Lev Nikolaevich Oborin |

Lev Oborin

Lev Nikolaevich Oborin ndiye aive muimbi wekutanga weSoviet kuhwina kukunda kwekutanga munhoroondo yeSoviet musical performance arts pamakwikwi epasi rose (Warsaw, 1927, Chopin Competition). Nhasi, apo mapoka evakundi vemitambo yakasiyana-siyana yemimhanzi inofamba imwe pashure peimwe, apo mazita matsva nezviso zvinogara zvichionekwa mavari, avo "hapana nhamba", zvakaoma kunyatsonzwisisa zvakaitwa naOborin makore 85 apfuura. Kwaiva kukunda, kunzwa, chiitiko. Vanotsvaga vanogara vakakomberedzwa nerukudzo - mukutsvagisa muchadenga, musainzi, munhau dzeveruzhinji; Oborin akavhura mugwagwa, uyo J. Flier, E. Gilels, J. Zak nevamwe vakawanda vakatevera noungwaru. Kuhwina mubairo wekutanga mumakwikwi akakomba ekugadzira kunogara kwakaoma; muna 1927, mumhepo yekuda kwakashata iyo yakatekeshera muBourgeois Poland maererano neSoviet artists, Oborin yakanga yakaoma kaviri, katatu. Haana kukwereta kukunda kwake nekuda kwekupenga kana chimwewo chinhu - aive nechikwereti kwaari iye oga, kune tarenda rake guru uye rinoyevedza zvakanyanya.

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Oborin akaberekerwa muMoscow, mumhuri yeinjiniya wechitima. Amai vomukomana, Nina Viktorovna, vaida kupedza nguva vari piyano, uye baba vake, Nikolai Nikolaevich, vaiva mudiwa mukuru wemimhanzi. Nguva nenguva, makonzati asina kunaka akarongwa paOborins: mumwe wevaenzi akaimba kana kutamba, Nikolai Nikolayevich mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro akazvidira kuita seanoperekedza.

Mudzidzisi wekutanga wepiyano yeramangwana aiva Elena Fabianovna Gnesina, anozivikanwa zvikuru mumitambo yemimhanzi. Gare gare, panguva Conservatory, Oborin akadzidza Konstantin Nikolaevich Igumnov. “Chakanga chiri chimiro chakadzama, chakaoma, chakasiyana. Mune dzimwe nzira, yakasiyana. Ndinofunga kuti kuedza kuratidza hunyanzvi hwaIgumnov nerubatsiro rweshoko rimwe chete kana maviri kana tsananguro - ingave "lyricist" kana chimwewo chinhu chemhando imwe chete - kazhinji inotadza. (Uye vechidiki veConservatory, vanoziva Igumnov chete kubva kune imwe chete zvinyorwa uye kubva kune ega ega zvipupuriro zvemuromo, dzimwe nguva vanorerekera kune tsananguro dzakadaro.)

Kutaura chokwadi, - akaenderera mberi nenyaya yemudzidzisi wake Oborin, - Igumnov akanga asiri nguva dzose, semupiyano. Zvichida zvakanakisisa pane zvose aitamba kumba, mudenderedzwa revanoda. Muno, mumhoteredzo yakarovedzeka, yakasununguka, akanzwa akasununguka uye akasununguka. Airidza mumhanzi panguva dzakadai nekurudziro, aine chido chechokwadi. Mukuwedzera, kumba, pachiridzwa chake, zvose nguva dzose "zvakabuda" kwaari. Muimba yekugara, mukirasi, umo dzimwe nguva vanhu vazhinji vakaungana (vadzidzi, vaenzi ...), "aifema" papiyano haisisiri yakasununguka. Akatamba pano zvakanyanya, kunyange, kutaura chokwadi, haana nguva dzose uye kwete nguva dzose achibudirira mune zvose zvakaenzana. Igumnov aiwanzoratidza basa rakadzidzwa nemudzidzi kwete kubva pakutanga kusvika kumagumo, asi muzvikamu, zvimedu (izvo zvaive kushanda panguva ino). Kana dziri hurukuro dzake kuruzhinji, hazvina kumbobvira zvaita kufanotaura kuti mutambo uyu waizovei.

Paive neanoshamisa, asingakanganwiki maclavirabends, emweya kubva kune yekutanga kusvika kune yekupedzisira noti, yakaratidzirwa neyakajeka kupinda mukati memweya wemimhanzi. Uye pamwe chete navo paive nemitambo isina kuenzana. Zvose zvaienderana neminiti, pamafungiro, kana Konstantin Nikolayevich akakwanisa kudzora tsinga dzake, kukunda kufara kwake.

