Gitare - zvese nezve chiridzwa chemimhanzi

Gitare chiridzwa chine tambo chakabvutwa , chimwe chezviridzwa zvakapararira pasi rose. Inoshandiswa sechiridzwa chinoperekedza kana chiri choga mumataira mazhinji emimhanzi uye nzira dzemimhanzi, chiri chiridzwa chikuru mumataera ekuimba seblues, nyika, flamenco, rock- mimhanzi, dzimwe nguva jazz, nezvimwe. Yakagadzirwa muzana remakore rechi20, magetsi. gitare raive nesimba rakasimba patsika dzakakurumbira.

Mumhanzi wegitare anonzi a guitarist. Munhu anogadzira nekugadzirisa magitare anonzi a gitare luthier or luthier ^{[ 1]}.

Nhoroondo yegitare

mavambo

Uchapupu hwekutanga huripo hwezviridzwa zvine tambo zvine muviri unonzwika uye mutsipa, madzitateguru egitare remazuva ano, akadzokera ku2nd millennium BC.^[2] Mifananidzo yekinnor (chiridzwa chine tambo cheSumerian - Bhabhironi, chinotaurwa mungano dzemubhaibheri) yakawanikwa pamatombo evhu panguva yekuchera matongo muMesopotamia. Zviridzwa zvakafanana zvaizivikanwawo muEgypt yekare neIndia: nabla, nefer, zither muEgypt, veena uye sitar muIndia. MuGirisi neRoma yekare chiridzwa chinonzi cithara chakanga chakakurumbira.

Iwo akatangira gitare aive nemuviri wakareba wakatenderera uye mutsipa wakareba une tambo dzakatambanudzirwa pariri. Mutumbi wakagadzirwa muchidimbu chimwe - kubva panhanga yakaomeswa, goko rekamba, kana kuchekwa kubva pachidimbu chehuni. Mumakore III-IV AD. e. muChina, iyo ruan (kana yuan) ^[3] uye yueqin ^[4] zviridzwa zvakaonekwa , umo muviri wemapuranga waiunganidzwa kubva kumusoro nepasi pasi mabhodhi uye mativi anoabatanidza. MuEurope , izvi zvakakonzera kutangwa kwemagitare echiLatin neMoor kumakore ekuma6. Gare gare, muXV - XVI mazana emakore, chiridzwa chakaonekwavihuela , zvakare chine simba mukugadzirisa kuvakwa kwegitare yemazuva ano.

Kwakatangira zita

Izwi rekuti "gitare" rinobva mukubatanidzwa kwemazwi maviri: izwi rechiSanskrit "sangita" rinoreva "mimhanzi" uye Old Persian "tar" zvinoreva "tambo". Maererano neimwe shanduro, shoko rokuti "gitare" rinobva pashoko rechiSanskrit rokuti "kutur", rinoreva "tambo ina" (cf. setar - tambo nhatu). Sezvo gitare rakapararira kubva kuCentral Asia kuburikidza neGreece kuenda kuWestern Europe, izwi rekuti "gitare" rakachinja: "cithara (ϰιθάϱα)" muGreece yekare, Latin "cithara", "gitarra" kuSpain, "chitarra" kuItaly, "gitare". ” muFrance, “gitare” muEngland, uye pakupedzisira, “gitare” muRussia. Iro zita rekuti "gitare" rakatanga kuoneka muEuropean medieval mabhuku muzana ramakore re13. ^[5]

Spanish gitare

MuMiddle Ages, nzvimbo huru yekuvandudzwa kwegitare yaive Spain, uko gitare raibva kuRoma yekare ( ChiLatin gitare ) uye pamwe chete nevakundi vechiArab ( Moorish gitare ) Muzana remakore rechi15, gitare rakagadzirwa kuSpain rine tambo 5 mbiri (tambo yekutanga inogona kunge isina imwe) yakapararira. Magitare akadaro anonzi Magitare echiSpanish . Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 18, gitare reSpain, mukushanduka-shanduka, inowana 6 tambo imwe chete uye yakawanda repertoire yemabasa, iyo kuumbwa kwayo kwakapesvedzerwa zvakanyanya. Muimbi wekuItaly uye virtuoso gitare Mauro Giuliani.

