Johann Nepomuk Hummel |

Johann Nepomuk Hummel

Hummel akaberekwa munaNovember 14, 1778 muPressburg, iro raiva guta guru reHungary. Mhuri yake yaigara muUnterstinkenbrunn, paramende diki muLower Austria uko sekuru vaHummel vaimhanyisa resitorendi. Baba vemukomana uyu, Johannes, vakaberekerwawo muruwa urwu.

Nepomuk Hummel akanga atova nenzeve inoshamisa yemimhanzi pazera remakore matatu, uye nekuda kwekuda kwake kunoshamisa mumhando ipi zvayo yemimhanzi, pazera remakore mashanu akagamuchira kubva kuna baba vake piyano diki sechipo, izvo iye, nenzira. , akachengetwa noruremekedzo kusvikira parufu rwake.

Kubva 1793 Nepomuk aigara muVienna. Baba vake panguva iyoyo vakashanda pano semutungamiriri wemimhanzi yemitambo. Mumakore ekutanga ekugara kwake muguta guru, Nepomuk aisawanzoonekwa munzanga, sezvo ainyanya kuita zvemimhanzi. Kutanga, baba vake vakamuunza kuna Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, mumwe wevadzidzisi vaBeethoven, kuti adzidze counterpoint, uye gare gare kumutungamiriri webhendi wedare Antonio Salieri, waakatora kubva kwaari zvidzidzo zvekuimba uye uyo akava shamwari yake yepedyo uye kunyange aiva chapupu pamuchato. Uye muna August 1795 akava mudzidzi Joseph Haydn, uyo akamusuma kunhengo. Kunyange zvazvo mumakore aya Hummel aisawanzoita mumakwikwi epachivande semupiyano, akanga atoonekwa muna 1799 mumwe wevakakurumbira zvikuru venguva yake, kuridza piyano, maererano nevenguva yake, kwakanga kwakasiyana, uye kunyange Beethoven aisakwanisa kuenzaniswa naye. Uhwu unyanzvi hwokududzira hwakavanzwa seri kwechitarisiko chisingaenzaniswi. Akanga ari mupfupi, akafuta, ane chiso chakada kuumbwa, akafukidzwa zvakakwana nehomwe, iyo yaiwanzoita manyawi nekutya, izvo zvaiita kuti vateereri vanzwe zvisingafadzi.

Mumakore mamwechetewo, Hummel akatanga kuita nenziyo dzake. Uye kana fugues uye kusiyana kwake kwakangokwezva kutarisa, saka rondo yakamuita kuti ave akakurumbira zvikuru.

Sezviri pachena, nekuda kwaHaydn, muna Ndira 1804, Hummel akagamuchirwa kuPrince Esterhazy Chapel muEisenstadt semuperekedzi nemuhoro wepagore we1200 guilders.

Kune chikamu chake, Hummel aive neruremekedzo rusingaperi kushamwari yake uye mutsigiri, izvo zvaakataura mupiyano yake sonata Es-dur yakatsaurirwa kuna Haydn. Pamwe chete neimwe sonata, Alleluia, uye fantasia yepiyano, yakaita kuti Hummel akurumbire muFrance mushure mekonzati yaCherubini paParis Conservatoire muna 1806.

Apo muna 1805 Heinrich Schmidt, akashanda muWeimar naGoethe, akagadzwa kuva mutungamiriri weimba yemitambo muEisenstadt, hupenyu hwemimhanzi padare hwakatangazve; mitambo yenguva dzose yakatanga pachikuva chakanga chichangobva kuvakwa chehoro huru yeimba yamambo. Hummel akabatsira mukusimudzirwa kwemhando dzese dzakagamuchirwa panguva iyoyo - kubva kumadhirama akasiyana-siyana, ngano, mabhora kusvika kumaopera makuru. Izvi zvemimhanzi zvakaitika kunyanya panguva yaakapedza muEisenstadt, ndiko kuti, mumakore 1804-1811. Sezvo mabasa aya akanyorwa, sezviri pachena, chete pakutumwa, muzviitiko zvakawanda zvine nguva yakakosha uye maererano nezvaidiwa neruzhinji rwenguva iyoyo, maopera ake aisakwanisa kubudirira kusingaperi. Asi mabasa akawanda emimhanzi aifarirwa zvikuru nevateereri vemitambo.

Kudzokera kuVienna muna 1811, Hummel akazvipira kuumba uye zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi uye aisawanzoonekwa pamberi pevanhu semupiyano.

Musi waMay 16, 1813, Hummel akaroora Elisabeth Rekel, muimbi paVienna Court Theatre, hanzvadzi yemuimbi we opera Joseph August Rekel, uyo akazove akakurumbira nokuda kwekubatana kwake naBeethoven. Muchato uyu wakabatsira pakuti Hummel akabva angouya kuruzhinji rweViennese. Apo muchirimo cha1816, pashure pokupera kwokurwisana, akaenda kunoshanya konzati kuPrague, Dresden, Leipzig, Berlin neBreslau, zvakacherekedzwa munyaya dzose dzinotsoropodza kuti “kubvira panguva yaMozart, hapana mutambi wepiyano akafadzwa. ruzhinji seHummel. "

