Boris Shtokolov |

Boris Shtokolov

Boris Timofeevich Shtokolov akaberekwa musi waMarch 19, 1930 muSverdlovsk. Muiti wacho pachake anoyeuka nzira yekudhirowa:

“Mhuri yedu yaigara muSverdlovsk. Muna XNUMX, mariro akabva kumberi: baba vangu vakafa. Uye amai vedu vaiva nekashoma kwatiri… Zvakanga zvakaoma kwavari kupa munhu wese chikafu. Kwapera gore hondo isati yapera, isu tiri muUrals takanga tine mumwe munhu anotora chikoro cheSolovetsky. Ndakabva ndati regai ndiende kuChamhembe ndaifunga kuti zvaizorerukira amai vangu. Uye kwakanga kune vazvipiri vakawanda. Takafamba kwenguva refu, nemhando dzose dzezvinoitika. Perm, Gorky, Vologda… MuArkhangelsk, varwi vakapiwa mayunifomu - majasi, mabhachi epizi, kepisi. Vakakamurwa kuita makambani. Ndakasarudza basa remugadziri wemagetsi wetorpedo.

Pakutanga taigara mumadhaka, ayo vakomana vepaimba yepakutanga vaishongedzera makirasi nemacubicles. Chikoro pachacho chaiva mumusha weSavvatievo. Tese taiva vanhu vakuru. Takanyatsodzidza mhizha, takanga tichikurumidzira: shure kwezvose, hondo yakanga ichipera, uye taitya zvikuru kuti mavhoru ekukunda aizoitika pasina isu. Ndinoyeuka nokusashivirira kwatakamirira kudzidzira pazvikepe zvehondo. Muhondo, isu, seti yechitatu yechikoro cheJung, takanga tisisakwanise kutora chikamu. Asi pandakapedza kudzidza, ndakatumirwa kuBaltic, vaparadzi "Vakasimba", "Slender", mutyairi "Kirov" aive nehupfumi hwekurwa biography zvekuti kunyangwe ini, ndisina kurwa nemukomana wekabhini, ndainzwa ndichibatanidzwa muhondo. Kukunda Kukuru.

Ndaiva mukuru wekambani. Mukudzidzira zvibooreso, munzendo dzemugungwa pazvikepe, ndaifanira kuva wokutanga kusimbisa rwiyo. Asi ipapo, ndinoreurura, handina kumbofunga kuti ndaizova muimbi ane unyanzvi. Shamwari Volodya Yurkin akarayira kuti: "Iwe, Borya, unoda kuimba, enda kunzvimbo yekugara!" Uye ini ndakazvisimudza: nguva yepashure pehondo yakanga isiri nyore, uye ndaiifarira muuto rengarava.

Ndine chikwereti chitarisiko changu panhandare huru yemitambo kuna Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov. Maiva muna 1949. Ndichibva kuBaltic, ndakadzokera kumba, ndikapinda chikoro chinokosha cheMauto Omudenga. Marshal Zhukov ipapo akarayira Urals Military District. Akauya kwatiri for the graduation party of the cadets. Pakati penhamba dzemitambo yeamateur, maitiro angu akanyorwawo. Akaimba "Migwagwa" naA. Novikov uye "Sailor's Nights" naV. Solovyov-Sedogo. Ndainetseka: kekutanga nevateereri vakawanda kudaro, hapana chekutaura pamusoro pevaenzi vakakurumbira.

Pashure pekonzati, Zhukov akandiudza kuti: “Ndege haingarasikirwe pasina iwe. Unofanira kuimba.” Saka akarayira: kutumira Shtokolov kune Conservatory. Saka ndakazoenda kuSverdlovsk Conservatory. Nekuzivana, sekutaura ... "

Saka Shtokolov akava mudzidzi weVocal Faculty yeUral Conservatory. Boris aifanira kubatanidza zvidzidzo zvake paimba yekuchengetera zvinhu nebasa remanheru senyanzvi yemagetsi munhandare yemitambo, uyezve sechivheneko paOpera neBallet Theatre. Ndichiri mudzidzi, Shtokolov akagamuchirwa semudzidzi muboka reSverdlovsk Opera House. Pano akapfuura nechikoro chakanaka chekushanda, akatora ruzivo rwemakomuredhi akwegura. Zita rake rinotanga kuoneka pane poster ye theatre: muimbi anopihwa akati wandei episodic mabasa, ayo anoita basa rakanakisa. Uye muna 1954, pakarepo pashure pokunge apedza kudzidza kubva Conservatory, muimbi wechiduku akava mumwe aitungamirira soloists yemitambo. Basa rake rekutanga, Melnik mu opera Mermaid naDargomyzhsky, rakafarirwa zvikuru nevanoongorora.

