Shura Cherkassky |

Shura Cherkassky

Pamakonzati emuimbi uyu, vateereri vanowanzova nekunzwa kusinganzwisisike: zvinoita sekunge haisi muimbi ane ruzivo ari kuita pamberi pako, asi mwana mudiki prodigy. Icho chokwadi chekuti pachikuva papiyano pane murume mudiki ane zita rehudiki, rakadzikira, hurefu hunenge hudiki, ane maoko mapfupi uye zvigunwe zvidiki - zvese izvi zvinongoratidzira kushamwaridzana, asi zvinozvarwa nemaitiro emuimbi pachawo. kucherechedzwa kwete chete nekuzvimiririra kwehudiki, asi dzimwe nguva kupusa kwemwana. Kwete, mutambo wake haugone kurambwa rudzi rwekukwana kwakasiyana, kana kukwezva, kunyange kukwezva. Asi kunyange kana ukatorwa, zvakaoma kurega pfungwa yokuti nyika yemanzwiro umo muiti anonyudza iwe haisi yemunhu akura, anoremekedzwa.

Zvichakadaro, nzira yehunyanzvi yeCherkassky inoverengerwa kwemakumi emakore. Aibva kuOdessa, akanga asingaparadzanisiki nemimhanzi kubva pauduku: pazera remakore mashanu akagadzira opera yakakura, pazera gumi akaitisa orchestra yeAmateur uye, zvechokwadi, akaridza piyano kwemaawa akawanda pazuva. Akagamuchira zvidzidzo zvake zvemimhanzi zvekutanga mumhuri, Lidia Cherkasskaya akanga ari pianist uye akaridza muSt. Petersburg, akadzidzisa mimhanzi, pakati pevadzidzi vake ndiye pianist Raymond Leventhal. Muna 1923, mhuri Cherkassky, pashure kufamba kwenguva refu, akagara muUnited States, muguta Baltimore. Pano mudiki virtuoso akakurumidza kuita dhizaini yake pamberi peruzhinji uye akave nebudiriro ine dutu: matikiti ese emakonzati akatevera akatengeswa mumaawa mashoma. Mukomana wacho akashamisa vateereri kwete chete neunyanzvi hwake hwokugadzira, asiwo nemanzwiro enhetembo, uye panguva iyoyo repertoire yake yakatove yakabatanidza mabasa anopfuura mazana maviri (kusanganisira concertos naGrieg, Liszt, Chopin). Pashure pokutanga kwake muNew York (1925), pepanhau reWorld rakati: “Nokurerwa kwokungwarira, zvikurukuru muimwe yedzimba dzokuridza nziyo, Shura Cherkassky anogona kukura mumakore mashomanene kuva shasha yepiyano yechizvarwa chake.” Asi hapana panguva iyo kana gare gare Cherkassky akadzidza zvakarongeka chero kupi zvako, kunze kwemwedzi mishoma yezvidzidzo paCurtis Institute achitungamirirwa naI. Hoffmann. Uye kubva muna 1928 akazvipira zvakakwana kumutambo wekonzati, achikurudzirwa nekuongorora kwakanaka kwezviedza zvepiyano zvakadai saRachmaninov, Godovsky, Paderevsky.

Kubva ipapo, kweanopfuura hafu yezana ramakore, ave ari mu“kushambira” anoramba achi“tuhwina” mugungwa rekonzati, nguva nenguva achishamisa vateereri vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana nemavambo okuridza kwake, zvichikonzera kukakavadzana kukuru pakati pavo, achizvitorera iye chimvuramabwe. miseve yakaoma, kubva pane dzimwe nguva yaasingagoni kudzivirira uye nhumbi dzokurwa dzevateereri vachiombera. Hazvigone kutaurwa kuti kutamba kwake hakuna kuchinja zvachose nekufamba kwenguva: mumakore makumi mashanu, zvishoma nezvishoma, akatanga kuwedzera uye achiramba achigona nzvimbo dzaimbova dzisingasvikike - sonatas uye mikuru mikuru yeMozart, Beethoven, Brahms. Asi zvakadaro, pane zvese, iwo akajairwa kududzira kwake anoramba akafanana, uye mweya werudzi rwekusava nehanya nekunaka, kunyangwe kusava nehanya, unofamba pamusoro pavo. Uye ndizvo zvese - "zvinobuda": kunyangwe zvigunwe zvipfupi, kunyangwe kuita sekunge kushaikwa kwesimba ...