Kuonana naIgumnov kwaireva zvakawanda muhupenyu hwekusika hwaOborin. Asi kwete ivo chete. Muimbi wechidiki aive kazhinji, sezvavanotaura, "rombo" nevadzidzisi. Pakati pevadzidzisi vake vekuchengetedza vaiva Nikolai Yakovlevich Myaskovsky, kubva kwaari jaya racho rakatora zvidzidzo zvekunyora. Oborin aisafanira kuva nyanzvi yekunyora; upenyu hwapashure hauna kungomusiyira mukana wakadaro. Zvisinei, zvidzidzo zvekugadzira panguva yekudzidza zvakapa piano anozivikanwa zvikuru - akasimbisa izvi kanopfuura kamwe. "Upenyu hwakashanduka nenzira yakadai," akadaro, zvokuti pakupedzisira ndakava muimbi uye mudzidzisi, uye kwete munyori. Zvisinei, zvino ndichimutsa makore angu maduku muyeuko yangu, ndinowanzoshamisika kuti kuedza uku kunyora kwaibatsira uye kunobetsera sei panguva iyoyo kwandiri. Nyaya haisi iyo chete ne "kuedza" pane keyboard, ndakadzamisa kunzwisisa kwangu kwezvinotaridzwa zvepiyano, asi nekugadzira uye kudzidzira maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekugadzira masanganiswa pachangu, kazhinji, ndakafambira mberi semupiyano. Nenzira, ndaifanira kudzidza zvakawanda - kwete kudzidza mitambo yangu, saRachmaninov, semuenzaniso, asina kuvadzidzisa, ini handina kukwanisa ...

Uye zvakadaro chinhu chikuru chakasiyana. Apo, ndichiisa parutivi zvinyorwa zvangu pachangu, ndakatora mimhanzi yevamwe vanhu, mabasa evamwe vanyori, chimiro nechimiro cheaya mabhuku, chimiro chawo chomukati uye kurongeka chaikoiko kwezvinhu zvinonzwika zvakava neimwe nzira yakajeka zvikuru kwandiri. Ndakaona kuti ipapo ndakatanga kunyura mukati mezvinoreva kuoma kwemaizwi-harmonic shanduko, pfungwa yekukudziridzwa kwemazano emimhanzi, nezvimwewo nenzira inonyatsoziva. kugadzira mimhanzi kwakandipa, ini mutambi, masevhisi akakosha.

Chiitiko chimwe chinoda kuziva kubva muupenyu hwangu chinowanzouya mupfungwa dzangu,” Oborin akapedzisa hurukuro pamusoro pezvakanakira kuumba vatambi. "Nenzira imwe mukutanga kwemakumi matatu ndakakokwa kushanyira Alexei Maksimovich Gorky. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti Gorky aifarira zvikuru mimhanzi uye ainzwa zvisinganzwisisiki. Sezvingatarisirwa, pakukumbira kwomuridzi, ndaifanira kugara pasi pachiridzwa chacho. Ndakabva ndatamba zvakanyanya uye, zvinoita sekunge, nechido chikuru. Aleksey Maksimovich akanyatsoteerera, achiisa chirebvu chake muchanza cheruoko rwake uye haana kumbobvisa maziso ake akangwara uye ane mutsa kwandiri. Zvisingatarisirwi, akabvunza kuti: “Ndiudze, Lev Nikolaevich, nei usingazvigadziri iwe pachako nziyo?” Kwete, ndinopindura, ndaimbozvifarira, asi iye zvino handichina nguva – kufamba, makonzati, vadzidzi… “Zvinonzwisa tsitsi, zvinonzwisa tsitsi,” anodaro Gorky, “kana chipo chemuimbi chagara chiripo. mauri nemasikirwo, inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa - kukosha kukuru. Hongu, uye mukuita, pamwe, zvingakubatsira zvakanyanya ... "Ndinoyeuka kuti ini, muimbi wechidiki, ndakabayiwa mwoyo nemashoko aya. Usataure chinhu - nekuchenjera! Iye, murume ari kure kwazvo nemimhanzi, nekukurumidza uye nenzira kwayo akanzwisisa musimboti wedambudziko - mutambi-munyori".

Musangano naGorky waingova mumwe chete munhevedzano yemisangano yakawanda inonakidza uye vanozivana vakawira Oborin mumaXNUMX nemaXNUMXs. Panguva iyoyo akanga ari pedyo Shostakovich, Prokofiev, Shebalin, Khachaturian, Sofronitsky, Kozlovsky. Akanga ari pedyo nenyika yemitambo - kuMeyerhold, kune "MKhAT", uye kunyanya kuMoskvin; nevamwe vataurwa pamusoro apa, aiva noushamwari hwakasimba. Zvadaro, Oborin paanova tenzi ane mukurumbira, kushoropodza kuchanyora nekuyemura nezve. tsika dzemukati, anogara aripo mumutambo wake, kuti maari iwe unogona kunzwa kukwezva kwehungwaru muhupenyu uye pachikuva. Oborin aiva nechikwereti ichi kupwere yake yakaumbwa nomufaro: mhuri, vadzidzisi, vadzidzi biyake; kamwe mukurukurirano, akataura kuti akanga ane “mhoteredzo yezvokudya zvinovaka muviri” yakaisvonaka mumakore ake ouduku.