Russian gitare

Gitare rakauya kuRussia nguva pfupi yadarika, paraizivikanwa muEurope kwemazana mashanu emakore. Asi mimhanzi yese yekuMadokero yakatanga kupinda zvakanyanya muRussia pakupera kwe17 uye kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 18. ^[6] . Gitare yakagamuchira nzvimbo yakasimba nekuda kwevanyori veItaly nevaimbi vakasvika muRussia pakupera kwezana remakore rechi17, kunyanya Giuseppe Sarti uye Carlo Canobbio . Imwe nguva gare gare, pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, gitare yakasimbisa nzvimbo yaro muRussia nekuda kwaMarcus Aurelius Zani de Ferranti , uyo akasvika muSt. Petersburg muna 1821, ipapo Mauro Giuliani naFernando Sor vakatenderera . Sor, achisiya mudzimai wake we ballerina muMoscow, uyo akazova mukadzi wekutanga weRussia choreographer, akazvitsaurira chidimbu chemimhanzi yegitare inonzi "Kurangarira kweRussia" kuenda kuRussia. Ichi chikamu chiri kuitwa kunyange ikozvino ^[6] . Nikolai Petrovich Makarov ^[6] akanga ari mutambi wegitare wokutanga anokosha wokuRussia kuridza chiridzwa chine tambo nhanhatu . MuRussia, pakupera kwezana remakore rechi18 uye kutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, shanduro yechinomwe yegitare yeSpain yakave yakakurumbira, kunyanya nekuda kwemabasa emunyori ane tarenda uye virtuoso gitare Andrei Sikhra aigara panguva iyoyo , uyo akanyora. anopfuura chiuru anoshanda pachiridzwa ichi, inonzi "chiRussian gitare".

Classical gitare

Munguva yezana remakore rechi18 - 19th, dhizaini yegitare yeSpain inochinja zvikuru, vatenzi vanoedza nehukuru uye chimiro chemuviri, kusungirirwa kwemutsipa, kugadzirwa kwembambo, nezvimwewo. Pakupedzisira, muzana remakore rechi19, mugadziri wegitare wekuSpain Antonio Torres akapa gitare chimiro nekukura kwaro kwemazuva ano. Magitare akagadzirwa naTorres nhasi anonzi classical magitare . Mutambi wegitare akakurumbira panguva iyoyo ndiye muimbi wekuSpain uye mutambi wegitare Francisco Tarrega, uyo akaisa nheyo dzechinyakare nzira yekuridza gitare. Muzana remakore rechi20, basa rake rakaenderera mberi nemuimbi weSpain, gitare uye mudzidzisi Andres Segovia.

Gitare yemagetsi

Muzana remakore rechi20, maererano nekuuya kwemagetsi ekusimudzira uye teknolojia yekugadzirisa inzwi, rudzi rutsva rwegitare rwakaonekwa - gitare yemagetsi. Muna 1936, Georges Beauchamp naAdolphe Rickenbecker, vakatanga kambani yeRickenbacker, vakapa patent yegitare remagetsi rekutanga rine magineti pickups uye muviri wesimbi (inonzi "frying pan"). Mukutanga kwema1950, mainjiniya eAmerica uye muzvinabhizimusi Leo Fender, uye injiniya uye muimbi Les Paul vakazvimiririra kune mumwe nemumwe, vanogadzira gitare remagetsi rine muviri wakasimba wehuni, dhizaini yakaramba isingachinji nanhasi. Mutambi ane simba guru pagitare remagetsi (maererano nemagazini yeRolling Stone) mutambi wegitare wekuAmerica Jimi Hendrix aigara pakati pezana remakore rechi20. ^[7] .

Gitare Rinosanganisira

Sezviridzwa zvese zvemimhanzi, gitare rine zvikamu zvakati wandei. Inotarisa chimwe chinhu semufananidzo uri pasi apa. Chimiro chegitare inosanganisira: bhodhi rekurira, nati, rutivi, mutsipa, mapegi, nzungu, nzungu, frets, gomba resonator uye chibatiso.

chimiro chegitare kazhinji inoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pasi apa

Chinhu chimwe nechimwe (chikamu) chine basa rei?

Chigaro chinoshanda sechikwiriso chezvisungo: zvinogadziriswa ipapo nemakaturiji anokosha, apo kupera kwetambo kunopinda mukati megitare.

Iyo dhizaini iri pamberi uye kumashure kwegitare, ndinofunga zvese zvakajeka pano zvakadaro. Iyo goko ndiyo inobatanidza chikamu chepamberi neshure, inoumba muviri wayo.

Mutsipa une sills. Nzungu - protrusions pane fretboard. Nhambwe iri pakati penzungu inonzi fret. Kana vachiti "first fret" - zvinoreva kuti vanoreva chinhambwe pakati pemusoro wemusoro uye nzungu yekutanga.

   
                 fret nut - chinhambwe chiri pakati penzungu

Kana iri fretboard - iwe unenge uchinetsekana izvozvi, asi kune magitare ane mitsipa miviri kamwechete!

Mapegi ekugadzirisa ndiwo chikamu chekunze chemeshini inosimbisa (kusunungura) tambo. Tichishandura mapegi ekugadzirisa, tinoisa gitare, ita kuti iite zvakanaka.

Gomba resonator ndiro buri regitare, panenge paine ruoko rwedu rwerudyi kana tichiridza gitare. Chaizvoizvo, iyo yakakura vhoriyamu yegitare, iyo yakadzika kurira kwayo (asi izvi zviri kure nechinhu chikuru chinotaridza mumhando yekurira).

