Domenico Cimarosa (Domenico Cimarosa) |

Domenico Cimarosa

Chimiro chemimhanzi chaCimarosa chinopisa, chinopisa uye chinofadza… B. Asafiev

Domenico Cimarosa akapinda munhoroondo yetsika dzemimhanzi semumwe wevamiriri vane mukurumbira vechikoro cheNeapolitan opera, satenzi webuffa opera, akapedza shanduko yeItaly comic opera yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX mubasa rake.

Cimarosa akaberekerwa mumhuri yemuvaki uye mucheki. Mushure mekufa kwemurume wake, muna 1756, amai vake vakaisa Domenico mudiki pachikoro chevarombo pane imwe yemamongi muNaples. Paiva pano apo munyori weramangwana akagamuchira zvidzidzo zvake zvemimhanzi. Munguva pfupi, Cimarosa yakafambira mberi zvakanyanya uye muna 1761 yakagamuchirwa kuSite Maria di Loreto, iyo yekare yekuchengetedza muNaples. Vadzidzisi vakanaka vakadzidzisa ipapo, pakati pavo vaive vakuru, uye dzimwe nguva vaimbi vakatanhamara. Kwemakore gumi nerimwe ekuchengetedza Cimarosa akapfuura nepamusoro pechikoro chevanyori: akanyora masasi akawanda uye motets, akaziva hunyanzvi hwekuimba, kuridza violin, cembalo uye nhengo kusvika pakukwana. Vadzidzisi vake vaiva G. Sacchini naN. Piccinni.

Pazera remakore 22, Cimarosa akapedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory uye akapinda mumunda wemuimbi weOpera. Nenguva isipi paNeapolitan theatre dei Fiorentini (del Fiorentini) yake yekutanga buffa opera, The Count's Whims, yakaitwa. Yakateverwa mukutevedzana kunoenderera nemamwe makomiki opera. Mukurumbira weCimarosa wakawedzera. Dzimba dzakawanda dzemitambo muItaly dzakatanga kumukoka. Hupenyu hwakaoma hwemuimbi weopera, hwakabatana nekufamba nguva dzose, hwakatanga. Zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu epanguva iyoyo, maopera aifanirwa kuumbwa muguta maaive aitirwa, kuitira kuti muimbi atarise kugona kwechikwata uye zvinonaka zveveruzhinji.

Nemhaka yekufungidzira kwake kusingapedzi uye unyanzvi husingakundiki, Cimarosa akaiumba nokumhanya kusingatsananguriki. Mimhanzi yake yemakomiki, inozivikanwa pakati pavo An Italian muLondon (1778), Gianina naBernardone (1781), Malmantile Market, kana Deluded Vanity (1784) uye Usuccessful Intrigues (1786), akaitirwa muRome, Venice, Milan, Florence, Turin. nemamwe maguta eItaly.

Cimarosa akava munyori wenziyo ane mukurumbira muItaly. Akabudirira kutsiva vatenzi vakadai saG. Paisiello, Piccinni, P. Guglielmi, vakanga vari kunze kwenyika panguva iyoyo. Zvisinei, munyori ane mwero, asingakwanisi kuita basa, aisakwanisa kuwana nzvimbo yakachengeteka munyika yake. Naizvozvo, muna 1787, akabvuma kukokwa kuchigaro chomukuru webhendi uye “munyori wenziyo” mudare ramambo weRussia. Cimarosa akapedza anenge makore matatu nehafu ari muRussia. Mumakore aya, munyori wacho haana kunyora zvakanyanya sezvakaita muItaly. Akapedza nguva yakawanda achitarisira imba yeopera yedare, mitambo yemitambo, uye kudzidzisa.

Ari munzira kudzokera kunyika yake, uko munyori akaenda muna 1791, akashanyira Vienna. Kugamuchirwa noushamwari, kukokwa kunzvimbo yedare bhendi uye - ndizvo zvakamirira Cimarosa mudare raMambo weAustria Leopold II. MuVienna, pamwe chete nemudetembi J. Bertati, Cimarosa akagadzira zvakanakisisa zvezvisikwa zvake - buff opera The Secret Marriage (1792). Kutanga kwaro kwakave budiriro inonzwika, iyo opera yaive yakanyorwa yakazara.

Achidzokera muna 1793 kumusha kwake Naples, munyori wacho akatora chigaro chemukuru webhendi ikoko. Anonyora opera seria uye opera buffa, cantatas uye mabasa ezviridzwa. Pano, iyo opera "Chakavanzika Muchato" yakatsungirira zvinopfuura zana. Izvi zvakanga zvisingazivikanwi muItaly 100th century. Muna 1799, shanduko ye bourgeois yakaitika muNaples, uye Cimarosa akakwazisa nechido chiziviso chenyika. Iye, semudiwa wechokwadi, akapindura chiitiko ichi nekuumbwa kwe "Patriotic Hymn". Zvisinei, republic yakagara mwedzi mishomanana chete. Mushure mekukundwa kwake, munyori akasungwa ndokukandwa mujeri. Imba yaaigara yakaparadzwa, uye clavichembalo yake yakakurumbira, yakakandwa panzvimbo yakarongwa nematombo, yakapwanywa kuti irove. Mwedzi 4 Cimarosa akamirira kuurayiwa. Uye chete chikumbiro chevanhu vane simba chakamuunza kusunungurwa kwaaida. Nguva yekuva mujeri yakakanganisa utano hwake. Asingadi kugara muNaples, Cimarosa akaenda kuVenice. Ikoko, pasinei nekunzwa kusanzwa zvakanaka, anonyora onepy-seria "Artemisia". Zvisinei, munyori haana kuona kutanga kwebasa rake - zvakaitika mazuva mashomanana mushure mekufa kwake.

Nyanzvi yakatanhamara yeItaly opera theatre yezana ramakore rechi70. Cimarosa akanyora anopfuura XNUMX opera. Basa rake rakafarirwa zvikuru naG. Rossini. Pamusoro pebasa rakanakisa remunyori - onepe-buffa "Secret Marriage" E. Hanslik akanyora kuti "ine iro chairo reruvara rwegoridhe rakajeka, rinova ndiro rega rakakodzera mumhanzi wemumhanzi ... zvese zviri mumhanzi iyi zviri kutekeshera uye zvinopenya. nemaparera, akajeka uye anofadza, zvokuti muteereri anogona kungonakidzwa chete. Ichi chisikwa chakakwana cheCimarosa chichiri kurarama munyika opera repertoire.

I. Vetlitsyna