Diatonic |

kubva muchiGiriki dia - kuburikidza, pamwe chete uye tonos - toni (inzwi rose), mavara - achienda pamwe chete nematoni

A manomwe-sound system, manzwi ese anogona kurongwa muzvikamu zvishanu zvakakwana. Zvakadai, semuenzaniso, kutevedzana kwezvinhanho mune chimwe chiGiriki. diatonic tetrachord: e1 - d1 - c1 - h (matoni maviri akazara uye semitone), kusiyana nekutevedzana kwechromatic intervals. tetrachord e1 - des1 - c 1 - h (hapana matani akazara). Diatonic ndiyo idzo nguva uye chords inogona kuwanikwa mukati meketani yezvishanu zvishanu (muenzaniso unopiwa mukiyi yeC-dur):

(dzimwe nguva tritone seyakasiyana yechina yakachena kana yechishanu yakachena inotorwa kwete se diatonic, asi senge chromatic interval).

Pane hukama hwakasimba pakati pehuwandu hwenguva dzemhando imwe chete nenhamba yenhanho yechishanu (Q) inoumba nhanho iyi muchidimbu D. pakati pehuwandu hwemanzwi muhurongwa uye nhamba yematanho echishanu:

h. prima, h. octave (0Q) inoitika kanomwe (7-7), h. yechishanu, h. quart (0Q) inoitika katanhatu (1-6), b. chechipiri, m. yechinomwe (7Q) inoitika kashanu (1-2), b. wechitanhatu, m. chetatu (5Q) chinoitika kana (7-2), b. chechitatu, m. yechitanhatu (3Q) inoitika katatu (4-7), b. wechinomwe, m. yechipiri (3Q) inoitika 4 nguva (3-7), tritone (4Q) inoitika 5 nguva (2-7).

Nguva dzepakati dzinoonekwawo sedhiatonic mune izvo zviitiko kana zvichiumbwa nematanho akachinjika chromatically (semuenzaniso, as-b idiatonic toni yakazara, kunze kwechirevo uye mukiyi, semuenzaniso, muC-dur). Izvi zvinoshandawo kune chords (semuenzaniso, ges-b-des muC-dur idiatonic chord pane isiri-diatonic scale). Naizvozvo, GL Catoire anosiyanisa chromatic chord. chaizvo (semuenzaniso, d-fis-as-c) uye chromatic. nechinzvimbo (somuenzaniso, des-f-as muC-dur). Mazhinji ekare echiGreek modhi ndeye diatonic, pamwe nemaitiro ekare uye mamwe maitiro echisikigo, kusanganisira iyo ikozvino yakapararira Ionian (yakasikwa huru) uye Aeolian (yakasikwa diki) modhi:

Mupfungwa yakakura, iyo inonzi. conditionally diatonic modes, variable diatonic modes, masisitimu uye zviyero (ona maitiro). Mune mamwe emhando idzi, pamwe chete nematoni uye semitones, kukudza kunopindawo. chepiri.

Anhemitonic pentatonic (maererano neshoko reCatoire, "protodiatonic") uye Middle Ages. hexachords inogona kududzirwa seisina kukwana diatonic. zvirongwa.

Dzimwe nguva 12-sound (12-step) masisitimu anonzi diatonic, nhanho imwe neimwe inobatwa seyakazvimirira. Panguva imwecheteyo, chirevo chakasiyana chinoiswa muchirevo cheD.: D. seti yezvakakosha. matanho (AS Ogolevets, MM Skorik).

Mune chimwe chiGiriki. D. mumhanzi waiva mumwe wevatatu modal moods ("genera"), pamwe chete nechromaticity, iyo yakashandisa masekonzi maviri madiki mumutsara, pamwe nekuwedzera. chechipiri, uye anharmonics, iyo chaiyo yaive nguva isingasviki semitone. MuchiGiriki ichi mimhanzi yakafanana nedzimwe tsika dzekare dzemonophonic, kunyanya dzeNear East neMediterranean.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzeD. dzinoumba hwaro hweWestern Europe. uye Russian folk-song art, pamwe neprof. Mumhanzi weEuropean (Gregorian chant), kunyanya mushure mekubvumidzwa kwepolyphony semhando huru yemimhanzi. presentation. harmonic kubatanidzwa kwemanzwi kunoitwa kunyanya nekubatsirwa kwechiito chekubatanidza chemakonzoni akareruka - yechishanu nechina, uye yechina-quint kuwirirana kwemanzwi kunobatsira pakuratidzwa kwe diatonic. hukama.

Iyo sisitimu yehexachords, yakapararira kubva panguva yeGuido d'Arezzo (ona Solmization), yakagadziriswa mukati megadziriro ye general diatonic. system modal kusiyanisa (kunyanya mumashifiti

-molle uye

-durum, kureva b nah). Kufanana modal kusiyanisa zvakare hunhu hweRussia. mimhanzi yechechi (h pazasi uye b pamusoro, ona "chiyero chemazuva ese" mumuenzaniso uri pamusoro). Zvinechekuita neizvi itsika yekunyora manzwi naDec. mavara akakosha, semuenzaniso. pasina zviratidzo nenzwi rokumusoro uye neine sandara pazasi.