Muzhizha ra1959, Shtokolov akatamba kunze kwenyika kekutanga, achihwina zita remubairo weMakwikwi epasi rose paVII World Festival yeVechidiki uye Vadzidzi muVienna. Uye kunyange asati aenda, akagamuchirwa muboka reOpera reLeningrad Academic Opera uye Ballet Theatre inonzi SM Kirov.

Iyo imwezve hunyanzvi chiitiko cheStokolov chakabatana neiyi boka. Ari kuwana kuzivikanwa semuturikiri akanaka kwazvo weRussia operatic repertoire: Tsar Boris muBoris Godunov uye Dosifei muMussorgsky's Khovanshchina, Ruslan naIvan Susanin mumitambo yaGlinka, Galitsky muBorodin's Prince Igor, Gremin muEugene Onegin. Shtokolov anoitawo zvinobudirira mumabasa akadai saMephistopheles muGounod's Faust uye Don Basilio muRossini's The Barber yeSeville. Muimbi wacho anobatanidzwawo mune zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano operas - "The Fate of Man" naI. Dzerzhinsky, "October" naV. Muradeli nevamwe.

Basa rimwe nerimwe reStokolov, imwe neimwe nhanho mufananidzo wakasikwa naye, sekutonga, inoratidzirwa nekudzika kwepfungwa, kutendeseka kwemafungiro, inzwi uye danho rakakwana. Zvirongwa zvake zvekonzati zvinosanganisira akawanda ezvimedu zvekare uye zvemazuva ano. Kwese kupi kunoita muimbi - panhandare yeopera kana panhandare yekonzati, hunyanzvi hwake hunokwezva vateereri nehunhu hwayo hwakajeka, kutsva kwemanzwiro, kutendeseka kwemanzwiro. Inzwi remuimbi - yakakwira mobile bass - inosiyaniswa nekupfava kwekutaura kweruzha, kupfava uye runako rwetimbre. Zvose izvi zvinogona kuonekwa nevateereri venyika dzakawanda uko muimbi ane tarenda akaita zvinobudirira.

Shtokolov akaimba pamatanho akawanda e opera uye matanho emakonsati pasi rose, mudzimba dzeOpera muU.SA neSpain, Sweden neItaly, France, Switzerland, GDR, FRG; akagamuchirwa nechido muhoro dzekonzati dzeHungary, Australia, Cuba, England, Canada nedzimwe nyika zhinji dzepasi. Vezvenhau vekune dzimwe nyika vanokoshesa zvikuru muimbi muopera uye muzvirongwa zvekonzati, vachimuisa pakati pevanyanzvi vepasi rose.

Muna 1969, apo N. Benois akaita opera Khovanshchina muChicago pamwe nekubatanidzwa kwaN. Gyaurov (Ivan Khovansky), Shtokolov akakokwa kuti aite chikamu cheDositheus. Mushure mekutanga, vatsoropodzi vakanyora kuti: "Shtokolov inyanzvi huru. Izwi rake rine runako rusingawanzo uye kuenzana. Uhu hunhu hwezwi hunoshandira chimiro chepamusoro-soro chehunyanzvi hwekuita. Heino bass hombe ine impeccable tekinoroji pairi. Boris Shtokolov anosanganisirwa mune inokatyamadza runyorwa rwemabhesi makuru echiRussia enguva pfupi yapfuura ...", "Shtokolov, nekutamba kwake kwekutanga muAmerica, akasimbisa mukurumbira wake seyechokwadi bass cantante ..." Mutsivi wetsika huru dzechikoro cheRussian opera. , achivandudza mubasa rake kubudirira kwechiRussia mumhanzi uye tsika yechitambo, - iyi ndiyo nzira iyo vatsoropodzi veSoviet nevekunze vanoongorora pamwe chete Shtokolov.

Kushanda zvine muchero munhandare, Boris Shtokolov anoteerera zvakanyanya kumitambo yemakonti. Chiitiko chekonzati chakave kuenderera mberi kwehunyanzvi padanho re opera, asi zvimwe zvetarenda rake rekutanga zvakaratidzwa mariri.

"Zvakanyanya kuomera muimbi padanho rekonzati pane opera," anodaro Shtokolov. "Hapana chipfeko, nzvimbo, kutamba, uye muimbi anofanira kuratidza hunhu uye hunhu hwemifananidzo yebasa chete nemanzwi, ega, pasina rubatsiro rwevamwe."

