Charles Munch |
Charles Munch
Chete pakukura, paakanga ava nemakore anenge makumi mana, Charles Munsch akava kondakita. Asi chokwadi chokuti makore mashomanana chete anoparadzanisa kutanga kwemuiti kubva pakuzivikanwa kwake kwakakura hakusi netsaona. Upenyu hwake hwose hwekare kubvira pakutanga hwakanga huzere nemimhanzi uye hwakava, sokunge zvakadaro, hwaro hwebasa romutungamiriri.
Munsch akaberekerwa muStrasbourg, mwanakomana weanoimba wechechi. Vese vanun'una vake vana nehanzvadzi mbiri, saiye, vaivewo vaimbi. Chokwadi, pane imwe nguva Charles akaberekwa kuti adzidzire zvokurapa, asi nokukurumidza akasarudza zvakasimba kuva mutambi weviolin. Kare muna 1912, akapa konzati yake yokutanga muStrasbourg, uye pashure pokunge apedza kudzidza muimba yokusimbisa mitezo, akaenda kuParis kunodzidza naLucien Capet ane mukurumbira. Munguva yehondo, Munsch akashanda muuto uye akagurwa kubva kune unyanzvi kwenguva yakareba. Pashure pokunge adzingwa, muna 1920 akatanga kushanda somuperekedzi weStrasbourg Orchestra uye achidzidzisa panzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka yomunzvimbomo. Gare gare, muimbi akabata chinzvimbo chakafanana mumaokestra ePrague neLeipzig. Apa aitamba nemakondakita akadai saV. Furtwangler, B. Walter, uye kekutanga akamira panokwirirwa kondakita.
Mukutanga kwemakumi matatu, Munsch akatamira kuFrance uye munguva pfupi akabuda semurairidzi ane chipo. Akatamba neParis Symphony Orchestra, akaitisa Lamoureux Concertos, uye akatenderera nyika nekunze. Muna 1937-1945, Munsch akaita makonzati pamwe neimba yeParis Conservatory, yakaramba iri munzvimbo iyi panguva yebasa. Mumakore akaoma, akaramba kushandira pamwe nevapambi uye akabatsira bato rokupikisa.
Nguva ichangopera hondo, Munsch kaviri - kutanga ari oga uyezve neFrench radio orchestra - yakaitwa muUnited States. Panguva imwecheteyo, akakokwa kuti atore kubva kune akarega Sergei Koussevitzky semutungamiriri weBoston Orchestra. Saka "zvisingaonekwi" Munsch aive pamusoro peimwe yeakanakisa orchestra munyika.
Mumakore ake aine Boston Orchestra (1949-1962), Munsch akaratidza kuva muimbi ane zvakawanda-siyana, ane ruzivo rwakakura uye ane ruzivo rwakakura. Kuwedzera kune repertoire yechinyakare, akapfumisa zvirongwa zvechikwata chake neakawanda emimhanzi yemazuva ano, akaita akawanda emhando dzekwaya naBach, Berlioz, Schubert, Honegger, Debussy. Kaviri Munsch nechikwata chake vakaita nzendo huru dzeEurope. Muchikamu chechipiri, boka racho rakapa makonti akawanda muU.SR, apo Munsch akazotamba zvakare neSoviet orchestras. Vatsoropodzi vakarumbidza unyanzvi hwake. E. Ratser akanyora mumagazini yeSoviet Music, kuti: “Murangariro mukurusa mumakonzati eMunsch unoramba, zvichida, mupesvedzero younhu hwomuimbi umene. Chitarisiko chake chose chinofema chivimbo chakadzikama uye panguva imwe chete nyasha dzababa. Pachikuva, anogadzira mamiriro ekugadzira kusunungurwa. Achiratidza kusimba kwechido, chinorayira, haambomanikidzi zvishuvo zvake. Simba rake riri mubasa rekuzvipira kune unyanzvi hwake hwaanoda: paanenge achiitisa, Munsch anozvipira zvachose kumumhanzi. The orchestra, vateereri, anokwezva zvikuru nokuti iye pachake ane shungu. Kushingairira kwechokwadi, kufara. Maari, sezvakaita Arthur Rubinstein (vanenge vakaenzana zera), kudziya kwehuduku hwemweya kunorova. Iwo chaiwo anopisa manzwiro, kungwara kwakadzama, huchenjeri hukuru hwehupenyu uye kushingairira kwepwere, hunhu hwehupfumi hwehunyanzvi hweMunsch, hunoonekwa pamberi pedu mubasa rega rega mune mitsva uye mitsva mitsva nemisanganiswa. Uye, chaizvo, pese pazvinenge zvichiita sekuti conductor ane chaiyo mhando inonyanya kudiwa pakuita basa iri. Zvose izvi zvinonyatsoratidzwa mukududzirwa kwaMunsch kwemimhanzi yeFrench, iyo yaiva rutivi rwakasimba rwekusika kwake. Mabasa aRameau, Berlioz, Debussy, Ravel, Roussel nevamwe vanyori venguva dzakasiyana vakawana maari muturikiri akajeka uye akafuridzirwa, anokwanisa kutaurira muteereri kunaka kwose uye kufemerwa kwemimhanzi yevanhu vake. Muimbi uyu aive akabudirira zvishoma mupedyo-up classical symphonies.
Mumakore achangopfuura, Charles Munch, achibva kuBoston, akadzokera kuEurope. Achigara muFrance, akaenderera mberi nemitambo yekonzati nekudzidzisa, achifarira kuzivikanwa kwakapararira. Muimbi ane bhuku re autobiographical "Ndiri kondakita", rakabudiswa muna 1960 mukushandurwa kweRussia.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek
