Organ: tsananguro yechiridzwa, kuumbwa, ruzha, mhando, nhoroondo, kushandiswa

Nhengo iyi chiridzwa chemimhanzi chinofadza kwete chete nekurira kwayo, asiwo nehukuru hwayo. Anonzi mambo munyika yemimhanzi: ane mbiri uye anokudzwa zvokuti hapana anosiya asina hanya.

Basics

Boka rezviridzwa izvo nhengo yacho ndeyemhepo keyboards. Chinhu chinosiyanisa kukura kukuru kwechimiro. Iro nhengo huru munyika yose iri muU.SA, guta reAtlantic City: rinosanganisira zvinopfuura zviuru makumi matatu zvepombi, ine 30 rejista, 455 zvinyorwa. Mitezo yairema zvikuru yakagadzirwa nemunhu yairema matani mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu.

Chiridzwa chinonzwika chine simba, polyphonic, chinokonzera dutu remanzwiro. Mimhanzi yemhando yeiyi inogumira kune mashanu octaves. Muchokwadi, mukana wekurira wakakura zvakanyanya: nekushandura marejista enhengo, muimbi anodzikamisa ruzha rwemanotsi neimwe kana maviri octave mune chero nzira.

Mikana ye "King of Music" inenge isingagumi: kwete chete marudzi ose emhando dzemanzwi anowanikwa kwaari, kubva kune yakaderera kusvika kune yakakwirira zvikuru. Zviri musimba rake kuberekazve manzwi echisiko, kuimba kweshiri, kurira kwemabhera, kutinhira kwematombo anowa.

Mudziyo nhengo

Chigadzirwa chacho chakaoma, kusanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu, ruzivo, zvikamu. Zvikamu zvikuru ndezvi:

• Chair kana console. Nzvimbo inoitirwa kuti muimbi adzore chimiro. Akashongedzerwa nemalevers, switch, mabhatani. Kune zvakare mabhuku ezvinyorwa, tsoka dzetsoka.
• Manuals. Makiibhodhi akati wandei ekutamba nemaoko. Huwandu ndehwemunhu pamuenzaniso wega wega. Nhamba yepamusoro yemazuva ano i7 zvidimbu. Kazhinji kupfuura vamwe, pane magadzirirwo ane 2-4 manyorerwo. Chinyorwa chega chega chine seti yaro yemarejista. Chinyorwa chikuru chiri padyo nemuimbi, chakashongedzerwa nemarejista ane ruzha. Nhamba yemakiyi ebhuku ndeye 61 (inopindirana nemhando ye5 octaves).
• Registers. Iri ndiro zita renhengo dzepombi, dzakabatanidzwa netimbre yakafanana. Kuti abatidze rimwe register, muimbi anoshandisa mabhatani eremote control. Pasina chiito ichi, zvinyorwa hazvizonzwika. Nhengo dzenyika dzakasiyana, nguva dzakasiyana dzine nhamba yakasiyana yezvinyorwa.
• Mapaipi. Vanosiyana pakureba, dhayamita, chimiro. Vamwe vakashongedzerwa nendimi, vamwe havana. Mapombi ane simba anoita kurira kunorema, kwakaderera, uye zvakasiyana. Nhamba yepombi inosiyana, dzimwe nguva inosvika zviuru gumi zvezvidimbu. Zvinhu zvekugadzira - simbi, huni.
• Pedal keyboard. Inomiririrwa nemakiyi etsoka anoshanda kuburitsa yakaderera, bass ruzha.
• Traktura. Sisitimu yezvishandiso zvinofambisa masaini kubva kumanyoro, pedals kuenda kune pombi (kutamba turakiti), kana kubva pakuchinja chinja kuenda kumarejista (register turakiti). Izvo zviripo zvakasiyana-siyana zvetirakita ndeye mechanical, pneumatic, magetsi, yakasanganiswa.

History

Nhoroondo yechiridzwa haifukidze mazana emakore - mireniyamu. “Mambo weMimhanzi” akaoneka nguva yedu isati yasvika, bhegi reBabironi rinonzi tateguru waro: rakanga riine makushe anopinza mhepo namachubhu; kumagumo kwaive nemutumbi waive nemapombi aive nendimi nemaburi. Mumwe tateguru wechiridzwa chacho anonzi panflute.

Nhengo inoshanda nerubatsiro rwe hydraulics yakagadzirwa neyekare yeGreek mhizha Ktesebius muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX BC: mweya wakamanikidzwa mukati nemuchina wemvura.

Nhengo dzeMedieval dzakanga dzisingasiyaniswe nechimiro chakanaka: dzaive nemakiyi akakora, asingagadzikane aive pane imwe chinhambwe kubva kune mumwe. Zvakanga zvisingaite kutamba neminwe - mutambi akarova keyboard negokora rake, chibhakera.

Iyo heyday yechiridzwa yakatanga panguva iyo makereke akatanga kuifarira (zana ramakore rechiXNUMX AD). Mitinhimira yakadzika ndiyo yainyatsoenderana nemasevhisi. Kuvandudzwa kwedhizaini kwakatanga: nhengo dzakareruka dzakashanduka kuita maturusi makuru, achitora chikamu chakakosha chetemberi.

Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, vatenzi venhengo dzepamusoro vakashanda muItari. Ipapo Germany yakatora masimba. Pakazosvika zana ramakore rechiXNUMX, nyika yese yeEurope yakanga yagona kugadzira chinhu chidiki chakakurumbira.

Izana remakore re XIV ndiro zuva rekushanda kwechiridzwa: dhizaini yakagadziridzwa, ukuru hwekiyi uye pedals yakaderedzwa, marejista aive akasiyana, uye huwandu hwakawedzerwa. XV yezana remakore - nguva yekuonekwa kwekugadziriswa kwakadaro senhengo duku (inotakurika), yakamira (yepakati saizi).

Kutendeuka kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX-XNUMX kunoonekwa se "nguva yegoridhe" yemimhanzi yenhengo. Dhizaini yakagadziridzwa kusvika painogumira: chiridzwa chaigona kutsiva orchestra yese, chakaburitsa zvinoshamisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvemanzwi. Vanyori Bach, Sweelinck, Frescobaldi vakagadzira mabasa kunyanya kune ichi chiridzwa.

Zana ramakore rechiXNUMX rakasundira maturusi akakura parutivi. Iwo akatsiviwa ne compact magadzirirwo ari nyore kushandisa uye haadi akaomarara kufamba kwemuviri. Nguva ya“mambo wemimhanzi” yapera.

Nhasi nhengo dzinogona kuonekwa nekunzwika mumakereke echiKatorike, pamakonti emimhanzi yemukamuri. Chiridzwa chinoshandiswa sekuperekedza, chinoita solo.

Mhando

Organs inorongwa maererano nemaitiro akati wandei:

Device: ndarira, zvemagetsi, digital, rutsanga.

dzichipfekeka: konzati, chechi, yemitambo, chamber.

Chimiro: classical, baroque, symphonic.

Nhamba yezvinyorwa: imwe-mbiri-nhatu-manual, nezvimwe.

Mhando dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzenhengo:

• Mhepo - yakashongedzerwa makiyi, mapaipi, chiridzwa chakakura. Ndeyekirasi yeaerophones. Zvinoita sekuti vazhinji vanofungidzira nhengo - chivakwa chikuru-chikuru chepasi pakakwirira, chiri mumachechi nemamwe makamuri akakura.
• Symphonic - imhando yenhengo yemhepo ine mukana mukunzwika. Yakasiyana-siyana, yakakwira timbre, kunyoresa kugona kunobvumira chiridzwa ichi chete kutsiva iyo orchestra yese. Vamwe vamiririri veboka vakashongedzerwa nemabhuku manomwe, makumi ezviuru zvepombi.
• Theatre - haina kusiyana mumhando dzakasiyana dzemimhanzi. Kugona kuita kurira kwepiyano, huwandu hweruzha. Yakagadzirwa pakutanga iine chinangwa chekuperekedza mimhanzi yemitambo yemitambo, zvimiro zvemafirimu akanyarara.
• Iyo Hammond organ chiridzwa chemagetsi, musimboti waro wakavakirwa pane yekuwedzera synthesis yechiratidzo chezwi kubva kune dynamic series. Chishandiso ichi chakagadzirwa muna 1935 naL. Hammond sechinotsiva machechi. Iyo yakagadzirwa yakanga isingadhuri, uye munguva pfupi yakatanga kushandiswa zvakasimba nemauto ehondo, jazz, blues vanoita.

kunyoresa

Nhasi, chiridzwa chacho chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nevaPurotesitendi, maKatorike - anoperekedza kunamata. Inoiswa muhoro dzekunyika kuti dziperekedze makonzati. Mikana yenhengo inobvumira muimbi kuti atambe ega kana kuti ave chikamu che orchestra. "Mambo wemimhanzi" anosangana mu ensembles, anofambidzana nemakwaya, vanoimba, dzimwe nguva vanotora chikamu muma opera.

Kuridza organ

Kuva oganist kwakaoma. Iwe uchada kushanda nemaoko ako nemakumbo panguva imwe chete. Iko hakuna chiyero chekutamba chirongwa - chiridzwa chimwe nechimwe chine nhamba dzakasiyana dzepombi, makiyi, marejista. Sezvo wagona imwe modhi, hazvibviri kuendesa kune imwe, iwe unozofanirwa kudzidza zvakare mudziyo.

Kutamba kwetsoka inyaya yakakosha. Iwe uchada zvakakosha, shangu dzakasimba. Manipulations anogadzirwa nechigunwe, chitsitsinho.

Zvikamu zvemimhanzi zvinonyorwa zvakasiyana kune kiibhodhi yetsoka uye zvinyorwa.

Composers

Mabasa e "mambo wemimhanzi" akanyorwa nevanyori vane tarenda vekare uye zana remakore risati rapfuura:

• M. Dupre
• V. Mozart
• F. Mendelssohn
• A. Gabrieli
• D. Shostakovich
• R. Shchedrin
• N. Grigny