Sezvo mimhanzi yekamuri panguva iyoyo yakanga yakafanana nemimhanzi yeimba, aifanira kuzvigadzirisa kune vateereri vakawanda kana aida kubudirira. Munyori anonyora septet yakakurumbira, iyo yakatanga kuitwa nekubudirira kukuru musi waJanuary 28, 1816 neBavarian royal chamber muimbi Rauch pamusangano weimba. Gare gare rakazonzi iro rakanakisa uye rakakwana basa reHummel. Mukuwirirana nomunyori wokuGermany Hans von Bulow, uyu ndiwo “muenzaniso wakanakisisa wokuvhenganisa zvitayera zviviri zvenziyo, konzati nekamuri, zviri mumabhuku enziyo.” Ne septet iyi yakatanga nguva yekupedzisira yebasa raHummel. Zvichiwedzera, iye pachake akagadzirisa mabasa ake kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuimba, nokuti, saBeethoven, haana kuvimba nenyaya iyi kune vamwe.

Nenzira, Hummel aive nehukama hwehukama naBeethoven. Kunyange zvazvo panguva dzakasiyana paiva nekusawirirana kukuru pakati pavo. Apo Hummel akabva kuVienna, Beethoven akatsaurira kanoni kwaari mukurangarira nguva yakapedzwa pamwe chete muVienna namashoko anoti: “Rwendo runofadza, mudiwa Hummel, dzimwe nguva rangarira shamwari yako Ludwig van Beethoven.”

Mushure mekugara kwemakore mashanu muVienna semudzidzisi wemimhanzi, musi waGunyana 16, 1816, akakokwa kuStuttgart semutungamiriri webhendi, kwaakaridza maopera naMozart, Beethoven, Cherubini naSalieri paimba yeopera uye akaridza piyano.

Makore matatu gare gare, munyori akatamira Weimar. Guta, pamwe chete namambo asina korona wevadetembi Goethe, akagamuchira nyeredzi itsva mumunhu weHummel akakurumbira. Munyori woupenyu hwaHummel Beniowski anonyora nezvenhambo iyoyo, kuti: “Kushanyira Weimar ndokusateerera Hummel kwakafanana nokushanyira Roma ndokusaona Papa. Vadzidzi vakatanga kuuya kwaari vachibva kumativi ose enyika. Mukurumbira wake semudzidzisi wemimhanzi waive mukuru zvekuti chokwadi chekuve mudzidzi wake chaive chakakosha pabasa remangwana remuimbi wechidiki.

MuWeimar, Hummel akasvika pakakwirira mukurumbira wake weEurope. Pano akaita budiriro chaiyo mushure memakore asina zvibereko ekugadzira muStuttgart. Kutanga kwakaiswa nekuumbwa kweiyo yakakurumbira fis-moll sonata, iyo, maererano naRobert Schumann, yaizokwana kusafarisa zita raHummel. Mumashoko ekufungidzira, ekufungidzira, uye nenzira yerudo, anenge makore makumi maviri pamberi penguva yake uye anotarisira manzwire anowanikwa munguva yekupedzisira yerudo. Asi matatu matatu epiano matatu enguva yake yekupedzisira yekugadzira, kunyanya opus 83, ine zvimiro zvitsva zvakazara; achipfuura vakamutangira Haydn naMozart, anotendeukira kuno kumutambo "wakanaka".

Chakanyanya kucherechedzwa ndeye es-moll piano quintet, yakapedzwa zvinofungidzirwa muna 1820, umo musimboti mukuru wekutaura kwemumhanzi usiri zvinhu zvekuvandudza kana zvekushongedza, asi shanda padingindira uye rwiyo. Kushandiswa kweHungarian folkloric elements, kunyanyofarira piyanoforte, uye kutsetsenura murwiyo ndezvimwe zvemumhanzi zvinosiyanisa maitiro ekunonoka kwaHummel.

Semutungamiri padare reWeimar, Hummel akatotora zororo rake rekutanga munaKurume 1820 kuti aende kunoshanya konzati kuPrague uyezve kuVienna. Pakudzoka, akapa konzati muMunich, iyo yakanga iri kubudirira kusati kwamboitika. Makore maviri gare gare akaenda kuRussia, muna 1823 kuParis, uko, pashure pekonzati pana May 23, akanzi “Mozart yazvino uno yeGermany.” Muna 1828, imwe yemakonti ake muWarsaw yakapindwa nechidiki Chopin, uyo akabatwa chaizvo nekutamba kwatenzi. Rwendo rwake rwekupedzisira konzati - kuVienna - akaita nemukadzi wake muna Kukadzi 1834.

Akapedza mavhiki ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake achironga tambo dzepiyano dzeBeethoven, dzaakange atumwa muLondon, kwaaida kuzvishambadza. Hurwere hwakapedza munyori simba, simba rake rakapera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye akatadza kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvake.

Anenge vhiki asati afa, nenzira, pakanga pane hurukuro pamusoro paGoethe uye mamiriro ekufa kwake. Hummel aida kuziva pakafa Goethe - masikati kana husiku. Vakamupindura kuti: “Masikati.” "Hongu," akadaro Hummel, "kana ndikafa, ndinoda kuti zviitike mukati mezuva." Ichi chishuvo chake chokupedzisira chakazadzikiswa: pana Gumiguru 17, 1837, na7 o'clock mangwanani, mambakwedza, akafa.