Muna 1926, Oborin akapedza kudzidza kubva kuMoscow Conservatory. Zita rake rakanyorwa negoridhe paBhodhi reRukudzo remarble rine mukurumbira iro rinoshongedza foya yeImba Diki yeConservatory. Izvi zvakaitika muchirimo, uye muna Zvita wegore rimwe chetero, prospectus yeFirst International Chopin Piano Competition muWarsaw yakagamuchirwa muMoscow. Vaimbi vanobva kuUSSR vakakokwa. Dambudziko nderekuti pakanga pasisina nguva yekugadzirira makwikwi. "Mavhiki matatu kusati kwatanga makwikwi, Igumnov akandiratidza purogiramu yemakwikwi," Oborin akazoyeuka gare gare. "Repertoire yangu yaisanganisira chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chechirongwa chemakwikwi anosungirwa. Kurovedza mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kwairatidzika kuva kusina maturo.” Kunyange zvakadaro, akatanga kugadzirira: Igumnov akaomerera uye mumwe wevaimbi vane chiremera chenguva iyoyo, BL Yavorsky, ane maonero Oborin aionekwa nepamusoro-soro. "Kana iwe uchida chaizvo, saka unogona kutaura," Yavorsky akaudza Oborin. Uye akatenda.

MuWarsaw, Oborin akazviratidza zvakanyanya. Akapihwa mubairo wekutanga nekubvumirana. Mutori wenhau wekunze, asingavanze kushamisika kwawo (zvakatotaurwa pamusoro apa: yaiva 1927), akataura nechido pamusoro pekuita kwemuimbi weSoviet. Munyori anosanozivikanwa wokuPoland Karol Szymanowski, achiongorora maitirwo aOborin, akataura mashoko ayo mapepanhau enyika dzakawanda dzenyika akanzvenga pane imwe nguva: “Chishamiso! Hachisi chivi kumunamata, nekuti ndiye anosika Runako.

Kudzoka kubva kuWarsaw, Oborin anotanga basa rekonzati rinoshanda. Icho chiri kuwedzera: geography yerwendo rwake iri kuwedzera, nhamba yemitambo iri kuwedzera (kuumbwa kunofanira kusiiwa - hapana nguva yakakwana kana simba). Basa rekonzati raOborin rakagadzirwa zvakanyanya mumakore ekupedzisira kwehondo: kunze kweSoviet Union, anoridza muU.SA, France, Belgium, Great Britain, Japan, uye mune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda. Chirwere chete ndicho chinovhiringa iyi isingamire uye nekukasira kufamba kwenzendo.

… Avo vanorangarira mutambi wepiyano panguva yemakore makumi matatu vanotaura pamwe chete nezverunako rwekuridza kwake - asina unyanzvi, azere nekutsva kwehujaya uye nekukasika kwekunzwa. NDIKO Kozlovsky, achitaura nezvewechiduku Oborin, anonyora kuti akarova “nenziyo, runako, ushamwari hwevanhu, rudzi rwakati rwokupenya.” Izwi rokuti "kupenya" rinokwezva kutarisa pano: inoratidzira, inoyevedza uye inofananidzira, inobatsira kunzwisisa zvakawanda mukuonekwa kwemuimbi.

Uye imwezve chiokomuhomwe mairi - nyore. Zvichida chikoro cheIgumnov chakave nemigumisiro, zvichida maitiro ehupenyu hwaOborin, maitiro ehutano hwake (zvichida zvose zviri zviviri), - chete maiva maari, semuongorori, kujekesa kunoshamisa, kureruka, kuvimbika, kuwirirana kwemukati. Izvi zvakaita kuti vanhu vakawanda vaonekwe sezvisingarambiki, uye nevaaishanda navo zvakare. MuOborin, mutambi wepiyano, vakanzwa chimwe chinhu chakadzokera kune kure uye kune mbiri tsika dzeRussia art - ivo vakanyatsotsunga zvakawanda mumutambo wake wekonzati.