Approximate Specifications

• Nhamba yefrets - kubva ku19 (yekirasi) kusvika ku27 (electro)
• Nhamba yetambo - kubva pa4 kusvika ku14
• Mensura - kubva 0.5 m kusvika 0.8 m
• Dimensions 1.5 m × 0.5 m × 0.2 m
• Huremu - kubva> 1 (acoustic) kusvika ≈15 kg

Gitare classification

Huwandu hukuru hwemhando dzegitare dziripo parizvino dzinogona kuverengerwa zvichienderana neanotevera maitiro:

• Acoustic gitare - gitare rinorira nerubatsiro rwemuviri wakagadzirwa nenzira yeacoustic resonator.
• Gitare remagetsi - gitare rinorira kuburikidza nekusimudzira magetsi uye kuberekazve kwechiratidzo chakatorwa kubva patambo dzinozunguza nepikicha.
• Semi-acoustic gitare (electro-acoustic gitare) - musanganiswa weacoustic uye magetsi magitare, kana kuwedzera kune hollow acoustic body, mapikicha anopiwawo mukugadzira.
• Gitare resonator (resonant kana resonant gitare) imhando yeacoustic gitare umo simbi acoustic resonators yakavakirwa mumuviri inoshandiswa kuwedzera vhoriyamu.
• A synthesizer gitare (MIDI gitare) gitare rakagadzirwa kuti rishandiswe semudziyo wekupinza weizwi synthesizer.

Nekugadzira hull

• Classical gitare - acoustic matanhatu-tambo gitare rakagadzirwa naAntonio Torres (XIX remakore).
• A folk gitare is acoustic six-string guitar yakagadziridzwa kushandisa simbi tambo.
• A flattop igitare revanhu vane top top.
• Archtop is acoustic kana semi-acoustic gitare ine convex kumberi bhobhobhobho uye f-shaped resonator maburi (efs) ari kumucheto kweizwi. Kazhinji, mutumbi wegitare rakadaro wakafanana neviolin yakakura. Yakagadzirwa muma1920s naGibson.
• Dreadnought - gitare revanhu vane muviri wakakura wechimiro che "rectangular". Iyo ine vhoriyamu yakawedzera kana ichienzaniswa neyekare kesi uye predominance yepasi-frequency zvikamu mutimbre. Yakagadzirwa muma1920 naMartin.
• Iyo jumbo ishanduro yakakurisa yegitare revanhu, rakagadzirwa muna 1937 naGibson uye rave nemukurumbira pakati penyika uye rock magitare.
• Western - acoustic kana electro-acoustic gitare, hunhu hwemagitare akadaro chave chekucheka pasi pekupedzisira frets kuitira kuti zvive nyore sezvinobvira kuwana aya ekupedzisira frets.

By range

• Regular gitare - kubva kuD (mi) yehombe octave kusvika kuC (re) yechitatu octave. Kushandisa tapureta (Floyd Rose) inobvumidza iwe kuti uwedzere zvakanyanya huwandu mumativi ese. Huwandu hwegitare hunenge 4 octaves.
• Bass gitare igitare rine ruzha rwakaderera, kazhinji octave imwe yakaderera pane gitare renguva dzose. Yakagadzirwa neFender muma1950s.
• Tenor gitare igitare rine tambo ina rine chikero chipfupi, renji uye banjo tuning.
• Gitare rebaritone gitare rine chikero chakareba kupfuura gitare renguva dzose, iro rinobvumira kuti rive nenzwi rakaderera. Yakagadzirwa naDanelectro muma1950s.

Nekuvapo kwekutambudzika

• Gitare renguva dzose igitare rine frets uye frets uye rinogadziridzwa kuridza mukufanana.
• A fretless gitare igitare risina mafiro. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvibvire kuburitsa manzwi enzwi risingawirirani kubva pagitare, pamwe chete nekuchinja kwakatsetseka kwenzwi renzwi rabviswa. Fretless bass magitare akajairika.
• Slide gitare (Slide gitare) - gitare rakagadzirirwa kutamba neslide, mune gitare rakadaro pitch inoshanduka zvakanaka nerubatsiro rwechigadzirwa chakakosha - siraidhi inofambiswa pamwe netambo.

Nenyika (nzvimbo) yekwakabva

• Gitare reSpanish iacoustic-tambo-tambo nhanhatu gitare rakaonekwa kuSpain mu13th - 15th century.
• Gitare rekuRussia iacoustic-tambo nomwe gitare rakaonekwa muRussia muzana remakore rechi18 - 19th.
• Ukulele igitare rinotsvedza rinoshanda munzvimbo ye "nhema", kureva kuti, muviri wegitare wakarara pamakumbo egitare kana pachigadziko chakakosha, nepo gitare anogara pachigaro kana kumira padivi pegitare senge pa. tafura.

Nemhando yemimhanzi

• Classical gitare - acoustic matanhatu-tambo gitare rakagadzirwa naAntonio Torres (XIX remakore).
• A folk gitare is acoustic six-string guitar yakagadziridzwa kushandisa simbi tambo.
• Flamenco gitare - classical gitare, yakagadziridzwa kune zvinodiwa zveflamenco mumhanzi maitiro, ine inopinza timbre yekurira.
• Jazz gitare (orchestral gitare) ndiro zita rakagadzwa reGibson archtops uye analogues avo. Aya magitare ane ruzha rwakapinza, rwunonyatsosiyanisa mukuumbwa kwejazi orchestra, iyo yakafanoronga mukurumbira wavo pakati pemagitare ejazz e20s uye 30s yeXX century.