G. de Macho. Ballad 1. Ci comencent les balades ou il ha chant, bars 1-3.

Nekugadzwa kwekutonga kwe "harmonic. tonality”—zvikuru nezviduku (kubvira muzana ramakore rechi 17), rudzi rutsva rwechiridzwa, chakavakirwa pafunc. hurongwa hwematatu makuru matatu - tonics, dominants uye subdominants, yakabatana nehukama hwakasimba hwechishanu. Kudzikamisa centralization yemodhi yakavakirwa pane func. kuwirirana kunotungamirira pakuumbwa kwechitsva chord-harmonic. Kubatana kwematoni eiyo modhi (semuenzaniso, muC-dur, toni d yakabatana neiyo prima ye tonic kuburikidza neiyo huru toni yeinotonga g, toni e - ndeye tonic triad, f - seyo huru toni. weiyo subdominant, nezvimwewo), iyo inowanikwa mukutevedzana kwechords (inoretically inosimbiswa naJF Rameau). Non-diatonic Elements uye chromatics inoumbwa pahwaro hweD. zvose zvinonzwika uye chordally-harmonically nekushandura, kusanganiswa kwezviridzwa zvediatonic zvakasiyana. zvinhu mukutevedzana uye panguva imwe chete (polydiatonic).

Pa19 - kukumbira. Muzana ramakore rechi20, kune rumwe rutivi, yekare D. yakamutsidzirwa uye D. Nar. dura uye pedyo nayo (muF. Chopin, F. Liszt, E. Grieg, K. Debussy, kunyanya muvanyori veRussia - MI Glinka, MA Balakirev, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, MP Mussorgsky nevamwe).

Kune rimwe divi, kune shanduko kune chromaticity sehwaro hwehurefu hwechimiro. Kutanga kwekuita uku kwakaiswa na "Tristan" naR. Wagner. Yakashandurwa zvachose kuita chromatic muzvizhinji. vanyori vezana remakore rechi20, kunyanya vamiririri vechikoro chitsva cheViennese.

AK Lyadov. Nziyo sere dzechiRussian folk. III. Drawstring.

Mumhanzi wezana ramakore rechi20 marudzi akasiyana eD. anoshandiswa: D. nar. warehouse, padhuze nekirasi. makuru uye madiki; D. mu decomp. kugadziriswa, polylady, polydiatonic. kusanganiswa (IF Stravinsky, SV Rachmaninov, SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, B. Bartok). Kazhinji D. inoramba ichingova nheyo, yakawanda kana zvishoma yakafukidzwa (SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, P. Hindemith), kana kuti inoratidzika sechinhu chinokosha che-non-diatonic. zvimiro (diatonic minda yakanyorwa mumaparentheses):

SS Prokofiev. "Kupfimbana muimba yemamongi" ("Duenna"). 2nd mufananidzo, kuguma.

References: Serov AN, rwiyo rwevanhu vekuRussia sechidzidzo chesainzi, "Musical Season", 1869/70, No 18, 1870/71, No 6 uye 13; Petr VI, Pazvinyorwa, zvimiro uye modhi mumimhanzi yekare yechiGiriki, K., 1901; Catuar GL, Theoretical course of harmony, chikamu 1, M., 1924; Tyulin Yu. N., Kudzidzisa pamusoro petsinhirano, chikamu 1, L., 1937, 1966; yake pachake, Natural and alteration modes, M., 1971; Ogolevets AS, Zvinokosha zvemutauro weharmonic, M.-L., 1941; Kastalsky AD, Zvinokosha zvepolyphony yevanhu, M.-L., 1948; Sposobin IV, Elementary theory yemimhanzi, M., 1951, 1958; Kushnarev XS, Mibvunzo yenhoroondo uye dzidziso yeArmenian monodic music, L., 1958; Berkov VO, Harmony, chikamu 1, M., 1962; 1970; Skorik MM, Prokofiev naSchoenberg, "SM", 1962, No 1; Karklin LA, Gadzirisa ruzivo runoshanda, "SM", 1965, No 7; Sohor AH, Pamusoro peMasikirwo uye Anoratidza Mikana yeDiatonicism, mu: Mibvunzo yeTheory uye Aesthetics yeMumhanzi, vol. 4, L.-M., 1965; Sposobin IV, Hurukuro pakufamba kwekuwirirana, M., 1969; Kotlyarevsky IA, Diatonics uye Chromatics seChikamu cheMusical Myslennia, Kipv, 1971; Bochkareva O., Pane dzimwe nzira dze diatonic mumhanzi wemazuva ano, mu: Music and Modernity, vol. 7, M., 1971; Sigitov S., Bela Bartok's modal system yenguva yekupedzisira yekugadzira, muunganidzwa: Matambudziko emodhi, M., 1972.

Yu. H. Kholopov