Lute: chii ichocho, chimiro, inzwi, nhoroondo, marudzi, kushandiswa

Chiridzwa chekare chakabvutwa chine tambo, icho chakagamuchira zita redetembo rekuti "lute", inofananidzwa zvisizvo nevakawanda vane gitare remazuva ano kana domra. Nekudaro, ine chimiro chakakosha, ruzha uye nhoroondo ine zvinonakidza chokwadi.

Chii chinonzi lute

Mutengeramwa chiridzwa chiri muboka retambo dzakabvutwa. MuMiddle Ages, yakanga ine muviri wakaita sepeya uye peya dzinoverengeka dzetambo. Pakati pemarudzi echiArab, aionekwa samambokadzi wezviridzwa zvenziyo, uye nekuda kwenzwi rake rakapfava, aive nerevo yekufananidzira kuzvitendero zvakawanda. Somuenzaniso, kuvaBuddha, kuridza chiridzwa ichi kwakareva kudzikama nemhoteredzo ine tsinhirano munyika yavanhu navamwari, nepo nokuda kwamaKristu kwaireva runako rwokudenga nokudzora masimba omusikirwo.

Kare, mbira chaiva chimwe chezviridzwa zve“nyika” zvairidzwa munzanga dzakakomborerwa chete. Kare, paivawo nepfungwa yokuti ndiye “chombo chemadzimambo ose.”

mamiriro

Kazhinji, pamusoro pezvakaitika kare, chiridzwa hachina kuchinja chimiro chayo chepakutanga. Sekare, muviri welute wakafanana nechimiro chepear uye wakagadzirwa nematanda. Nezvinangwa izvi, cherry, maple kana rosewood inowanzoshandiswa.

Iyo dhizaini ine oval chimiro, uye zvakare yakashongedzwa neyakavezwa rosette pakati. Mutsipa haurembeke, asi uri mundege imwechete nemuviri. Mukusiyana kwakasiyana, lute ine tambo ina kana shanu dzetambo. Hazvisi nyore kuiridza, nekuti muimbi anofanira kupedza nguva yakawanda achiedza kugadzirira Kutamba.

Ruzha runorira sei?

Ruzha rweruti rwakafanana nenzira dzakawanda nekudzura gitare, asi uchienzanisa zviridzwa zviviri izvi, unogona kuwana misiyano. Izwi relute rinosiyaniswa nekupfava kwakakosha, izvo zvakaoma kuwana kana uchiridza gitare. Uyewo, vaimbi vane unyanzvi vanocherechedza ruzha rwechiridzwa chacho uye kuzara nemanzwi akawandisa.

Kutenda kune akati wandei etambo, ruzha rweruti runowana hunhu hunoremekedza uye hwerudo. Ndokusaka maartist aiwanzomuratidza ari mumaoko emusikana kana mukomana.

Nhoroondo yekwakabva

Nhoroondo yekwakabva lute haina kujeka. Yekutanga prototypes yechiridzwa yemazuva ano yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muEgypt, Greece neBulgaria. Uyezve, dzimwe misiyano yakawanikwa muPersia, Armenia neByzantium. Zvisinei, vanyori vezvakaitika kare havana kukwanisa kuziva kuti Ruthier wokutanga ndiani.

Ruti rwekare rwakatanga kupararira pasi rose nekuda kwevaBulgarian, avo vakaita kuti ive yakakurumbira mukati meBalkan Peninsula. Uyezve, nemaoko eVaMoor, chiridzwa chakaendeswa kuSpain neCatalonia. Uye kare muzana remakore reXIV, yakapararira muSpain yose uye yakatanga kutamira kunyika dzekutaura chiGermany.

Types

Munhoroondo yose yeruti, magadzirirwo ayo akachinja zvakawanda. Masters akachinja chimiro chechiitiko, hurongwa, nhamba yetambo, yakawedzera saizi. Nekuda kweizvi, kune zvakawanda zviridzwa zvakazvimirira munyika, iyo tateguru wayo yaive lute. Pakati pavo:

• Sitar (India). Iyo ine miviri miviri inoyerera, yechipiri iyo iri pamunwe. Chinhu chakasiyana cheiyo sitar nhamba huru yetambo, 7 iyo ndiyo huru. Ruzha paruti rweIndia runotorwa nerubatsiro rwemizrab - murevereri anokosha.
• Kobza (Ukraine). Kana ichienzaniswa nechiridzwa chepakutanga, kobza ine muviri wakatenderedzwa uye mutsipa mupfupi une 8 frets chete.
• Vihuela (Italy). Musiyano mukuru wevihuela ndeyekuburitsa inzwi. Pakutanga, yakanga isiri murevereri wekare aishandiswa kuitamba, asi uta. Nemhaka yeizvi, vihuela yairira zvakasiyana neruti. Muviri waro wakawana maratidziro egitare remazuva ano, uye nekuda kwenzira yekuburitsa inzwi, inonzi inoitwa nekirasi yetambo dzakakotamiswa.
• Mandolin. Kazhinji, mandolin inotaridzika zvakafanana neruti, asi mutsipa wayo mupfupi uye ine tambo shoma dzakabatanidzwa. Kuridza chiridzwa ichi, imwe nzira yakakosha inoshandiswa - tremolo.
• Saz chiridzwa chakaita semandolin chinowanikwa pakati pevanhu veTranscaucasia. Saz ine mutsipa wakareba uye tambo shoma pane dzimwe tambo dzakadzurwa.
• Dutar chiridzwa chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakati pevagari veCentral neSouth Asia. Mutsipa we<em>dutar wakareba kupfuura we<em>lute, saka uwandu hwemanzwi anobudiswa hwakafara zvikuru.

Zvakare, Russian domra inowanzonzi rudzi rweruti, nekuti. ndiyo prototype ye balalaika uye mandolin.

Vatambi velute vanozivikanwa

Kubvira kare, vanhu vanoridza lute vave vachinzi vatambi ve<em>lute. Sezvo mutemo, vakanga vasiri vaimbi chete, asiwo vanyori. Vaimbi venziyo vane mukurumbira vanosanganisira Vincesto Capirola, Robert de Wiese, Johann Sebastian Bach nevamwe.

Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, kukosha kwelute kwakadzikira zvakanyanya, asi vatambi velute vanoramba vachifadza veruzhinji nemitambo yavo. Rondedzero yevaimbi vemazuva ano vari kufarirwa chiridzwa ichi vanosanganisira V. Vavilov, V. Kaminik, P. O'Dett, O. Timofeev, A. Krylov nevamwe. Iyo lutenists 'repertoire ine mazana emabasa akashandurirwa mu lute tuning, iyo inogona kunzwika kwete chete muzvikamu zvega, asiwo mu ensembles.

Rutidzo chiridzwa chekare chine nhoroondo isinganzwisisike. Yakashanda sechiratidzo chezviridzwa zvakawanda zvemazuva ano zvakatemwa, saka kukosha kwayo munyika yemimhanzi kwakakura kwazvo. Pasinei nokuti iyo lute iri kudiwa zvishoma munyika yemazuva ano, vaimbi vanoramba vachigadzira mimhanzi pairi, vachikurudzira chiridzwa pakati pevateereri.