Nebasa mubasa rakaitwa

• Solo gitare - gitare rakagadzirirwa kuita melodic solo zvikamu, zvinoratidzwa neinopinza uye inonzwisisika inonzwika yemanotsi ega ega.

Mumhanzi wechinyakare, gitare rega rinotorwa segitare risina ensemble, zvikamu zvese zvinotorwa negitare rimwe, rudzi rwakaoma kwazvo rwekuridza gitare.

• Rhythm gitare - gitare rakagadzirirwa kuridza rhythm zvikamu, inoratidzwa neinoremedza uye yakawanda yunifomu inonzwika timbre, kunyanya mune yakaderera frequencies.
• Bass Guitar - Gitare rakadzika-renji rinowanzo shandiswa kuridza bass mitsetse.

Nehuwandu hwetambo

• Gitare rine tambo ina (4-string gitare) igitare rine tambo ina. Ruzhinji rwechina-tambo magitare magitare ebass kana tenor guitars.
• Gitare rine tambo nhanhatu (6-string gitare) - gitare rine tambo nhanhatu. Iyo yakanyanya mwero uye yakapararira siyana.
• Gitare retambo nomwe (7-string gitare) - gitare rine tambo nomwe. Inonyanya kushanda mumimhanzi yeRussia neSoviet kubva muzana remakore rechi18-19 kusvika nhasi.
• Gumi nembiri-tambo gitare (12-tambo gitare) - gitare rine tambo gumi nembiri, ichiita nhanhatu mbiri, yakarongedzwa, sekutonga, mu classical system mune octave kana pamwe chete. Inoridzwa zvakanyanya nevaimbi verock vane hunyanzvi , vaimbi vechivanhu nemabhadhi .
• Vamwe - Kune huwandu hukuru hweasingawanikwe epakati uye mahybrid mafomu emagitare ane nhamba yakawedzera yetambo. Pane kuwedzera kuri nyore kwetambo kuwedzera huwandu hwechiridzwa (semuenzaniso shanu-tambo uye matanhatu-tambo mabhesi magitare), pamwe nekupeta kana kupeta katatu zvimwe kana tambo dzese kuti uwane yakapfuma timbre yekurira. Kune zvakare magitare ane ekuwedzera (kazhinji imwe) mitsipa yekureruka kwekuita wega kwemamwe mabasa.

mwe

• Gitare reDobro gitare resonator rakagadzirwa muna 1928 nehama dzeDopera. Parizvino "Guitare Dobro" chiratidzo chekutengeserana cheGibson.
• Ukulele idiki-tambo ina-tambo shanduro yegitare rakagadzirwa mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19 muHawaiian Islands.
• Kurova gitare (tap gitare) - gitare rakagadzirirwa kuridzwa uchishandisa iyo tapping nzira yekubudisa inzwi.
• Warr gitare igitare remagetsi, rine muviri wakafanana neyakajairwa magetsi gitare, uye inobvumirawo dzimwe nzira dzekugadzira ruzha. Pane zvingasarudzwa ne8, 12 kana 14 tambo. Haina default setting.
• Chimuti chaChapman igitare remagetsi. Haina muviri, inobvumira Kutamba kubva kumativi maviri. Iine tambo gumi kana gumi nembiri. Nechepfungwa, zvinokwanisika kutamba kusvika kugumi manotsi panguva imwe chete (10 chigunwe - 12 chinyorwa).

Gitare nzira

Pakuridza gitare, mutambi anopinza tambo pafretboard neminwe yeruboshwe, uye anoshandisa zvigunwe zveruoko rwerudyi kuburitsa ruzha mune imwe yenzira dzakati wandei. Gitare riri pamberi pegitare ( rakachinjika kana pakona, mutsipa wakasimudzwa kusvika madhigirii 45), rakazembera pamabvi, kana kuti rakarembera pabhandi rakarembera pabendekete. Vamwe vari kuruboshwe - vane magitare vanoshandura mutsipa wegitare kurudyi , dhonza tambo zvichienderana uye shandura mashandiro emaoko - sunga tambo neruoko rwerudyi, bvisa ruzha neruboshwe. Kupfuurirazve, mazita emaoko anopiwa kune ari kurudyi - ruoko gitare.

Kugadzirwa kwenzwi

Nzira huru yekugadzirwa kwezwi pagitare ndeyepini - gitare anokochekera tambo nemuromo wemunwe wake kana nzwara, anodhonza zvishoma uye anoburitsa. Pakutamba neminwe panoshandiswa marudzi maviri ekudzura anoti apoyando netirando .

kutsigira (kubva kuSpanish  kutsigira , kutsamira ) iri pinch mushure mezvo chigunwe chinozorora patambo yakatarisana . Nekubatsirwa kweapoyando, mapeji ekuyera anoitwa, pamwe chete ne cantilena, iyo inoda kunyanya kudzika uye kuzere inzwi. Rini kutora ( Spanish tirando - dhonza ), mukati   kusiyana neapoyando , munwe mushure mekudzura hauregi pane iri pedyo, tambo yakakora, asi inotsvaira zvakasununguka pamusoro payo, mumanotsi, kana chiratidzo chakakosha apoyando (^) chisina kuratidzwa, ipapo basa rinoridzwa uchishandisa nzira yetirando.