Nzvimbo huru mumapurogiramu ayo akabatwa nemabasa evanyori veRussia. Akaridza zvinoshamisa The Four Seasons, Dumka uye Tchaikovsky's First Piano Concerto. Mumwe aigona kazhinji kunzwa Mussorgsky's Mifananidzo paChiratidziro, pamwe nemabasa aRachmaninov - Yechipiri uye Yetatu Piano Concertos, preludes, etudes-mifananidzo, Musical Moments. Hazvibviri kusarangarira, kubata pachikamu ichi cheOborin's repertoire, uye kuita kwake kunofadza kweBorodin's "Little Suite", Lyadov's Variations on a Theme naGlinka, Concerto yePiano uye Orchestra, Op. 70 A. Rubinstein. Akanga ari muimbi wechikwata chechokwadi cheRussia - muunhu hwake, chitarisiko, maitiro, maitiro eunyanzvi uye zvaanoda. Zvakanga zvisingaite kuti asanzwe zvese izvi muhunyanzvi hwake.

Uye mumwezve munyori anofanirwa kutumidzwa zita pakutaura nezve repertoire yaOborin - Chopin. Akaridza mimhanzi yake kubva pamatanho ekutanga pachikuva kusvika pakupera kwemazuva ake; akambonyora mune imwe yenyaya dzake, kuti: “Manzwiro omufaro ane varidzi vepiyano Chopin haambondisiyi.” Zvakaoma kuyeuka zvose izvo Oborin akatamba muzvirongwa zvake zveChopin - etudes, preludes, waltzes, nocturnes, mazurkas, sonatas, concertos nezvimwe zvakawanda. Zvakaoma kutsanangura kuti akatamba, zvakatonyanya kuoma kupa mutambo nhasi, as akazviita. "Chopin yake - crystal yakajeka uye yakajeka - isina kuparadzaniswa yakabata chero vateereri," J. Flier akayemura. Hazvisi zvakangoitika, hongu, kuti Oborin akawana kukunda kwake kwekutanga uye kukuru kwekugadzira muhupenyu hwake pamakwikwi akatsaurirwa kundangariro yemunyori mukuru wePolish.

… Muna 1953, kuita kwekutanga kweiyo duet Oborin - Oistrakh kwakaitika. Makore mashomanana gare gare, vatatu vakazvarwa: Oborin - Oistrakh - Knushevitsky. Kubva ipapo, Oborin ave achizivikanwa kunyika yemimhanzi kwete chete seanoimba chete, asiwo seyekutanga-kirasi ensemble mutambi. Kubva paudiki aifarira mimhanzi yekamuri (kunyangwe asati asangana nevaaizobatana navo, airidza muduti naD. Tsyganov, yakaitwa pamwe chete neBeethoven Quartet). Chokwadi, mamwe maficha ehunyanzvi hwekuita Oborin - kuita kuchinjika, kunzwa, kugona kukurumidza kumisikidza magadzirirwo ekugadzira, stylistic versatility - akamuita nhengo inokosha ye duets uye trios. Panyaya yaOborin, Oistrakh naKnushevitsky, pakanga paine huwandu hukuru hwemimhanzi yakadzokororwa navo - inoshanda nevekare, romantics, vanyori vemazuva ano. Kana tikataura pamusoro pezvavakaita zvikuru, saka munhu haakwanisi kutumidza zita reRachmaninoff cello sonata rakadudzirwa naOborin naKnushevitsky, pamwe chete negumi gumi Beethoven sonatas yeviolin nepiyano, yakaitwa pane imwe nguva naOborin naOistrakh. Iyi sonatas yakaitwa, kunyanya, muna 1962 muParis, uko maSoviet artists akakokwa nekambani inozivikanwa yeFrench rekodhi. Mukati memwedzi nehafu, vakatora maitiro avo pamarekodhi, uye zvakare - munhevedzano yemakonzati - vakamuzivisa kuruzhinji rweFrance. Yakanga iri nguva yakaoma kune vane mbiri mbiri. “Takashanda nesimba chaizvo,” akadaro DF Oistrakh gare gare, “hapana kwatakaenda, takarega kufamba-famba muguta, tichiramba kukoka kwakawanda kwomutsa. Kudzokera kumumhanzi waBeethoven, ndaida kufunga zvakare hurongwa hwesenatas zvakare (iyo inokosha!) Asi kashoma kuti vateereri, vashanyira makonzati edu, vafare kupfuura isu. Tainakidzwa manheru ega ega patairidza sonatas kubva pachikuva, taifara zvisingaite, tichiteerera mimhanzi mukunyarara kwestudio, uko mamiriro ese akagadzirirwa izvi. "

