Boris Tischenko |

Boris Tischenko

Chakanyanya kunaka…hachisi chimwe chinhu kunze kweruzivo rwechokwadi kubva kune zvikonzero zvayo zvekutanga. R. Descartes

B. Tishchenko ndomumwe wevanyori vakakurumbira veSoviet vezera repashure pehondo. Ndiye munyori wevakakurumbira ballets "Yaroslavna", "Vane Gumi neVaviri"; danho rinoshanda richibva pamashoko aK. Chukovsky: "The Fly-Sokotukha", "The Stolen Sun", "Cockroach". Munyori akanyora nhamba huru yemabasa makuru emitambo - 5 isina-programmed symphonies (kusanganisira pachiteshi naM. Tsvetaeva), "Sinfonia robusta", iyo symphony "Chronicle of the Siege"; makonzati epiyano, cello, violin, rudimbwa; 5 tambo quartets; 8 piano sonatas (kusanganisira Yechinomwe - ine mabhero); 2 violin sonatas, nezvimwewo. Tishchenko's vocal music inosanganisira Nziyo shanu paSt. O. Driz; Zvinodiwa zvesoprano, tenor uye orchestra paSt. A. Akhmatova; "Testamende" ye soprano, mbira uye ogani paSt. N. Zabolotsky; Cantata "Garden of Music" paSt. A. Kushner. Akaronga "Nhetembo ina dzeCaptain Lebyadkin" naD. Shostakovich. Muimbi wePeru inosanganisirawo mimhanzi yemafirimu "Suzdal", "Rufu rwePushkin", "Igor Savvovich", yemutambo we "Moyo wembwa".

Tishchenko akapedza kudzidza kubva kuLeningrad Conservatory (1962-63), vadzidzisi vake mukuumbwa vaiva V. Salmanov, V. Voloshin, O. Evlakhov, muchikoro chechikoro - D. Shostakovich, mupiyano - A. Logovinsky. Iye zvino iye pachake ari purofesa paLeningrad Conservatory.

Tishchenko akakura semuimbi achiri mudiki - aine makore gumi nemasere akanyora Violin Concerto, aine makore makumi maviri - Yechipiri Quartet, yaive pakati pezvakanakisa nziyo. Mubasa rake, mutsara wekare uye mutsara wemazuva ano ekutaura kwemanzwiro akamira zvakanyanya. Nenzira itsva, kujekesa mifananidzo yenhoroondo yekare yeRussia uye ngano yeRussia, munyori anoyemura ruvara rwechinyakare, anotsvaka kuburitsa maonero enyika akakurumbira akavepo kwemazana emakore (ballet Yaroslavna - 18, Third Symphony - 20, zvikamu zve. wechipiri (1974), Third Quartets (1966), Third Piano Sonata - 1959). Rwiyo rwekuRussia runorembera rwaTishchenko rwuri rwemweya uye rwakanaka. Kunzwisisa kwezvikamu zvakadzika zvetsika yenyika yakabvumira munyori muTatu Symphony kuti agadzire rudzi rutsva rwemimhanzi - sezviri, "symphony of tunes"; uko mucheka we orchestral unorukwa kubva kumifananidzo yezviridzwa. Mumhanzi unofadza wekupedzisira we symphony unobatanidzwa nemufananidzo wenhetembo yaN. Rubtsov - "nyika yangu yakanyarara". Zvinokosha kuziva kuti nyika yekare yakakwezva Tishchenko zvakare maererano netsika yekuMabvazuva, kunyanya nekuda kwekudzidza kwekare mimhanzi yeJapan "gagaku". Achinzwisisa izvo chaizvo zverudzi rweRussia uye yekare Eastern worldview, munyori akagadzira muchimiro chake chakasarudzika rudzi rwemimhanzi - kufungisisa statics, umo shanduko yemhando yemimhanzi inoitika zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvishoma nezvishoma (yakareba cello solo muFirst Cello. Concerto – 1970).