Zvakare, gitare rinogona kurova ese kana akati wandei tambo dzakatenderedza kamwechete neminwe mitatu kana mina pasina kushanda nesimba. _ Iyi nzira yekugadzira ruzha inonzi rasgueado . Zita rekuti "ches" rinowanikwawo.

Iyo pini uye kurohwa kunogona kuitwa neminwe yeruoko rwerudyi kana nerubatsiro rwechigadzirwa chakakosha chinonzi plectrum (kana plectrum). The plectrum ndiro duku rakafuratira rezvinhu zvakaoma - bone , plastiki kana simbi . Muridzi wegitare anoribata muzvigunwe zveruoko rwake rwerudyi nezvipini kana kurova tambo nayo .

Mbama inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munziyo dzakawanda dzemazuva ano . Kuti aite izvi, mutambi wegitare anorova tambo imwe nesimba nechigunwe chake, kana kuti anonhonga oregedza tambo . Maitiro aya anonzi mbama ( hit ) uye pop ( hook ), zvichiteerana . Kunyanya mbama inoshandiswa pakuridza bass gitare . _

Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, imwe nzira yekutamba isina kujairika yakagadziridzwa , nzira itsva yekubudisa inzwi, apo tambo inotanga kurira kubva pakurovera kwemunwe wechiedza pakati pe frets pafingerboard. Iyi nzira yekugadzira ruzha inonzi tapping ( two-handed tapping kana uchitamba nemaoko maviri) kana TouchStyle. At kubaya kwakafanana nekuridza piyano, ruoko rumwe norumwe ruchitamba chikamu charwo chakazvimirira.

Ruoko rworuboshwe

Neruoko rweruboshwe , gitare rinobata mutsipa kubva pasi , akazembera chigunwe chake nechekumashure . Zvimwe zvigunwe zvinoshandiswa kupinza tambo panzvimbo yekushanda yefretboard. Zvigunwe zvakasarudzwa uye zvakaverengwa sezvinotevera: 1 - index , 2 - pakati , 3 - ring , 4 -kinwe . Nzvimbo yeruoko inoenderana nemafrets inonzi "nzvimbo" uye inoratidzirwa nenhamba yeRoma. Semuenzaniso, kana mutambi wegitare akadambura tambo ne 1st munwe pa 4th shuwa vobva vati ruoko rwuri pa4th position . Tambo isina kutambanudzwa inonzi tambo yakazaruka.

Tambo dzakasungwa nemapads eminwe - saka, nemunwe mumwe, gitare anodzvanya tambo imwe pane imwe fret. Kana iyo index finger ikaiswa flat pafretboard , ipapo akati wandei , kana kunyange ese, tambo pane imwechete fret inotsikirirwa kamwechete. Iyi nzira yakajairika inonzi " Pazvibato zvechizarira “. Pane bhara guru ( bhara rakazara ), apo chigunwe chinodzvanya tambo dzose, uye chidimbu chiduku ( hafu-bare), apo nhamba duku yetambo ( kusvika ku2) inotsikirirwa. Zvimwe zvigunwe zvinoramba zvakasununguka panguva yekugadzika kwebhari uye zvinogona kushandiswa kusungirira tambo pane dzimwe nzira. Kune zvakare chords umo, mukuwedzera kune hombe bare nemunwe wekutanga, zvinofanirwa kutora diki bare pane imwe fret, iyo iyo chero yeminwe yemahara inoshandiswa, zvichienderana ne "kutamba" kwechimwe chinhu. chord .

Gitare tricks

Pamusoro pemaitiro ekutanga ekuridza gitare anotsanangurwa pamusoro apa, kune nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nevairidza magitare mumhando dzakasiyana dzemimhanzi .

