Arvo Avgustovich Pärt |
Arvo Chikamu
Arvo Pärt ndomumwe wevanyori vakadzama uye vezvemweya venguva yedu, muimbi wekutendiswa kukuru kwemukati uye kureruka kwakapusa. Ari padanho nevanyori vakatanhamara vemazuva ano saA. Schnittke, S. Gubaidulina, G. Kancheli, E. Denisov. Akatanga kuwana mukurumbira mu50s, achigadzira muchimiro chefashion neoclassicism, ndokuzoedza neavant-garde yese arsenal - serial technique, sonorics, polystylistics; mumwe wekutanga pakati pevanyori veSoviet akatendeukira kune aleatorics uye collage. Pakati pemabasa emakore iwayo - "Obituary" ye symphony orchestra, mutambo we "Perpetuum mobile", wakatsaurirwa kuna Luigi Nono; “Collage padingindira rekuti BACH”, Second Symphony, cello concerto “Pro et contra”, cantata “Credo” (pamashoko anobva muMharidzo yepaGomo). Mukupera kwema60s, zvisingatarisirwi kumunhu wese, Pärt akasiya avant-garde uye akanyora chero chinhu kwemakore masere (8 chete symphonies yakaonekwa).
Kubva pakutanga kwema1970s, munyori anga achishingairira kudzidza mimhanzi yekutanga pamwe nekubatana neHortus musicus ensemble. Kuzivana naGregorian chant uye medieval polyphony yakasarudza kutungamira kwekugadzira kwemunyori kushanduka kune diatonicity, modality uye euphony. “Nziyo dzaGregory dzakandidzidzisa icho chakavanzika chomuchadenga chakavanzwa muunyanzvi hwokubatanidza manotsi maviri kana kuti matatu,” munyori wacho akasimbisa kudaro. Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, kuumba mimhanzi kunova kwaPärt rudzi rwesevhisi yepamusoro, kuzvininipisa uye kuzviramba.
Munyori wacho akadana manyorerwo ake matsva, akavakirwa pazvinonzwika zviri nyore zvikuru, tintinnabuli (lat. mabhero) uye akairondedzera so“kupukunyuka muurombo hwokuzvidira.” Zvisinei, mimhanzi yake "yakareruka", "yakashata" uye sezviri pachena inonyadzisa yakaoma uye yakanyatsogadzirwa. Muimbi wacho akaramba achitaura pfungwa yokuti kwete mimhanzi chete, asiwo cosmos inotungamirirwa nenhamba, "uye nhamba iyi, inoratidzika kwandiri, ndeimwe. Asi zvakavanzwa, unofanira kuenda kwazviri, fungidzira, zvikasadaro ticharasika mumhirizhonga. " Nhamba yePärt haisi chikamu chehuzivi chete, asi zvakare inotarisa zviyero zvekuumbwa uye chimiro.
Mabasa ekutanga epakati pe70s, akagadzirwa muchimiro che "nyowani nyore" - Arbos, Fraters, Summa, Tabula rasa nevamwe vakaunza Pärt mukurumbira wepasirese uye anoitwa zvakanyanya. Mushure mekutama kubva kuSoviet Union (1980), Pärt anogara muBerlin uye anonyora zvinenge mimhanzi inoera kuzvinyorwa zvechiKatorike neOrthodox (muna 1972 munyori akatendeukira kukutenda kweOrthodox). Pakati pavo: Stabat Mater, Berlin mass, "Rwiyo rweSilouan" (Monk of Athos), Cantus mukurangarira B. Britten, Te Deum, Miserere, Magnificat, "Rwiyo rwePilgrimage", "Zvino ndava kuenda kwauri", "Nzira yangu iri mumakomo nemipata", "Mukadzi Wedu weMhandara", "Ndini muzambiringa wechokwadi" nevamwe vazhinji.
Kunobva: meloman.ru
