Dingindira remimhanzi mumabasa ekunyora

Ndeupi hwaro hwemabasa emimhanzi uye ezvinyorwa, chii chinokurudzira vanyori vavo? Mifananidzo yavo, madingindira, vavariro, zvirongwa zvine midzi yakafanana; vanozvarwa kubva muchokwadi chenyika yakapoteredza.

Uye kunyangwe mimhanzi nemabhuku zvichiwana kutaura kwavo mumitauro yakasiyana zvachose, vane zvakawanda zvakafanana. Chinonyanya kukosha chehukama pakati pemhando idzi dzehunyanzvi inzwi. Manzwiro erudo, anosuwa, anofadza, anozvidya mwoyo, akareruka uye anofadza anowanikwa mukutaura kwekunyora uye kwemimhanzi.

Nekubatanidza mazwi nemimhanzi, nziyo uye zverudo zvinozvarwa, umo, kunze kwekutaura kwekutaura kwemanzwiro, mamiriro epfungwa anounzwa kuburikidza nemimhanzi kutaura. Modal coloring, rhythm, rwiyo, mafomu, kuperekedza kunogadzira yakasarudzika mifananidzo yehunyanzvi. Wese munhu anoziva kuti mimhanzi, kunyangwe isina mazwi, kuburikidza nemusanganiswa wemanzwi chete, inokwanisa kumutsa muvateereri hukama hwakasiyana uye kukanganisa mukati.

“Mimhanzi inotora pfungwa dzedu isati yasvika mupfungwa dzedu.”

Romain Rolland

Mumwe nomumwe wevanhu ane mafungiro ake kune mimhanzi - kune vamwe ibasa, kune vamwe chido chekuvaraidza, kune vamwe inongova mamiriro ezvinhu anofadza, asi munhu wose anoziva nezvebasa reunyanzvi huno muupenyu uye kuguma kwevanhu.

Asi mumhanzi, unokwanisa kutaura zvinonyatsooneka uye zvinofambisa mamiriro emweya wemunhu, uchine ganhuriro dzezvinobvira. Pasinei nehupfumi hwayo husingarambiki mumanzwiro, haina zvirevo - kuitira kuti aone zvakakwana mufananidzo wakatumirwa nemunyori, muteereri anofanira "kutendeuka" mafungiro ake. Uyezve, murwiyo rumwe runosuruvarisa, vateereri vakasiyana-siyana vacha“ona” mifananidzo yakasiyana-siyana - sango rematsutso rinonaya mvura, kuoneka vadikani pachikuva, kana kuti nhamo yemariro.

Ndicho chikonzero, kuti uwane kuoneka kukuru, rudzi urwu rweunyanzvi hunopinda mune symbiosis nedzimwe hunyanzvi. Uye, kazhinji, nemabhuku. Asi iyi symbiosis here? Sei vanyori - vadetembi nevanyori veprose - kazhinji vachibata musoro wemimhanzi mumabasa ekunyora? Chii chinopa mufananidzo wemimhanzi pakati pemitsara kune muverengi?

Mukuwirirana naChristoph Gluck, munyori akakurumbira weViennese, “nziyo dzinofanira kuita mukuwirirana nebasa renhetembwa basa rimwe chetero iro kupenya kwamavara kunoita mukuwirirana nokudhirowa kwakarurama.” Uye kuna Stéphane Mallarmé, theorist of symbolism, mimhanzi ivhoriyamu yekuwedzera inopa muverengi akajeka, akajeka mifananidzo yezvinoitika zvehupenyu.

Mitauro dzakasiyana dzekubereka uye nzira dzekuona idzi mhando dzehunyanzvi dzinoita kuti dzisiyane uye dziri kure kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Asi chinangwa, semutauro chero upi zvake, ndechimwe - kuendesa ruzivo kubva kune mumwe munhu kuenda kune mumwe. Izwi, kutanga kune zvese, rinonangidzirwa kune pfungwa uye chete ipapo kune manzwiro. Asi hazvisi nguva dzose zvinogoneka kuwana tsananguro yeshoko yezvese. Panguva dzakadaro dzizere nekunakidzwa, mumhanzi unouya kuzonunura. Saka inorasikirwa nezwi mune chaiyo, asi inokunda mune zvepfungwa zvinorehwa. Pamwe chete, izwi nemimhanzi zvinenge zvine masimba ese.

Mitindo “inorira” muchirevo chechinyorwa chenganonyorwa, nganonyorwa nenganonyorwa inosanganisirwa mumabhuku aya kwete netsaona. Vanotakura dura reruzivo uye vanoita mamwe mabasa:

• Dingindira remimhanzi sechinhu chepakati chebasa remabhuku (dingindira remimhanzi mumabhuku ekunyora aLeo Nikolaevich Tolstoy "The Kreutzer Sonata", "After the Ball").
• Kushandiswa kwemifananidzo yemumhanzi yekuwedzera kuratidzwa kwehunhu hwepfungwa dzevanyori ("Kreutzer Sonata" - mimhanzi se "kaviri" yehunhu)
• Pfungwa yemunyori yemunyori inobva pamufananidzo wemuimbi, pfungwa dzake pamusoro pehupenyu, mimhanzi, uye vanhu vakamupoteredza (sezviri mumabasa "Mozart naSalieri" naAlexander Sergeevich Pushkin uye "Cavalier Gluck" naTheodor. Amadeus Hoffmann).
• Kugadzira basa rekunyora richibva pachimiro chemumhanzi ("Mozart naSalieri" naAS Pushkin rakafanana ne "Requiem," iyo yekupedzisira nyanzvi yemunyori ane hunyanzvi, nhetembo dzaAfanasy Fet dzinofanana nerudo, uye mamwe eBoris Pasternak's. kuvandudzwa kwemimhanzi).

Dingindira remimhanzi mumabasa ezvinyorwa rinonzwikawo mukushandiswa kwemaitiro ekugadzira mifananidzo. Kudzokorora, kunyora inzwi, leitmotif mifananidzo - izvi zvose zvakauya kumabhuku kubva mumhanzi.

"... hunyanzvi huri kuramba huchichinjana kuita humwe, imwe mhando yehunyanzvi inowana kuenderera kwayo nekupedzwa mune imwe." Romain Rolland

Saka, mufananidzo wemimhanzi pakati pemitsara "inovandudza", inowedzera "ruvara" uye "vhoriyamu" kune imwe-dimensional mifananidzo yevatambi vevatambi uye zviitiko zvavanosangana nazvo pamapeji emabhuku ezvinyorwa.