Pamutambo wekonzati Shtokolov, zvichida, kunyange kuzivikanwa kukuru kwakamirira. Mushure mezvose, kusiyana neKirov Theatre, nzira dzekushanyira dzaBoris Timofeevich dzakamhanya munyika yose. Mune imwe yemhinduro dzepepanhau munhu anogona kuverenga: "Pisa, pisa, nyeredzi yangu ..." - kana muimbi akaita iyi yerudo mukonzati, ndangariro dzaizokwana kwehupenyu hwose. Iwe unofadzwa neizwi iri - zvese zvine ushingi uye zvinyoro, kune aya mazwi - "kupisa", "kukosheswa", "mashiripiti" ... Matauriro aanoita - sekunge anoapa sezvishongo. Uye saka shasha mushure mehunyanzvi. "Aa, dai ndaigona kuzvitaura nenzwi", "Mangwanani akasviba, grey mangwanani", "ndaikuda", "Ndinobuda ndiri ndoga mumugwagwa", "Murairidzi, usatyaire mabhiza", "Meso matema". Hapana nhema - kwete mukunzwika, kwete mushoko. Sezvakaitika munyaya dzevaroyi, mumaoko avo ibwe rakareruka rinova dhaimondi, kubata kwese kwezwi raStokolov kumimhanzi, nenzira, kunopa chishamiso chimwe chete. Mune crucible yei kufemerwa kwaanogadzira chokwadi chake mumutauro wekuRussia mutauro? Uye iyo isingapedziki yeRussia yakadzika rwiyo mukati mayo - nemakiromita api ekuyera kureba kwayo uye nzvimbo?

“Ndakacherekedza,” Shtokolov anobvuma kudaro, “kuti mirangariro yangu nechiono chomukati, zvandinofungidzira nokuona mukufungidzira kwangu, zvinopfuudzwa kuhoro. Izvi zvinowedzera pfungwa yokusika, unyanzvi uye mutoro womunhu: pashure pokurangarira zvose, vanhu vanonditeerera muhoro havagoni kunyengedzwa.”

Pazuva rekuzvarwa kwake makumi mashanu pachikuva cheKirov Theatre, Shtokolov akaita basa raanofarira - Boris Godunov. "Yakaitwa nemuimbi Godunov," anonyora AP Konnov mutongi akachenjera, ane simba, ari kuedza nemwoyo wose kubudirira kwehurumende yake, asi nesimba remamiriro ezvinhu, nhoroondo pachayo yakamuisa mumamiriro ezvinhu anosuruvarisa. Vateereri nevatsoropodzi vakakoshesa mufananidzo waakasika, vachiupa kune zvakabudirira zvikuru zveSoviet opera art. Asi Shtokolov anoenderera mberi achishanda pa "Boris wake", achiedza kuburitsa zvese zvepedyo uye zvisingaoneki mafambiro emweya wake.

"Mufananidzo waBoris," anodaro muimbi pachake, "uzere nemhando dzakawanda dzepfungwa. Hudzamu hwahwo kwandiri hunoita sehusingapere. Iyo yakawanda kwazvo, yakaoma mukusaenderana kwayo, zvekuti inondibata zvakanyanya, ichivhura mikana mitsva, mitsva yehunhu hwayo.

Mugore remhemberero yemuimbi, pepanhau rinonzi "Soviet Culture" rakanyora. "Leningrad muimbi muridzi anofara wezwi rerunako rwakasiyana. Pakadzika, ichipinda mukati memukati-kati memwoyo wemunhu, yakapfuma mukushanduka kusinganzwisisike kwematimbu, inokwezva nesimba rayo guru, plastiki inonaka yemutsara, inoshamisa inodedera matauriro. People's Artist of the USSR Boris Shtokolov anoimba, uye haungamuvhiringidzi chero munhu. Chipo chake chakasiyana, unyanzvi hwake hwakasiyana, huchiwedzera kubudirira kwechikoro chezwi chenyika. Chokwadi chezwi, chokwadi chemashoko, akasiiwa nevadzidzisi vake, akawana kutaura kwavo kwepamusoro-soro mubasa remuimbi.

Muiti wacho pachake anoti: "Unyanzvi hweRussia hunoda mweya weRussia, rupo, kana chimwe chinhu ... Izvi hazvigoni kudzidzwa, zvinofanira kunzwika."

PS Boris Timofeevich Shtokolov akafa musi waNdira 6, 2005.