• Arpeggio (brute force) - inoteedzana kudhirowa kwemanzwi ekurira. Inoitwa nekudzura zvakatevedzana tambo dzakasiyana nemunwe mumwe kana kupfuura.
• Arpeggio - inokurumidza kwazvo, mune imwe kufamba, inoteedzana kutorwa kwemanzwi ari patambo dzakasiyana.
• Bend (kusimbisa) – kusimudza inzwi nekuchinjika kwetambo padivi pe fret nut. Zvichienderana neruzivo rwegitare uye tambo dzinoshandiswa , nzira iyi inogona kuwedzera chinyorwa chakabudiswa nechidimbu nehafu kusvika kumatoni maviri .
  • Kubhenda kuri nyore – tambo inotanga kurohwa yozodhonzwa .
  • Prebend – tambo inotanga kudhonzwa yobva yarohwa .
  • Reverse bend – tambo inodhonzwa mudenga chinyararire , yorohwa yodzikiswa kusvika painonyorwa .
  • Legacy bend - kurova tambo , kusimbisa , ipapo tambo inodzikiswa kune yekutanga toni .
  • Bend grace note - kurova tambo nekusimbisa panguva imwe chete.
  • Unison bend - inotorwa nekurova tambo mbiri , ipapo chinyorwa chepasi chinosvika pakukwirira kwepamusoro . Manotsi ese ari maviri anonzwika panguva imwe chete .
  • Microbend inosimudzira isina kugadzika muhurefu , neinosvika 1/4 yetoni.
• Kurwa - pasi nechigunwe , kumusoro ne index , pasi ne index ine plug , kumusoro ne index .
• Vibrato inguva diki shanduko munzwi rezwi rakabviswa. Inoitwa nerubatsiro rweoscillations yeruoko rworuboshwe pamutsipa, apo simba rekutsikirira tambo rinoshanduka, pamwe chete nechisimba chekutambudzika kwayo uye, maererano naizvozvo, kukwirira. Imwe nzira yekuita vibrato ndeyekutevedzana nguva nenguva kwe "bend" nzira kusvika padiki kureba. Pamagitare emagetsi ane ” whammy bar ” ( tremolo systems ), lever inowanzo shandiswa kuita vibrato .
• Zvisere ( rumba )- munwe pasi , chigunwe pasi , index finger up } ka2 , index down and up .
• Glissando inotsvedza inotsvedza shanduko pakati pemanotsi. Pagitare , zvinogoneka pakati pemanotsi ari patambo imwe chete , uye inoitwa nekufambisa ruoko kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe pasina kuburitsa chigunwe ichidzvanya tambo .
• Golpe ( Spanish :  kupfura  - pfutidza) - maitiro ekutamba, kubata bhodhi regitare reacoustic nechigunwe, uchiridza. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhanzi weflamenco. _
• Legato - kuenderera mberi kwekuita kwezvinyorwa . Gitare rinoridzwa neruboshwe .
  • Rising ( percussion ) legato - tambo yagara ichirira inosungwa nekufamba kwakasimba uye kwakasimba kwechigunwe cheruoko rweruboshwe , uku ruzha rusina nguva yekumira . Zita reChirungu rehunyanzvi uhu rinowanikwawo - sando, sando - he .
  • Kudzika legato - chigunwe chinodhonzwa kubva patambo, zvishoma nezvishoma uchisimudza panguva imwe chete. Kune zvakare zita reChirungu - dziva, dziva - off.
  • Trill iko kukurumidza kuchinjanisa manotsi maviri anoitwa nemusanganiswa wesando nemaitiro edhamu.
• Pizzicato inoridzwa nekudzurwa kweruoko rwerudyi. Tambo inobatwa neruoko rwerudyi pakati pechigunwe chechigunwe nechigunwe , tambo yobva yadhonzwa kure kure yoregedzerwa . Kazhinji tambo inodhonzwa kumashure zvishoma , zvichiita kuti pave neruzha rwakapfava . Kana chinhambwe chiri hombe , ipapo tambo inorova mafiritsi uye yowedzera kurira kune ruzha .
• Kudzungudza nechanza cheruoko rwerudyi – kutamba neruzha rwusinganzwisisike, kana chanza cherudyi chikaiswa chikamu chepanomira ( zambuko ), pamwe patambo . Zita rechiRungu reunyanzvi uhwu, rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nevatambi vemazuva ano, ndi“ palm mute” ( eng. mbeveve  - mbeveve).  
• Pulgar ( Spanish:  chigunwe  - chigunwe ) - hunyanzvi hwekutamba nechigunwe cheruoko rwerudyi . Nzira huru yekugadzira ruzha mumhanzi weflamenco. Tambo yacho inotanga kurohwa nechepadivi pepuru yozoti nechekumucheto kwechigunwe .
• Kutsvaira ( Chirungu  sweep – tsvaira ) – kutsvedza nhokwe uchikwidza kana pasi paunenge uchiridza arpeggios , kana kutsvedza chipikiri netambo dzakanyarara kumusoro kana pasi, zvichigadzira ruzha rwekukwenya pamberi pechinyorwa chikuru.
• Staccato – Pfupi, staccato manotsi. Inoitwa nekusunungura tambo dzeminwe yeruoko rweruboshwe , kana nekudzikisa tambo dzeruoko rwerudyi , pakarepo mushure mekutora ruzha kana kurira .
• Ngoma ndiyo imwe nzira yekurova iyo inosanganisira kurova tambo munzvimbo yekumira, inokodzera magitare ane muviri usina mhango, acoustic uye semi-acoustic.
• Tremolo inokurumidza kudzokororwa kudzura pasina kushandura noti.
• Harmonic ndiko kunyarara kweharmonic huru yetambo nekubata tambo inorira chaiyo panzvimbo ichikamura kuita nhamba yakazara yezvikamu . Kune mahumoni echisikigo, anoridzwa patambo yakashama, uye artificial, anoridzwa patambo yakasungirirwa. Kune zvakare inonzi murevereri a harmonic inogadzirwa kana ruzha rwagadzirwa panguva imwe chete ne plectrum nenyama yechigunwe kana chigunwe chepamberi yakabata plectrum.