Asi izvi zvinosanganisira kushorwa - kwepamusoro-soro, kuzvida uye kuvavarira mhedzisiro yekunze, kuregeredza zvese netsika dzakasiyana. Joachim Kaiser, somuenzaniso, anodavira kuti: “Munhu ane hunyanzvi akaita saShura Cherkassky anoshingaira, hongu, anokwanisa kushamisa uye kuombera maoko kubva kuvateereri vakangwara – asi panguva imwe chete, kumubvunzo wekuti tinoridza piyano nhasi, kana kuti. kuti tsika yemazuva ano inopindirana sei nehunyanzvi hwezvinyorwa zvepiyano, kushingairira kwaCherkassky hakugone kupa mhinduro.

Vatsoropodzi vanotaura - uye kwete pasina chikonzero - nezve "kuravira kwe cabaret", nezve kunyanyisa kwe subjectivism, nezve rusununguko mukubata chinyorwa chemunyori, nezve stylistic kusaenzana. Asi Cherkassky haana hanya nekuchena kwemaitiro, kuvimbika kwechirevo - anongotamba, anotamba nzira yaanonzwa nayo mimhanzi, zviri nyore uye zvakasikwa. Saka chii, zvino, kukwezva uye kunakidzwa kwemutambo wake? Kungotsetsenura kwehunyanzvi chete here? Aiwa, hongu, hapana anoshamiswa neizvi ikozvino, uye kunze kwezvo, gumi nemaviri evechidiki virtuosos vanotamba nekukurumidza uye nepamusoro kupfuura Cherkassky. Simba rake, muchidimbu, riri mukungoitika kwekunzwa, kunaka kweruzha, uye zvakare mune chinhu chekushamisika icho kuridza kwake kunogara kuchitakura, mukukwanisa kwemupiyano "kuverenga pakati pemitsetse." Ehe, mumachira makuru izvi kazhinji hazvina kukwana - zvinoda mwero, huzivi hwehuchenjeri, kuverenga uye kuburitsa pfungwa dzemunyori mukuoma kwavo kwese. Asi kunyange pano muCherkassky dzimwe nguva anoyemura nguva dzakazara nekutanga uye runako, zvinoshamisa zvinowanikwa, kunyanya mu sonatas yaHaydn uye yekutanga Mozart. Pedyo nemaitiro ake mimhanzi yevanodanana uye vanyori vemazuva ano. Izvi zvakazara nekureruka uye nhetembo "Carnival" naSchumann, sonatas uye fantasies naMendelssohn, Schubert, Schumann, "Islamei" naBalakirev, uye pakupedzisira, sonatas naProkofiev uye "Petrushka" naStravinsky. Kana iri piyano madiki, pano Cherkassky anogara ari muchikamu chake, uye mune ichi chinhu kune vashoma vakaenzana naye. Senge pasina mumwe munhu, anoziva nzira yekuwana zvinofadza, kusimbisa manzwi eparutivi, kutanga kutamba kunokwezva, kuwana hunyanzvi hwekuita mumitambo yaRachmaninoff naRubinstein, Poulenc's Toccata uye Mann-Zucca's "Training the Zuave", Albéniz's "Tango" uye. zvakawanda zvezvimwe "zvinhu zvidiki" zvinoshamisa.