Pamwe chete nezvimwe zvese, Oborin akadzidzisawo. Kubva muna 1931 kusvika pamazuva ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, akatungamirira boka rakazara muMoscow Conservatory - akasimudza vadzidzi vanopfuura gumi nevaviri, pakati pavo vanogona kunzi mapiyano akawanda anozivikanwa. Sezvo mutemo, Oborin akafamba achishingaira: akaenda kumaguta akasiyana-siyana enyika, akapedza nguva yakareba ari kunze kwenyika. Zvakaitika kuti misangano yake nevadzidzi yakanga isiri yakawandisa, kwete nguva dzose yakarongeka uye yenguva dzose. Izvi, chokwadika, zvaisagona asi kusiya imwe tsinhiro pamakirasi mukirasi yake. Pano munhu aisafanira kuvimba zuva nezuva, ane hanya pedagogical care; kuzvinhu zvakawanda, “Vakazvarwa” vaifanira kuzvionera voga. Paiva, sezviri pachena, mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro edzidzo zvose zviri zviviri pluses uye minuses. Zviri pamusoro pechimwe chinhu zvino. Misangano isingawanzoitiki nemudzidzisi neimwe nzira kunyanya kukosheswa zvikuru mhuka dzake dzinovaraidza - ndizvo zvandinoda kusimbisa. Vaikosheswa, zvichida, kupfuura mumakirasi evamwe mapurofesa (kunyange kana vakanga vasina kunyanya kusimba uye vakakodzera, asi "veimba"). Izvi zvidzidzo zvemusangano naOborin chaive chiitiko; akavagadzirira nehanya yakakosha, akavamirira, zvakaitika, zvinenge sezororo. Zvakaoma kutaura kana pakanga paine musiyano wakakosha wemudzidzi weLev Nikolayevich mukuita, toti, muImba Diki yeConservatory pane chero manheru evadzidzi kana kutamba chidimbu chitsva chemudzidzisi wake, akadzidza asipo. Uku kunzwa kwakawedzera Mhosva kusati kwaratidzwa mukirasi kwaiva rudzi rwekukurudzira - simba uye rakanyatsojeka - mumakirasi naOborin. Akatsunga zvakawanda mune zvepfungwa uye basa rekudzidzisa remawadhi ake, muhukama hwake napurofesa.

Hapana mubvunzo kuti imwe yematanho makuru ayo munhu anogona uye anofanira kutonga kubudirira kwekudzidzisa ane hukama simba mudzidzisi, chiyero chemukurumbira wake wehunyanzvi mumaziso evadzidzi, mwero wepesvedzero yemanzwiro uye yekuzvidira pavadzidzi vake. Chiremera chaOborin mukirasi chakanga chakakwirira zvisingarambiki, uye pesvedzero yake kuvaimbi vepiyano vaduku yakanga yakasimba zvikuru; izvi zvega zvakanga zvakakwana kutaura nezvake semunhu mukuru anodzidzisa. Vanhu vakanyatsotaura naye vanoyeuka kuti mazwi mashomanana akadonhedzwa naLev Nikolaevich akazova dzimwe nguva anorema uye anokosha kupfuura mamwe matauriro akaisvonaka uye ane maruva.

Mazwi mashoma, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa, aiwanzofarira Oborin pane kureba kwekudzidzisa monologues. Pane kuvharika zvishoma pane kushamwaridzana zvakanyanya, aigara ari laconic, anonyima nemashoko. Mhando dzose dzemadimikira ezvinyorwa, mienzaniso neinofambirana nayo, mienzaniso ineruvara uye madimikira enhetembo - izvi zvese zvaive zvisiri muzvidzidzo zvake kwete mutemo. Achitaura nezve mimhanzi pachayo - hunhu hwayo, mifananidzo, pfungwa uye hunyanzvi zvemukati - aive akanyanya kupfupika, akanyatso uye akasimba mukutaura. Pakanga pasina kana chimwe chinhu chakanyanyisa, chekusarudza, chinotungamira mukutaura kwake. Kune rudzi rwakakosha rwekutaura: kutaura chete izvo zvine basa, uye hapana chimwezve; mupfungwa iyi, Oborin akanga achigona kutaura.

Lev Nikolaevich ainyanya kupfupika pakudzokorora, zuva rimwe kana maviri pamberi pekuita, mudzidzi anouya wekirasi yake. “Ndinotya kutsausa mudzidzi,” akambotaura kudaro, “zvichida neimwe nzira kuti ndizununguse kutenda kwake mupfungwa yakasimbiswa, ndinotya” ku“vhundutsira” kunzwa kunofadza kwekuita. Sekuona kwangu, zvakanaka kuti mudzidzisi ari mupre-concert asadzidzise, ​​kwete kudzidzisa muimbi wechidiki kakawanda, asi kungotsigira, kumufadza ... "

Imwe nguva yehunhu. Mirayiridzo yekudzidzisa yaOborin uye tsinhiro, nguva dzose dzakananga uye dzine chinangwa, dzaiwanzotaurirwa kune zvaibatanidzwa. zvinobatsira divi muchipiyano. Nekuita sekudaro. Sei, semuenzaniso, kutamba iyi kana iyo nzvimbo yakaoma, kurerutsa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, zvichiita kuti hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi; chii chigunwe chingave chakanyanya kukodzera pano; ndeipi nzvimbo yeminwe, maoko nemuviri zvingave zviri nyore uye zvakakodzera; ndezvipi tactile sensations zvingatungamirira kune yaidiwa inzwi, nezvimwewo - iyi nemimwe mibvunzo yakafanana kazhinji yakauya pamberi pechidzidzo chaOborin, ichisarudza kuvaka kwayo kwakakosha, "teknolojia" yakapfuma.

Zvakanga zvakakosha kuvadzidzi kuti zvese izvo Oborin akataura nezvazvo "zvakapihwa" - serudzi rwegoridhe rekuchengetedza - nehunyanzvi hwake hwekuita ruzivo, zvichibva paruzivo rwezvakavanzika zvepedyo zvepiyano "craft".

Sei, toti, kuita chidimbu nekariro yeruzha rwayo rwemunguva yemberi muhoro yekonzati? Nzira yekugadzirisa sei kugadzirwa kwezwi, nuance, pedalization, nezvimwewo mune izvi? Zano uye kurudziro zverudzi urwu zvakabva kuna tenzi, kakawanda uye, zvakanyanya kukosha, pachako uyo akazviedza zvose mukuita. Paiva nechiitiko apo, pane imwe yezvidzidzo zvakaitika kumba kwaOborin, mumwe wevadzidzi vake akatamba Chopin's First Ballade. "Zvakanaka, kwete zvakaipa," akapfupisa Lev Nikolayevich, ateerera basa kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupedzisira, senguva dzose. "Asi mumhanzi uyu unonzwikawo chamber, ndingatoti" room-like". Uye uchaimba muImba Diki… Wakanganwa nezvazvo here? Ndokumbira utange zvakare uye funga izvi ... "

Ichi chiitiko chinounza mupfungwa, nenzira, imwe yemirairo yaOborin, iyo yakadzokororwa kuvadzidzi vake: mutambi wepiyano ari kutamba kubva pachikuva anofanira kunge ane "kutsiura" kwakajeka, kunonzwisisika, kwakanyatsojeka - "kunyatsoiswa kwekuita diction," sezvakaitwa naLev Nikolayevich pane imwe yemakirasi. Uye saka: "Zvakawanda zvakasimbiswa, zvakakura, zvakanyatsojeka," aigara achikumbira pakudzokorora. “Mutauri achitaura ari papodium achataura zvakasiyana pane akatarisana nemutauriri wake. Zvimwe chetezvo ndezvechokwadi kumuimbi wepiyano wemakonzati anoridza paruzhinji. Horo yose inofanira kuzvinzwa, uye kwete chete mitsetse yokutanga yematanga.

Zvichida chishandiso chine simba kwazvo mune arsenal yeOborin mudzidzisi ave kwenguva refu ratidza (mufananidzo) pachiridzwa; chete mumakore achangopfuura, nekuda kwekurwara, Lev Nikolaevich akatanga kusvika piyano kashoma. Mukutaura kwe "kushanda" kwayo kwekutanga, maererano nekubudirira kwayo, nzira yekuratidzira, mumwe angati, yakanyanyisa mukuenzanisa nemashoko ekutsanangura. Uye handiti kuratidzwa kwakananga pakiibhodhi yeimwe kana imwe nzira yekutamba kwakabatsira "Oborints" mubasa ravo rekurira, unyanzvi, pedalization, nezvimwewo. Ratidza-mienzaniso yemudzidzisi, mhenyu uye muenzaniso wepedyo wekuita kwake - zvese izvi zvakatakurwa nechimwe chinhu chakakura. Kuridza Lev Nikolaevich pachiridzwa chechipiri akafuridzirwa pwere dzemumhanzi, dzakavhura mitsva, yaimbove isingazivikanwe horizons uye maonero mune pianism, yakavabvumira kufema mukunhuhwirira kunonakidza kwechikamu chikuru chekonzati. Mutambo uyu dzimwe nguva waimutsa chimwe chinhu chakafanana ne "white godo": mushure mezvose, zvinoitika as и kuti inogona kuitwa papiyano… Zvaimboitika kuti kuratidza rimwe kana rimwe basa papiyano yeOborinsky kwakaunza kujeka kumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru kuti mudzidzi aite, kucheka “mapfundo eGordian” akaoma zvikuru. Mune memoirs yaLeopold Auer nezve mudzidzisi wake, mutambi wehungarian anoshamisa J. Joachim, pane mitsetse: so!” pamwe chete nenyemwerero inosimbisa.” (Auer L. Chikoro changu chekuridza violin. - M., 1965. S. 38-39.). Mifananidzo yakafanana yaiwanzoitika mukirasi yeOborinsky. Chimwe chikamu chakaoma chepiyano chakaridzwa, "chiyereso" chakaratidzwa - uyezve pfupiso yemazwi maviri kana matatu yakawedzerwa: "Sekuona kwangu, saka ..."

