December Manheru" ataurwa pamusoro apa, akashanyira mitambo mikuru yemimhanzi muSalzburg (Austria), Montpellier (France), Ansbach (West Germany). "Nzendo dzerudzi urwu hadzisi basa chete - kunyangwe, hongu, kutanga kune basa," anodaro Tatyana Petrovna. “Kunyange zvakadaro, ndinoda kukwevera ngwariro kupfundo rimwezve. Idzi nzendo dzinounza kupenya kwakawanda, kwakasiyana-siyana - uye chii chingave hunyanzvi pasina ivo? Maguta matsva nenyika, mamiziyamu matsva uye ensembles ezvivakwa, kusangana nevanhu vatsva - kunopfumisa uye kuwedzera mahorizoni emunhu! Somuenzaniso, ndakafadzwa zvikuru nokuzivana kwangu naOlivier Messiaen nomudzimai wake, Madame Lariot (iye anoridza piyano, anoimba nziyo dzake dzose dzepiyano).

Kuzivana uku kwakaitika munguva pfupi yapfuura, munguva yechando ye1988. Tichitarisa kune maestro anozivikanwa, uyo, pazera remakore makumi masere, azere nesimba uye simba remweya, iwe unofunga usingadi: uyu ndiye waunoda kuenzana naye, ndiani. kutora muenzaniso kubva…

Ndakadzidza zvinhu zvakawanda zvinobatsira kwandiri nguva pfupi yadarika pane imwe yemitambo, pandakanzwa muimbi anoshamisa weNegro Jessie Norman. Ini ndiri mumiriri weimwe nyanzvi yemimhanzi. Nekudaro, paakashanyira dhizaini yake, pasina mubvunzo akazadza nyanzvi yake "piggy bank" nechimwe chinhu chakakosha. Ini ndinofunga inoda kuzadzikiswa nguva dzose uye kwese kwese, pamukana wese… "

Nikolaeva dzimwe nguva anobvunzwa: anozorora rini? Anombozorora pazvidzidzo zvemimhanzi zvachose here? "Uye ini, munoona, handinete nemimhanzi," anopindura kudaro. Uye handinzwisise kuti ungatoguta nazvo sei. Ndiko kuti, yegrey, mediocre vanoita, hongu, unogona kuneta, uye nekukurumidza zvakanyanya. Asi hazvireve kuti waneta nemimhanzi…”

Anowanzoyeuka, achitaura pamusoro pemisoro yakadaro, anoshamisa weSoviet violinist David Fedorovich Oistrakh - aive nemukana wekufamba naye kune imwe nyika kune imwe nguva. "Yakanga iri nguva refu yapfuura, pakati pemakumi mashanu, panguva yerwendo rwedu rwekubatana kunyika dzeLatin America - Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil. Makonzati ikoko akatanga uye akapera nguva dzapera – pakati peusiku; uye apo takadzokera kuhotera, taneta, kazhinji kazhinji yakanga yatova kumaXNUMX kana kuti matatu mumangwanani. Saka, pane kuenda kunozorora, David Fedorovich akati kwatiri, shamwari dzake: zvakadini kana tikateerera mimwe mimhanzi yakanaka ikozvino? (Marekodhi akatamba kwenguva refu akanga achangobva kuoneka pamasherufu ezvitoro panguva iyoyo, uye Oistrakh aifarira zvikuru kuaunganidza.) Kuramba kwakanga kusingabviri. Kana mumwe wedu asina kuratidza kufarira kwakanyanya, David Fedorovich angatsamwa zvakanyanya: "Haudi mimhanzi here?" ...

Saka chinhu chikuru ndechekuti rudo mimhanzi, anogumisa Tatyana Petrovna. Ipapo pachava nenguva yakakwana nesimba nokuda kwechinhu chiri chose.”

Achiri kutarisana nemabasa akasiyana-siyana asina kugadziriswa uye matambudziko mukuita - zvisinei neruzivo rwake uye makore mazhinji ekudzidzira. Anofunga kuti izvi ndezvechisikigo zvachose, nokuti chete nekukunda kushorwa kwezvinhu zvinogona kufambira mberi. “Muupenyu hwangu hwose ndatambura, somuenzaniso, nezvinetso zvine chokuita nokurira kwechiridzwa. Hazvisi zvese panyaya iyi zvakandigutsa. Uye kushoropodzwa, kutaura chokwadi, hakuna kundiita kuti ndidzikame. Zvino, zvinoita sekunge, ndawana zvandaitsvaga, kana, chero zvakadaro, pedyo nazvo. Nekudaro, izvi hazvireve zvachose kuti mangwana ndichagutsikana nezvakawanda kana zvishoma zvakandikodzera nhasi.

