Cornet: tsananguro yechiridzwa, kuumbwa, ruzha, nhoroondo, kushandiswa

Kune zvakawanda zviridzwa zvendarira munyika. Nekufanana kwavo kwekunze, imwe neimwe ine maitiro ayo uye ruzha. Nezve mumwe wavo - munyaya ino.

tsananguro

Cornet (yakashandurwa kubva kuFrench "cornet a pistons" - "nyanga ine pistons"; kubva kuItalian "cornetto" - "nyanga") chiridzwa chemimhanzi cheboka rendarira, rakashongedzerwa neipiston michina. Kunze, inoratidzika sepombi, asi mutsauko ndewekuti cornet ine pombi yakafara.

Nekurongeka, chikamu cheboka remaaerophones: tsime reruzha ikoromo yemhepo. Muimbi anofuridzira mhepo mumuromo, iyo inoungana mumuviri unorira uye inobereka masaisai enzwi.

Manotsi ecornet akanyorwa mumutsetse we treble; muchiratidzo, mutsara wekona unowanzo kuwanikwa pasi pezvikamu zvehwamanda. Inoshandiswa ese ari ega uye sechikamu chemhepo uye symphony orchestras.

Nhoroondo yezvinoitika

Matangiro echiridzwa chemhangura akanga ari nyanga yedanda nekona yemapuranga. Nyanga makare-kare yaishandiswa kupa zviratidzo kuvavhimi nemaposita. MuMiddle Ages, cornet yemapuranga yakasimuka, iyo yaizivikanwa pamakwikwi emakwikwi nemhando dzose dzezviitiko zveguta. Yakashandiswa ega nemunyori mukuru weItaly Claudio Monteverdi.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi18, cornet yemapuranga yakarasikirwa nekuzivikanwa kwayo. Muma30s ezana ramakore rechi 19, Sigismund Stölzel akagadzira yemazuva ano cornet-a-piston ine piston mechanism. Gare gare, cornetist ane mukurumbira Jean-Baptiste Arban akaita mupiro wakakura mukugovera nekusimudzirwa kwechiridzwa pasi rese. MaFrench conservatories akatanga kuvhura akawanda makirasi ekuridza cornet, zviridzwa, pamwe nehwamanda, zvakatanga kuunzwa mumaokestra akasiyana.

Cornet yakauya kuRussia muzana remakore rechi19. Mukuru Tsar Nicholas I, nekunaka kwevatambi vakuru, akaziva Play pazviridzwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvemhepo, pakati payo paiva nendarira yekona-a-piston.

Tool mudziyo

Kutaura nezve dhizaini uye chimiro chechiridzwa, chinofanira kutaurwa kuti kunze kwakafanana chaizvo nepombi, asi ine yakakura uye isina kureba chiyero, nekuda kwekuti ine ruzha rwakapfava.

Pakona, zvose zviri zviviri valve mechanism uye pistons zvinogona kushandiswa. Zviridzwa zvinoshandisa mavharuvhu zvave kuwanda nekuda kwekureruka kwekushandisa uye kuvimbika kwekugadzirisa kugadzikana.

Iyo piston system inogadzirwa nenzira yekiyi-mabhatani ari pamusoro, maererano nemuromo. Kureba kwemuviri pasina muromo ndeye 295-320 mm. Pane mamwe masampuli, korona yakakosha inoiswa kuti ivakezve chiridzwa semitone yakaderera, kureva kubva kuTuning B kuenda kuTuning A, iyo inobvumira muimbi kuti akurumidze uye nyore kuridza zvikamu mumakiyi akapinza.

sounding

Rudzi rwekunzwika chaiko kwekona yakakura kwazvo - ingangoita matatu octave: kubva painoti mi yediki octave kusvika kunoti kusvika kune yechitatu octave. Iyi chiyero inopa muiti rusununguko rwakawanda muzvinhu zvekuvandudza.

Kutaura nezve matambo echiridzwa chemimhanzi, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti unyoro uye velvety ruzha rwuripo chete murejista yekutanga octave. Manotsi pazasi pekutanga octave inonzwika kusuruvara uye kutyisa. Yechipiri octave inoita kunge ine ruzha uye yakanyanya sonorous.

Vanyori vazhinji vakashandisa mikana iyi yemavara eruzha mumabasa avo, vachiratidza manzwiro uye manzwiro emutsara wenziyo kuburikidza netimbre yecornet-a-piston. Semuenzaniso, Berlioz mune symphony "Harold muItaly" akashandisa zvinotyisa zvakanyanya zvechiridzwa.

kushandisa

Nekuda kwekutsetsenura kwavo, kufamba, runako rwekurira, mitsetse yega mumhanzi mikuru yemimhanzi yakatsaurirwa kumakona. Mumhanzi weRussia, chiridzwa chakashandiswa mukutamba kweNeapolitan mune yakakurumbira ballet "Swan Lake" naPyotr Tchaikovsky uye kutamba kwe ballerina mumutambo "Petrushka" naIgor Stravinsky.

Iyo cornet-a-piston yakakunda vaimbi vejazz ensembles zvakare. Vamwe vepasi rose vane mukurumbira cornet jazz virtuosos vaive Louis Armstrong naMambo Oliver.

Muzana remakore rechi20, apo hwamanda yakagadziridzwa, makoneti akarasikirwa nekukosha kwawo uye akapotsa asiya zvachose kuumbwa kwe orchestra uye jazz troupes.

Muzviitiko zvemazuva ano, makoneti anogona kunzwika pane dzimwe nguva mumakonti, dzimwe nguva mumabhendi endarira. Uye iyo cornet-a-piston inoshandiswawo seyamuro yekudzidzisa yevadzidzi.