Heinrich Schütz |

Heinrich Schuetz

Schutz. Kleine geistliche konzerte. "O Herr, hilf" (orchestra nekwaya inotungamirirwa naWilhelm Echmann)

Mufaro wevatorwa, chiedza cheGermany, chapel, Mudzidzisi akasarudzwa. Kunyorwa paguva raG. Schütz muDresden

H. Schutz anotora munziyo dzeGermany nzvimbo yerukudzo yatateguru, “baba venziyo itsva dzeGermany” (kuratidzwa kwomunguva yake). Iyo gallery yevanyori vakuru vakaunza mukurumbira wepasi rose kuGermany inotanga nayo, uye nzira yakananga kuJS Bach inotsanangurwa zvakare.

Schutz akararama munguva yakanga isingawanzoitiki maererano nekuzara neEurope uye zviitiko zvepasi rose, shanduko, kutanga kwekuverenga kutsva munhoroondo uye tsika. Upenyu hwake hurefu hwaisanganisira zviitiko zvakadaro zvinotaura nezvekuzorora munguva, magumo uye kutanga, sekupiswa kwaG. Bruno, kubviswa kwaG. Galileo, kutanga kwemabasa aI. Newton naGV Leibniz, kusikwa kwe Hamlet uye Don Quixote. Chinzvimbo chaSchutz panguva ino yeshanduko hachisi mukugadzirwa kwechitsva, asi mukubatanidzwa kweakapfuma akaturikidzana etsika kubva kuMiddle Ages, nekubudirira kuchangoburwa kwakauya kubva kuItaly. Akagadzira nzira nyowani yekusimudzira yekudzokera kumashure mumhanzi Germany.

Vaimbi veGermany vakaona Schutze seMudzidzisi, kunyange asina kuva vadzidzi vake mupfungwa chaiyo yezwi. Kunyange zvazvo vadzidzi chaivo vakapfuuridzira basa raakatanga munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzetsika dzenyika, akasiya zvakawanda. Schutz akaita zvakawanda kukudziridza hupenyu hwemimhanzi muGermany, kupa mazano, kuronga nekushandura zvakasiyana-siyana zvemachechi (pakanga pasina kushomeka kwekukoka). Uye izvi zviri kuwedzera kune basa rake refu semubati webhendi mune rimwe rematare ekutanga emimhanzi muEurope - muDresden, uye kwemakore akati wandei - mune yakakurumbira Copenhagen.

Mudzidzisi wavaGermany vose, akapfuurira kudzidza kuna vamwe kunyange mumakore ake akura. Saka, akaenda kaviri kuVenice kuti avandudze: muhuduku hwake akadzidza nemukurumbira G. Gabrieli uye atova tenzi anozivikanwa akaziva zvakawanikwa naC. Monteverdi. Muimbi anoshingaira, murongi webhizimisi uye musayendisiti, uyo akasiya mabasa anokosha edzidziso akanyorwa nemudzidzi wake waaida K. Bernhard, Schutz akanga ari maonero aishuviwa nevanyori vemazuva ano vokuGermany. Akanga akasiyaniswa nezivo yakadzama muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, mune zvakawanda zvevatauriri vake vaiva vadetembi veGermany vakatanhamara M. Opitz, P. Fleming, I. Rist, pamwe chete nemagweta anozivikanwa zvikuru, vafundisi, uye masayendisiti echisikigo. Zvinoda kuziva kuti kusarudzwa kwekupedzisira kwebasa remuimbi kwakaitwa naSchütz chete pazera remakore makumi matatu, izvo, zvisinei, zvakakanganiswawo nekuda kwevabereki vake, avo vakarota kumuona segweta. Schütz akatopinda hurukuro dzezvemitemo pamayunivhesiti eMarburg neLeipzig.

Nhaka yekugadzira yemunyori yakakura kwazvo. Nziyo dzinenge 500 dzakararama, uye izvi, sezvinokarakadzwa nenyanzvi, zvinongova zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvezvaakanyora. Schütz akaumbwa pasinei nematambudziko akawanda uye kurasikirwa kusvika pakukwegura. Pazera remakore 86, ari pedyo nekufa uye kunyange kutarisira mimhanzi inonzwika pamariro ake, akagadzira imwe yenziyo dzake dzakanakisisa - "German Magnificat". Kunyangwe mimhanzi yaSchutz chete ichizivikanwa, nhaka yake inoshamisa mukusiyana kwayo. Ndiye munyori weanonakidza madrigals echiItaly uye nyaya dzeevhangeri dzeascetic, inonakidza monologues uye anoshamisa mapisarema akawanda-kwaya. Ndiye muridzi wekutanga wechiGerman opera, ballet (nekuimba) uye oratorio. Nhungamiro huru yebasa rake, zvisinei, inobatanidzwa nemimhanzi inoera kune zvinyorwa zveBhaibheri (makonzati, motets, chants, nezvimwewo), iyo yaienderana nehunhu hwechiGerman tsika yenguva iyoyo inoshamisa yeGermany uye zvinodikanwa zve mativi makuru evanhu. Mushure mezvose, chikamu chakakosha chenzira yekusika yeSchutz yakaenderera munguva yeHondo Yemakore Makumi Matatu, inoshamisa muhutsinye uye simba rinoparadza. Maererano negamuchidzanwa refu rechiPurotesitendi, akaita mumabasa ake zvikurukuru kwete somuimbi, asi somuperekedzi, muparidzi, achiedza kumutsa nokusimbisa mirangariro yetsika dzakakwirira muvateereri vake, kupikisa kutyisa kwechokwadi noushingi nohunhu.

Iwo epic epic toni yeakawanda emabasa aSchutz dzimwe nguva anogona kuita seakaoma, akaoma, asi mapeji epamusoro ebasa rake achiri kubata nekuchena uye kutaura, ukuru uye hunhu. Mune izvi vane chimwe chinhu chakafanana nemachira eRembrandt - muimbi, maererano nevakawanda, anoziva Schutz uye akatomuita mufananidzo we "Mufananidzo weMuimbi".

O. Zakharova