Chikoro cheRussia chekuridza piyano, Nikolaeva anovandudza pfungwa yake, yagara ichiratidzwa nekupfava, kunakidza kwekutamba. Izvi zvakadzidziswa naKN Igumnov, naAB Goldenweiser, nevamwe vaimbi vane mukurumbira vezera rekare. Naizvozvo, paanoona kuti vamwe vechidiki vairidza piyano vanobata piyano nehasha uye nehutsinye, "kugogodza", "kurova", zvichingodaro, zvinomuodza mwoyo chaizvo. “Ndiri kutyira kuti nhasi tiri kurasikirwa nedzimwe tsika dzakakosha zvikuru dzemitambo yedu yemitambo. Asi kurasikirwa, kurasikirwa nechimwe chinhu kunogara kuri nyore pane kuchengetedza ... "

Uye chimwe chinhu zvakare inyaya yekugara uchifungisisa uye kutsvaga Nikolaeva. Kupfava kwekutaura kwemimhanzi .. Izvo zviri nyore, zvisikwa, kujeka kwemaitiro, izvo vazhinji (kana vasiri vese) vanopedzisira vauya, zvisinei nemhando uye rudzi rwemifananidzo yavanomiririra. A. France akambonyora, kuti: “Pandinorarama kwenguva refu, ndinonzwa ndakasimba zvikuru: hakuna Akanaka, uyo panguva imwe cheteyo angasava ari nyore. Nikolaeva anobvumirana zvizere nemashoko aya. Ndidzo nzira dzakanakisa dzekutaura izvo zvinoita sekwaari nhasi zvakanyanya kukosha muhunyanzvi hwekugadzira. "Ini ndinongowedzera kuti mubasa rangu, kureruka kuri mubvunzo kunouya zvakanyanya kudambudziko rechimiro chemutambi. Dambudziko rehutano hwemukati panguva yekuita. Iwe unogona kunzwa zvakasiyana usati waenda pachikuva - zviri nani kana zvakanyanya. Asi kana munhu akabudirira mukuzvigadzirisa mupfungwa uye kupinda muhurumende yandiri kutaura nezvayo, chinhu chikuru, munhu anogona kufunga nezvacho, chatoitwa. Zvakanyanya kuoma kutsanangura zvese izvi mumashoko, asi neruzivo, nekudzidzira, unowedzera kunyura zvakanyanya nekunzwa uku…

Zvakanaka, pamwoyo wezvose, ndinofunga, manzwiro akareruka uye echisikigo evanhu, ayo akakosha kuchengetedza ... Hapana chikonzero chekugadzira kana kugadzira chero chinhu. Iwe unongoda kukwanisa kuzviteerera uye kuedza kutaura iwe pachako zvakanyanya, zvakananga mumimhanzi. Ndiyo secret yese.

…Zvichida, hazvisi zvese zvinogoneka kuna Nikolaeva zvakaenzana. Uye chaiyo yekusika mhedzisiro, sezviri pachena, haiwanzoenderana neyakagadzirirwa. Zvichida, mumwe wevaanoshanda navo haazo "bvumirana" naye, anosarudza chimwe chinhu mupiyano; kune vamwe, dudziro dzake dzingaratidzika kuva dzinogutsa. Isiri kare zvikuru, muna March 1987, Nikolaeva akapa bhendi ye<em>clavier muGreat Hall yeMoscow Conservatory, achiitsaurira kuna Scriabin; mumwe wevaongorori pachiitiko ichi akatsoropodza mutambi wepiyano nekuda kwe "maonero akanaka-akasununguka" mumabasa aScriabin, akataura kuti haana mutambo chaiwo, matambudziko emukati, kunetseka, kurwisana kukuru: "Zvinhu zvose zvinoitwa nenzira yakasikwa ... mumweya waArensky. (Sov. mimhanzi. 1987. No. 7. S. 60, 61.). Zvakanaka, munhu wese anonzwa mimhanzi nenzira yake: imwe - saka, imwe - zvakasiyana. Chii chingava chakasikwa?

Chimwe chinhu chinonyanya kukosha. Ichokwadi chokuti Nikolaeva achiri kufamba, mubasa risina simba uye rine simba; kuti iye achiri, sepakutanga, haazvidavirire, anoramba achigara akanaka pianistic "chimiro". Mukutaura, haararame nezuro mune unyanzvi, asi nanhasi uye mangwana. Iyi haisiriyo kiyi yehupenyu hwake hunofadza uye hupenyu hurefu hwehunyanzvi?

G. Tsypin, 1990