Gitare notation

Mugitare , mitsindo mizhinji mumhando iripo inogona kutorwa nenzira dzinoverengeka. Semuenzaniso, ruzha mi ye octave yekutanga inogona kutorwa pane yekutanga tambo yakavhurika, pa1nd tambo pane yechishanu fret, pachitatu tambo pa2 fret, _ pachina tambo pa5 fret, pa3th. tambo pa9th fret uye pa4th tambo pa14th fret (pa5-tambo gitare ine 19 frets uye standard tuning). _ _ _ _ Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nekutamba kwebasa kumwechete nenzira dzakawanda , kubvisa manzwi anodiwa patambo dzakasiyana uye kudzvanya tambo neminwe yakasiyana . Muchiitiko ichi, timbre yakasiyana ichakunda kune imwe neimwe tambo. Kurongeka kwezvigunwe zvegitare pakuridza chimedu kunonzi kugunzva kwechidimbu ichocho. Makonzonenzi akasiyana-siyana uye chords anogonawo kuva inoridzwa nenzira dzakawanda uye zvakare ine zvigunwe zvakasiyana. Pane nzira dzinoverengeka dzekurekodha gitare zvigunwe.

Music notation

Mumhanzi wemazuva ano , pakurekodha mabasa egitare , seti yezvibvumirano zvinoshandiswa kuratidza minwe yebasa . Saka, tambo iyo inokurudzirwa kuridza ruzha inoratidzwa nenhamba yetambo mudenderedzwa, nzvimbo yeruoko rweruboshwe ( mode ) inoratidzwa nenhamba yeRoma , zvigunwe. ruboshwe - nhamba kubva pa1 kusvika 4 ( tambo yakazaruka - 0 ), zvigunwe zveruoko rwerudyi - mumabhii echiLatin p , i , m uye a , uye nzira yekusarudza ine zvidhori  ( pasi, ndiko kuti, kure newe) uye  ( kumusoro , kureva kuti iwe pachako ).

Pamusoro pezvo, kana uchiverenga mimhanzi, unofanirwa kuyeuka kuti gitare chiridzwa chinotapurirana - mashandiro egitare anogara akarekodhwa octave yakakwirira kupfuura yaanorira. Izvi zvinoitwa kuitira kudzivirira nhamba huru yemitsara yekuwedzera kubva pasi.

Tablature

Imwe nzira yekurekodha mabasa egitare ndeye tablature kurekodha, kana tablature. Iyo gitare tablature hairatidze hurefu, asi chinzvimbo uye tambo yeruzha rwega ega rwechidimbu. Zvakare mune tablature notation, zvigunwe zvimaki zvakafanana neizvo zvinoshandiswa mukuimba notation zvinogona kushandiswa. tablature notation inogona kushandiswa zvakazvimiririra uye pamwe chete nemimhanzi notation.

Fingering

Kune mifananidzo yakajeka yezvigunwe zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuita kudzidza kuridza gitare, inonziwo "fingering". Chigunwe chakafanana chimedu chine schematically chinoratidzwa chegitare rine madots akaiswa nzvimbo dzekuseta zvigunwe zveruboshwe. Zvigunwe zvinogona kusarudzwa nenhamba dzavo, pamwe chete nechinzvimbo chechidimbu pane fretboard.

Kune kirasi yezvigadzirwa zvesoftware "gitare chord Calculator" - izvi zvirongwa zvinogona kuverenga uye kuratidza zvakajeka zvigunwe zvese zvinogoneka kune yakapihwa chord.