Mune embodiment yezvakajairwa kwezana ramakore reXX. mifananidzo yekurwa, kukunda, kutyisa kunotyisa, kushushikana kwakanyanya kwemweya, Tishchenko anoita semutsivi wemitambo yesymphonic yemudzidzisi wake Shostakovich. Kunyanya kushamisa panyaya iyi ndeye Fourth and Fifth Symphonies (1974 na1976).

The Fourth Symphony ine chishuwo chakanyanya - yakanyorerwa vaimbi zana nemakumi mana nevashanu uye muverengi ane maikorofoni uye ine urefu hweinodarika awa nehafu (kureva kuti, symphony concerto yese). The Fifth Symphony yakatsaurirwa kuna Shostakovich uye yakananga inoenderera mberi nemufananidzo wemimhanzi yake - imperious oratorical kuzivisa, feverish pressure, climaxes inosuruvarisa, uye pamwe neizvi - marefu monologues. Inopindirana ne-monogram-monogram yeShostakovich (D-(e) S-С-Н), inosanganisira zvinyorwa kubva kumabasa ake (kubva kuEighth uye Gumi Symphonies, Sonata yeViola, nezvimwewo), uyewo kubva ku mabasa eTishchenko (kubva kuThird Symphony, yeFifth Piano Sonata, Piano Concerto). Iyi imhando yenhaurirano pakati pemudiki wemazuva ano uye mukuru, "relay dzinza rezvizvarwa".

Maonero kubva kumumhanzi waShostakovich airatidzwawo mune maviri sonatas yeviolin uye piano (1957 na1975). MuSecond Sonata, mufananidzo mukuru unotanga uye unopedza basa ishoko rinonzwisa tsitsi. Iyi sonata haina kujairika mukuumbwa - ine zvikamu zvinomwe, izvo zvisinganzwisisike zvinogadzira zvine musoro "framework" (Prelude, Sonata, Aria, Postlude), uye kunyange iwo anoratidza "nguva" (Intermezzo I, II. , III mu presto tempo). Ballet "Yaroslavna" ("Eclipse") yakanyorwa zvichibva pane yakatanhamara zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zveAncient Russia - "Tale of Igor's Campaign" (yakasununguka naO. Vinogradov).

Iyo orchestra mu ballet inowedzerwa nechikamu chekwaya chinosimudzira yekuRussia inonaka. Mukupesana nekududzirwa kwechirongwa muA. Borodin's opera "Prince Igor", muimbi wezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. nhamo yekukundwa kwemauto aIgor inosimbiswa. Mutauro wekutanga wemumhanzi weBallet unosanganisira nziyo dzakakasharara dzinonzwika kubva kukwaya yechirume, ruzha runotyisa rwemushandirapamwe wemauto, kuchema "kuchema" kubva kuimba yekuimba ("Steppe of Death"), mhepo inotyisa, inoyeuchidza ruzha rwe. tsitsi.

Yekutanga Concerto yeCello uye Orchestra ine yakakosha pfungwa. “Chimwe chinhu chakafanana netsamba kushamwari,” munyori wacho akadaro nezvake. Rudzi rutsva rwekuvandudzwa kwemimhanzi rwunoonekwa mukuumbwa, rwakafanana nekukura kwechirimwa kubva pazviyo. Concerto inotanga neruzha rumwechete rwesello, rwunowedzera kuwedzera kuita "spurs, shoots." Sokunge kuti pacharo, rwiyo runoberekwa, ruchiva rwiyo rumwe rwomunyori, “kureurura kwomweya.” Uye mushure mekutanga kwerondedzero, munyori anoisa dhirama rine dutu, rine mhedziso yakapinza, inoteverwa nekuenda kunharaunda yekufungisisa kwakajekeswa. "Ndinoziva yekutanga cello concerto yaTishchenko nemusoro," akadaro Shostakovich. Kufanana nemabasa ese ekunyora emakumi emakore ekupedzisira ezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, mimhanzi yaTishchenko inoshanduka ichienda kuimba, iyo inodzokera kumashure kwehunyanzvi hwemimhanzi.

V. Kholopova