Vasily Polikarpovich Titov |
Vasily Titov
Mimhanzi… inoshongedza mazwi ehumwari nemaungira ewirirano, inofadza mwoyo, inounza mufaro kumweya nekuimba kutsvene. Ioanniky Korenev Treatise "Music", 1671
Kuchinja kweunyanzvi hwemumba yezana remakore re1678, iyo yakaratidza kuuya kweNew Age, yakakanganisawo mimhanzi: muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore, mazita evanyori - masters ekunyora kwezvikamu akazozivikanwa muRussia. Yakanga iri maitiro ezvikamu - kuimba kwakasiyana-siyana, kwakavhurika manzwiro ekwaya kwemanzwi akati wandei - izvo zvakavhura mukana wekuumbwa kwehunhu hwemunyori. Pakati pemazita evanyori ayo nhoroondo yakaunzwa kwatiri kubva muzana ramakore re1686. pamwe naNikolai Diletsky, Vasily Titov anosiyaniswa nehukuru hwetarenda uye kubereka. Kududzwa kwekutanga kwezita raTitov kunoitika muna 1687 pakanyorwa vaimbi vekwaya yamambo. Tichifunga nezve data rekuchengetera, muimbi munguva pfupi yakatevera akatora chinzvimbo chekutungamira mukwaya - zviri pachena, kuvonga kwete chete kuimba, asiwo nekunyora tarenda. Muna XNUMX kana XNUMX Titov akagadzira mimhanzi yaSimeon Polotsky's Nhetembo Psalter. Ikopi yeichi chinyorwa nekuzvipira yakapihwa nemunyori kumutongi, Princess Sophia:
... Psalter Ichangobva kuburitswa Yakanyorwa kumbiri yaMwari: Ichangobva kunyora manotsi, Kumupa Musikana Akachenjera, Kubva kuna Vasily mudhikoni muimbi, Titov, muranda wavo akazvininipisa…
Kusvikira muna 1698, Titov akapfuurira kushanda semunyori wekuimba, ipapo akanga ari inspector muMoscow City Hall uye, zvichida, aitarisira chikoro chekuimba. Gwaro ra1704 rinotibvumira kufunga izvi, rinoti: “Vari kubira vaimbi vakatorwa kuTitov, vanorayira vaimbi kuti vadzidzise gaboes nezvimwe zviridzwa, chokwadika, nokushingaira, uye vanorayira kuti mumwe munhu atarisire. navo nokusingaperi.” Sezviri pachena, tiri kutaura nezvekudzidziswa kwevaimbi vechidiki. Manyoro ekutanga kweXVII-XVIII mazana emakore. anodanawo Titov kuti "tenzi wehumambo paMuponesi muNova" (kureva, mune imwe yemacathedrals eMoscow Kremlin) "mabharani ari pamusoro." Iko hakuna zvinyorwa zvinyorwa nezve mamwe mafambiro emuimbi. Zvinongozivikanwa kuti Titov akanyora festive choral konzati mukukudza Poltava kukunda vokuSweden (1709). Vamwe vatsvakurudzi, vachitevera munyori wenhoroondo yemimhanzi N. Findeisen, vanoti zuva rekufa kwaTitov ringangodaro muna 1715.
Basa raTitov rakakura rinofukidza mhando dzakasiyana dzezvikamu zvekuimba. Kuvimba neruzivo rwechizvarwa chekare chevatenzi vezvikamu zvekunyora - Diletsky, Davidovich, S. Pekalitsky - Titov anopa zvikoro zvake zvekorori kubwinya kwebaroque uye juiciness. Mimhanzi yake iri kufarirwa nevakawanda. Izvi zvinogona kutongwa nemazita akawanda emabasa aTitov, akachengetedzwa mune zvakawanda zvinyorwa zvinyorwa.
Muimbi akagadzira anopfuura mazana maviri emabasa makuru, anosanganisira akadai semasevhisi sevhisi (liturgy), Dogmatics, Amai vaMwari Svondo, pamwe nemakonzati ezvikamu zvakawanda (anenge zana). Zvakaoma kuziva nhamba chaiyo yezvinyorwa zveTitov, sezvo muzvinyorwa zvemimhanzi zvezana remakore rechi200-100. kazhinji zita remunyori harina kutaurwa. Muimbi akashandisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuimba ensembles: kubva kune akapfava matatu-chikamu ensemble yeKantian mhando mu "Poetic Psalter" kune polyphonic choir, kusanganisira 12, 16 uye kunyange 24 manzwi. Sezvo ari muimbi ane ruzivo, Titov akanzwisisa zvakadzama zvakavanzika zvekutaura, akapfuma mune nuances yekwaya inonzwika. Kunyange zvazvo pasina zviridzwa zvinobatanidzwa mumabasa ake, kushandiswa kweunyanzvi kwemikana yekwaya kunogadzira juicy, multi-timbral sound palette. Kubwinya kwekunyora kwekwaya kunonyanya hunhu hwemapartes concertos, umo matauriro ane simba ekwaya anokwikwidzana neakajeka ensembles emazwi akasiyana, marudzi akasiyana epolyphony anofananidzwa zvinobudirira, uye misiyano yemamodhi uye saizi inomuka. Achishandisa zvinyorwa zvechitendero, munyori akakwanisa kukunda zvikanganiso zvavo uye kugadzira mimhanzi yechokwadi uye yakazara, yakanyorerwa munhu. Muenzaniso weiyi konzati "Rtsy Us Now", iyo nenzira yekufananidzira inokudza kukunda kwezvombo zveRussia muHondo yePoltava. Yazadzwa nepfungwa yokupembera kunopenya, ichiratidza nounyanzvi manzwiro okufara kwevanhu vakawanda, koniti iyi yakabata mhinduro yakananga yomunyori kuchiitiko chinokosha zvikuru chenguva yake. Manzwiro ehupenyu uye kutendeseka kwemimhanzi yaTitov inochengetedza simba ravo rekuita kune muteereri kunyange nhasi.
N. Zabolotnaya