Zvishandiso zvegitare

Yakasiyana-siyana yezvishandiso uye zvigadziriso zvinogona kushandiswa negitare panguva yekushandiswa uye kuita, kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Plectrum ( murevereri ) – ndiro diki ( rakagadzirwa nepurasitiki , bhonzo , simbi) rine ukobvu hwe0 . 1-1 ( dzimwe nguva kusvika 3 ) mm, inoshandiswa kuburitsa inzwi.
• Slider - cylinder ine gomba yezvinhu zvakaoma uye yakatsetseka, kunyanya simbi kana girazi (bhodhoro), inopfekwa pane imwe yeminwe yeruboshwe; inoita basa re " sliding threshold ", zvichikutendera kuti usashandure zvine mutsindo kukwirira kwemanzwi akabviswa .
• Capo - chishandiso chekugara uchisunga zvese kana akati wandei tambo panguva imwe chete, kurerutsa kutamba mune mamwe makiyi, pamwe nekuwedzera kurira kwechiridzwa.
• Mhosva - chikesi chakapfava kana chakaoma kana chikesi chekuchengeta uye (kana) kutakura gitare .
• Mira ( mira ) - chigadziro chekugadzirisa zvakachengeteka chigadziro pasi kana pamadziro, kuitira kuchengetedza kwenguva pfupi.
• Tambo yegitare itambo inogadzirwa nezvinhu zvinogara kwenguva refu ( dehwe kana synthetic ) inobvumira mutambi kuti aite nziyo zvakanaka akamira .
• Gitare clef chishandiso chekugadzirisa mutsipa wegitare rekirasi (iyo yakanamirwa kumuviri ine yakakosha kugadzirisa screw).
• Hex chipanera - t . n . " truss ", kugadzirisa kukanganisa kwemutsipa (uye, maererano, kureba pakati petambo uye frets) pamagitare akawanda emazuva ano nekusunungura - tensioning truss rod. Kiyi imwechete, asi idiki, inoshandiswa kunanga uye kugadziriswa kwakanaka kwepakati pakati petambo nemutsipa pane mamwe maenzanisi emagitare emagetsi.
• Turntable - mudziyo unofambisa mhepo yetambo; iri muromo - kuwedzera kwemubato wepeg mechanism .
• Detachable pickup - pamwe neacoustic gitare, pickups yakakosha inogona kushandiswa isiri chikamu chegitare dhizaini, asi inoiswa mugomba resonator kana yakasungirirwa kune chiridzwa muviri kubva kunze.
• Tuner mudziyo wemagetsi unorerutsa kugadzira gitare nekuona kurongeka kwetambo yega yega .
• Chiridzwa tambo - waya yemagetsi yakadzivirirwa yekufambisa chiratidzo kubva pagitare remagetsi kuenda kukusimudzira, kusanganisa, kurekodha uye zvimwe midziyo.
• Polish yekuchengeta muviri , mutsipa kana soundboard .
• Hoko yechigadzirwa chakakosha ^{[ 8]} iyo inokutendera iwe kukurumidza kufamba kubva kune imwe tuning uchienda kune imwe (semuenzaniso, kubva pachiyero kuenda ku "Dropped D").

References

1. ↑ . Musical Dictionary [ Trans . naye . B . P . Jurgenson, wedzera. rus . department] . _ - M . : DirectMedia Publishing, 2008. — CD – ROM
2. ↑ Charnasse, Helene. Six-string guitar  : From the beginnings to the present day . — M . : ” Music “, 1991 . — ISBN 5-7140-0288-1 _ _ _ _ _ _
3. ↑ 阮 ruǎn ; yuǎn chin . muses . zhuan , yuan ( chiridzwa chine tambo chekare) ” Duramazwi guru reChinese - Russian mumabhuku mana
4. ↑ 月琴 yuèqín chin . muses . yueqin ( 4 - tambo chiridzwa chine denderedzwa kana 8 - muviri wakatarisana) " Great Chinese - Russian duramazwi mumavhoriyamu mana "
5. ↑ Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch . ed . A . M . Prokhorov . – 4th ed . _ _ — M . : Owls . encyclopedia , 1989 . ISBN 5-85270-001-0 _ _ _ _ _ _
6. ↑ ^{1 2 3} GITAR MUNYIKA YEDU
7. ↑ Rolling Stone Magazine: Rondedzero ye100 Mukurusa magitare eNguva Yese.
8. ↑ Peji yechigadzirwa pane webhusaiti yemugadziri
9. Sharnasset, Helen. Six-string guitar  : From the origins to the present day = Helene Charnasse , La guitare . — M . : ” Music “, 1991 . — ISBN 5-7140-0288-1 _ _ _ _ _ _Mark Philips, John Chappel. Guitar for Dummies( full version )= Guitar For Dummies . — M . : ” Dialectics “, 2006 . — S. _ 384 . — ISBN 0-7645-5106 – X _ _ _ _
10. John Chappel. Rock guitar for ” dummies “= Rock Guitar For Dummies . — M . : ” Dialectics “, 2006 . — S. _ 368 . — ISBN 0-7645-5356-9 _ _ _ _ _ _

Guitar FAQ

Imarii anoita gitare rakanaka?

Kune $ 150-200 kune akawanda mamodheru kunyangwe ane chinongedzo, ane akavakirwa-mukati tuner nemhedzisiro. Uye kunyangwe nemadhora mazana masere nemakumi mapfumbamwe emadhora unogona kutenga gitare rakanaka reEUPHONY, MARTINEZ mhando, semuenzaniso, kana akati wandei emhando dzebhajeti isingadhure mumutengo, asi yakanyatso hunhu uye kurira.

Nderipi gitare rakanakisa kutenga kune vanotanga?

Nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kutanga kudzidziswa negitare rekirasi. Tambo dzenylon dzakapfava dzakaiswa pairi, bhawa rine hupamhi hwakawedzerwa, uye ruzha runogona kuratidzwa serunyoro uye rwakatenderera. Pamagitare akadaro, mabasa echinyakare anoitwa, pamwe nemimhanzi muchimiro chejazz uye flamenco.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peclassical uye acoustic gitare?

Tambo dzenaironi dzinoshandiswa kune classic gitare. Iwo akapfava pakubata uye zviri nyore kuasungirira pamutsipa wegitare. Pagitare reacoustic pane tambo dzakaomarara dzesimbi dzinoita kuti ruzha ruve nesimba uye rizere. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, tambo dzesimbi dzakagadzirwa zvakanyanya dzinogona kuiswa pane classic gitare.