Zvechokwadi, ichi hachisi chinhu chikuru muunyanzvi hwepianoforte; mukurumbira wenyanzvi huru hauwanzo kuvakwa pane izvi. Asi akadaro Cherkassky - uye iye, kunze, ane "kodzero yekuvapo." Uye kana uchinge wajaira kutamba kwake, unotanga wazvisarudzira kuwana zvinoyevedza mune dzimwe dudziro dzake, unotanga kunzwisisa kuti muimbi ane hunhu hwake, hwakasiyana uye hwakasimba. Uye ipapo kutamba kwake hakuchakonzeri kushatirwa, unoda kumuteerera zvakare uye zvakare, kunyange uchiziva nezvezvinogumira zvehunyanzvi zvemuimbi. Wobva wanzwisisa kuti sei vamwe vatsoropodzi vakanyanya uye vanonzwisisa piyano vakaiisa zvakanyanya, idaidze, saR. Kammerer, "mugari wenhaka yejasi reI. Hoffman". Nokuda kweizvi, chokwadi, pane zvikonzero. "Cherkassky," akanyora kudaro B. Jacobs mukupera kwe70s ndeimwe yematarenda ekutanga, inyanzvi yepakutanga uye, sevamwe vamwe mune iyi nhamba diki, iri padyo zvakanyanya kune zvatiri kungoziva zvakare semweya wechokwadi wevakuru vakuru uye romantics kupfuura. zvakawanda "zvinoyevedza" zvisikwa zveyakaomeswa kuravira mwero wepakati pezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Uyu mweya unofungidzira rusununguko rwekusika rwemuiti, kunyange zvazvo rusununguko urwu rusingafaniri kuvhiringidzwa nekodzero yehutongi. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinobvumirana nekuongorora kwakakwirira kwakadaro kwenyanzvi. Heano mamwe maonero maviri ane chiremera. Nyanzvi yemimhanzi K. AT. Kürten anonyora kuti: “Kuridza kwake keyboard kunofadza hakusi kwerudzi rune chokuita nemitambo kupfuura unyanzvi. Simba rake rine dutu, maitiro asina kunaka, hunyanzvi hwepiyano huri pabasa remimhanzi inoshanduka. Cantilena inotumbuka pasi pemaoko aCherkassky. Anokwanisa kupendesa zvikamu zvinononoka mumavara anonzwika ane ruzha, uye, sevamwe vashoma, anoziva zvakawanda nezve rhythmic subtleties. Asi munguva dzinoshamisa kwazvo, anochengeta kupenya kwakakosha kwepiyano acrobatics, izvo zvinoita kuti mutereri ashamiswe nekushamisika: murume mudiki uyu, asina simba anowana kupi simba rinoshamisa uye kusimba kwakanyanya kunomubvumira kukunda nekukunda kwese kwakakwirira kwehunhu? "Paganini Piano" inodaidzwa zvakakodzera kuti Cherkassky nekuda kwemashiripiti ake. Kurova kwechifananidzo cheakasarudzika anotsigirwa naE. Orga: “Paanogona napo, Cherkassky ishasha yepiyano, uye anounza mukududzira kwake chitaera nemaitiro asingakanganisike. Touché, pedalization, phrasing, manzwiro echimiro, kutaura kwemitsara yechipiri, kukudzwa kwezviito, kushamwaridzana kwenhetembo - zvose izvi zviri musimba rake. Anobatana nepiyano, asingamboregi ichimukunda; anotaura nenzwi rakasununguka. Asingambotsvaga kuita chero chinhu chinokakavara, zvisinei haatarise pamusoro. Kudzikama kwake uye kugadzikana kunopedzisa iyi XNUMX% kugona kuita dhizaini huru. Pamwe haana hungwaru hwakakasharara uye simba rakakwana ratinowana, toti, Arrau; haana runako runopisa rweHorowitz. Asi semuimbi, anowana mutauro wakajairika neruzhinji nenzira iyo kunyange Kempf isingasvikike. Uye mukubudirira kwake kwepamusoro ane kubudirira kwakafanana naRubinstein. Somuenzaniso, muzvidimbu zvakaita seTango yaAlbéniz, anopa mienzaniso isingagoni kupfuudzwa.

Kakawanda - munguva yehondo isati yatanga uye muma70-80s, muimbi akauya kuU.SR, uye vateereri veRussia vaigona kuzvionera hunyanzvi hwavo, vachinyatsoongorora kuti ndeipi nzvimbo yemuimbi uyu asina kujairika mune inoyevedza panorama yepiyano. art yemazuva edu.

Kubva kuma1950 Cherkassky akagara muLondon, kwaakafira muna 1995. Akavigwa paHighgate Cemetery muLondon.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.