… Saka, Oborin akazodzidzisa chii? Chii chaiva “chitendero” chake chekudzidzisa? Chii chakanga chiri chinangwa chebasa rake rokusika?

Oborin akaunza vadzidzi vake kune chokwadi, chechokwadi, chinogutsa chepfungwa chekufambisa kwekufananidzira uye nhetembo yemimhanzi; iyi yakanga iri alfa neomega yokudzidzisa kwake. Lev Nikolayevich aigona kutaura pamusoro pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana muzvidzidzo zvake, asi zvose izvi zvakazotungamirira kune chimwe chinhu: kubatsira mudzidzi kunzwisisa zviri mukati mechinangwa chemunyori, kuzviona nepfungwa nemwoyo wake, kupinda mu "co-authorship". ” nemugadziri wemimhanzi, kuti aise pfungwa dzake nechivimbo chikuru uye kunyengetedza. "Kuwedzera uye zvakadzama muiti anonzwisisa munyori, mukana mukuru wekuti mune ramangwana vachatenda muiti wacho pachake," akadzokorora kakawanda maonero ake, dzimwe nguva achisiyanisa mazwi emufungo uyu, asi kwete chinangwa chayo.

Zvakanaka, kunzwisisa munyori - uye pano Lev Nikolayevich akataura muchibvumirano chakazara nechikoro chakamumutsa, pamwe naIgumnov - zvaireva mukirasi yeOborinsky kuti vatsanangure zvinyorwa zvebasa zvakanyatsonaka sezvinobvira, "kuzvipedza" zvachose uye pasi, kuratidza kwete chete chinhu chikuru mumhanzi notation, asiwo madiki nuances epfungwa yemunyori, akaiswa mairi. "Mimhanzi, inoratidzwa nezviratidzo pamapepa emimhanzi, kunaka kwekurara, ichiri kufanira kunyadziswa," akambotaura mudenderedzwa revadzidzi. Nezvekurongeka kwemavara, zvaidiwa naLev Nikolayevich kuvadzidzi vake zvaive zvakanyanya kuomarara, kwete kutaura pedantic: hapana chakaenzana mumutambo, chakaitwa nekukasira, "muzhinji", pasina kunyatsoita uye kurongeka, chakaregererwa. "Mutambi akanakisisa ndiye anobudisa zvinyorwa zvakajeka uye zvine musoro," mashoko aya (anonzi akanyorwa naL. Godovsky) anogona kushanda sechinyorwa chakanakisisa kune zvakawanda zvezvidzidzo zvaOborin. Chero zvivi zvakaitirwa munyori – kwete kumweya chete, asiwo nemabhii emabasa akadudzirwa – zvaionekwa pano sechinhu chinokatyamadza, setsika dzakaipa dzemuiti. Nechitarisiko chake chose, Lev Nikolaevich akaratidza kusafara kwakanyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro ...

Hapana kana rimwe zvaro rinoita serisina basa rakanyorwa, hapana kana maungira akavanzika, chinyorwa chisina kujeka, nezvimwe, chakapukunyuka ziso rake rehunyanzvi. Simbisa nengwariro yokunzwa zvose и zvose mune rimwe basa rakadudzirwa, Oborin akadzidzisa, musimboti "kuziva", kunzwisisa basa rakapiwa. “Kumuimbi nzwa - zvinoreva kunzwisisa", - akadonha mune chimwe chezvidzidzo.

Hapana mubvunzo kuti aikoshesa kuratidzwa kwekuzvimiririra uye rusununguko rwekugadzira muvadiki vanoridza piyano, asi chete kusvika pamwero wekuti hunhu uhwu hwakabatsira mukuzivikanwa. chinangwa chenguva dzose nziyo.

