Ashug |

fire turk love letter - murudo

Nyanzvi mudetembi wevanhu uye muimbi pakati peAzerbaijani, Armenian uye vanhu vavakidzani veUSSR nenyika dzekunze. Sutu yeA. inogadzirwa. Anogadzira nziyo, nhetembo, epic. ngano (dastans), anoimba, achizviperekedza pachake pa saz (Azerbaijan), tar kana kemancha (Armenia). Mukuita kwaA. kunewo zvinhu zvemadhirama. zvirevo (zviso zvechiso, majeti, nezvimwewo). Vamwe A. vanoita chete. Vakatangira A. muAzerbaijan vaiva ozans (mamwe mazita - Shuara, Dede, Yangshag, etc.); muArmenia - gusans (mtrup-gusans, tagerku).

Ruzivo rwekutanga nezve A. rwuri muruwoko. vanyori venhau dzakaitika Movses Khorenatsi, Pavstos Buzand, Yeghishe nevamwe, muAzerbaijan. ngano "Kitabi-Dede Korkud" (10-11 mazana emakore).

Chikamu chikuru chebasa raA. nziyo. Nziyo dzeprerevolutionary ashug dzakashora mativi akasviba ekurwisana. hupenyu, akaimba hugamba. kurwisana nehudzvinyiriri, hwakaiswa muvanhu vanoda nyika yaamai. Mushure mekugadzwa kweSoviet simba rerwiyo rwaA. rakazadzwa nezvitsva zvine chekuita neshanduko huru munharaunda. mararamiro, pamwe nesocialist. kuvaka.

Mimhanzi yeAshug inowanzova yemhando yakamanikana uye inounzwa murejista yepamusoro. Melodich. kufamba kwakatsetseka; kusvetuka kudiki (pachitatu, chechina) kunoteverwa nekuzadza kwavo. Kudzokororwa kwakajairika, musiyano wenziyo uye zvivakwa zvese, metro-rhythm. upfumi. Dzimwe nguva nziyo dzinoiswa pasi pekusaina nguva yakajeka, semuenzaniso:

Dzimwe nguva ivo vanosiyana mukudzokorora-improvisation. rusununguko. Anozivikanwa ca. 80 nziyo dzechinyakare dzinoumba rwiyo rwechigarire rwaA. Mazita adzo anotsanangurwa nedetembo. zvimiro (“gerayly”, “sofa”, “mukhammes”, zvichingodaro), nzvimbo dzavanonyanya kuzivikanwa (“Goyche gulu”), dastans, umo dzinobatanidzwa (“Keremi”, “Ker-ogly “) zvichingodaro. .Idzi nziyo, nepo dzichichengeta huru yadzo. intonation tsvimbo, inogara yakapfumiswa zvine mutinhimira uye mutinhimira. Nziyo dzakasiana-siana dzinoimbwa nemutinhimira wakafanana. zvinyorwa zvenhetembo. Nziyo dzeAshug dziri couplet. Instr vanoita basa guru mavari. interludes. Mumhanzi weA. pane zvinhu zve harmonica. polyphony - quarto-fifth, terts-quarte, uye mamwe makonzonenzi (mu saz).

Major Azerbaijanis. Vanochera matongo vekare ndiGurbani, Abbas Tufarganly (zana remakore rechi16), Dilgam, Valekh, Shikeste Shirin (zana remakore rechi18), uye Alesker (zana remakore rechi19). A. yenguva yedu - Asad Rzayev, Mirza Bayramov, Islam Yusifov, Avak, Gara Movlayev, Talyb Mammadov, Shamshir Gojayev, Akper Jafarov, Adalet (virtuoso mutambi pa saz); I. Yusifov akaronga korasi yeashugs kubva kune 25-30 vaimbi uye vanoita balaman.

Ruoko rwakatanhamara. A. yekare - Sayat-Nova, Jivani, Sheram, Nagash Ovnatan, Shirin, Miskin Burji, yemazuva ano A. - Grigor, Huseyn, Seron, Avasi, Ashot nevamwe.

Zvimiro zvemumhanzi A. akawana kushandiswa mune akati wandei Op. Prof. vanyori, semuenzaniso. mumhanzi "Almast" naSpendiarov, "Shakhsenem" naGliere, "Kor-oglu" naGadzhibekov, "Veten" naKaraev naGadzhiev, mune sutu "Azerbaijan" naAmirov, muChetatu Symphony naKaraev.

References: Nhetembo dzeArmenia kubva kare kusvika nhasi, ed. uye nekupinda. chinyorwa uye manotsi. V. Ya. Bryusova. Moscow, 1916. Torjyan X., Armenian folk singers-ashugs, "SM", 1937, No 7; Krivonosov V., Ashugs yeAzerbaijan, "SM", 1938, Nha 4; Anthology yenhetembo dzeAzerbaijan, M., 1939; Anthology yenhetembo dzeArmenia, M., 1940; Eldarova E., Mimwe mibvunzo yeashug art, muunganidzwa: Art yeAzerbaijan, vol. Ini, Baku, 1949; iye, Mimwe mibvunzo yekugadzirwa kwemimhanzi yeashugs, muunganidzwa: Azerbaijan music, M., 1961; yake pachake, The Art of the Ashugs of Azerbaijan (nhoroondo yenganonyorwa), muunganidzwa: The Art of Azerbaijan, vol. VIII, Baku, 1962 (muAzeri); rake pachake, Mumhanzi uye nhetembo terminological duramazwi reAzerbaijani ashugs, muunganidzwa: Art yeAzerbaijan, vol. XII, Baku, 1968; Seyidov M., Sayat-Nova, Baki, 1954; Kushnarev XS, Mibvunzo yenhoroondo uye dzidziso yeArmenian monodic music, L., 1958; Belyaev V., Essays panhoroondo yemimhanzi yevanhu veUSSR, vol. 2, M., 1963.

E. Abasova