Saizvozvowo, zvinodiwa naLev Nikolaevich zvemutambo wevadzidzi zvakatemwa. Muimbi wekuomarara, mumwe angati, purist kuravira, neimwe nzira yedzidzo panguva yemakumi mashanu nemakumi matanhatu, akapikisa zvakasimba kupikisa subjectivist mukuita. Zvese zvaibata zvakanyanya mukududzirwa kwevaaishanda navo vechidiki, vachizviti hazvina kujairika, zvinokatyamadza nekunze kwekunze, zvaive zvisina rusaruro uye kungwarira. Saka, achingotaura nezvematambudziko ekugadzira hunyanzvi, Oborin akayeuka A. Kramskoy, achibvumirana naye kuti "yepakutanga mune art kubva pamatanho ekutanga anogara achifungira uye anoratidza kutetepa uye kugumira pane yakakura uye ine hunyanzvi tarenda. Hunhu hwakadzama uye hwakadzama pakutanga haungangotakurwi nezvose zvakamboitwa zvakanaka; hunhu hwakadai kutevedzera… ”…

Mune mamwe mazwi, izvo Oborin aitsvaga kubva kuvadzidzi vake, vachida kunzwa mumutambo wavo, zvinogona kuonekwa maererano ne: nyore, kuzvininipisa, zvisikwa, kutendeseka, nhetembo. Kukwidziridzwa pamweya, kumwe kuwedzeredza kutaura mukuita mimhanzi - zvese izvi zvinowanzo rova ​​Lev Nikolayevich. Iye pachake, sezvakataurwa, zvose muupenyu uye pachikuva, pachiridzwa, akadziviswa, akaenzana mumanzwiro; anenge “dhigirii” remanzwiro akafanana rakamufadza mukuridza kwevamwe vaimbi piano. (Sezvinei, akateerera kumutambo wehasha wemumwe mutambi wekutanga, akarangarira mazwi aAnton Rubinstein ekuti hapafanirwe kuve nemanzwiro mazhinji, manzwiro anogona kungove ane mwero; kana paine yakawanda, saka zvadaro. inhema ...) Kusawirirana uye kururamisa mukuratidzwa kwemanzwiro , kupindirana kwemukati munhetembo, kukwana kwehunyanzvi hwekuita, stylistic kurongeka, kuomarara uye kuchena - izvi uye zvakafanana maitiro ekuita zvakamutsa maitiro aOborin anoramba achitendera.

Zvaairima mukirasi yake zvaigona kutsanangurwa sedzidzo yemimhanzi inoyevedza uye isinganyatsooneki, ichidzidzisa vadzidzi vake tsika dzakanaka dzekuita. Panguva imwe cheteyo, Oborin akapfuurira kubva mukupwiswa kwokuti “mudzidzisi, pasinei zvapo nokuti angava ane ruzivo rwakadini uye ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira, haagoni kuita kuti mudzidzi ave nounyanzvi kupfuura zvaari nomusikirwo. Izvo hazvishande, zvisinei kuti chii chinoitwa pano, zvisinei kuti ndeapi maitiro ekudzidzisa anoshandiswa. Muimbi wechidiki ane tarenda chaiyo - nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare ichazvizivisa, ichaputika; aiwa, hapana chekubatsira apa. Ndiyo imwe nyaya iyo nguva dzose inofanirwa kuisa hwaro hwakasimba hwehunyanzvi pasi petarenda rechidiki, zvisinei kuti yakakura sei kuyerwa; muzivise kumaitiro ehunhu hwakanaka mumimhanzi (uye pamwe kwete mumhanzi chete). Patova nebasa rakananga uye basa remudzidzisi.

Mukuona kwakadai kwezvinhu, pakanga paine hungwaru hukuru, kudzikama uye kuziva kwakadzikama kwezvinogona kuitwa nemudzidzisi uye izvo zvaasingagoni kudzora ...

Oborin akashanda kwemakore akawanda semuenzaniso unokurudzira, yemhando yepamusoro yehunyanzvi yevadiki vaaishanda navo. Vakadzidza kubva muunyanzvi hwake, vakamutevedzera. Ngatidzokororei, kukunda kwake muWarsaw kwakanyandura vazhinji veavo vakamutevera gare gare. Hazvigoneki kuti Oborin angadai akaita basa iri rinotungamirira, rinokosha zvikuru mupiyano yeSoviet, kana kwete nokuda kwekunakidza kwake, unhu hwake hwemunhu.

Izvi zvinogara zvichipihwa kukosha kwakanyanya mumakwikwi ehunyanzvi; nokudaro, muzvinhu zvakawanda, mafungire kumuimbi, uye kurira kweruzhinji rwemabasa ake. "Pakanga pasina kupokana pakati paOborin muimbi naOborin murume," akanyora kudaro Ya. I. Zak, aimuziva zvakanyanya. “Aiwirirana zvikuru. Akavimbika mune zvehunyanzvi, aive akatendeseka zvisingaite muhupenyu… Aigara ane hushamwari, ane mutsa, aine chokwadi uye achirevesa. Akange ari kubatana kusingawanzo kweaesthetic uye tsika dzemisimboti, alloy yehunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye nehunhu hwakadzama. (Zak Ya. Talent yakajeka / / LN Oborin: Zvinyorwa. Memoirs. - M., 1977. P. 121.).

G. Tsypin