Semyon Stepanovich Gulak-Artemovsky |

Semen Hulak-Artemovsky

Nziyo dzeLittle Russia - zvese; nhetembo, nenhoroondo, uye guva rababa… Zvose zvinopindirana, zvinonhuhwirira, zvakasiyana-siyana. N. Gogol

Pavhu rakaorera remimhanzi yechiUkraine, tarenda remuimbi akakurumbira uye muimbi S. Gulak-Artemovsky akabudirira. Akaberekerwa mumhuri yemupristi wemumusha, Gulak-Artemovsky aifanira kutevera mumakwara ababa vake, asi tsika yemhuri iyi yakaputswa nechishuvo chemumhanzi chemukomana. Achipinda muKiev Theological School muna 1824, Semyon akatanga kudzidza zvinobudirira, asi nokukurumidza akafinhwa nezvidzidzo zvebhaibheri, uye chinyorwa chemudzidzi chinotevera chakaonekwa: "mano akanaka, usimbe uye usimbe, kubudirira kuduku." Mhinduro yacho iri nyore: muimbi weramangwana akapa pfungwa dzake dzose uye nguva yekuimba mukwaya, anenge asingatombooneki pamakirasi pachikoro, uye gare gare kuchikoro chechikoro. Iyo sonorous treble yechidiki chanter yakacherechedzwa nenyanzvi yekuimba kwaya, nyanzvi yeRussia tsika yekuimba, Metropolitan Evgeny (Bolkhovitikov). Uye iye zvino Semyon atova mumusangano wemetropolitan weSt. Sophia Cathedral muKyiv, ipapo - mukwaya yeMikhailovsky Monastery. Pano jaya mukuita rakanzwisisa gamuchidzanwa ramazana amakore enziyo dzekwaya.

Muna 1838, M. Glinka akanzwa kuimba kwaGulak-Artemovsky, uye musangano uyu wakashandura zvakasimba kuguma kwemuimbi wechidiki: akatevera Glinka kuSt. Achitungamirirwa neshamwari yechikuru uye chipangamazano, Gulak-Artemovsky, munguva pfupi yapfuura, akapfuura nechikoro chekukura kwemimhanzi uye kudzidziswa kwezwi. Kutenda kwake kunofambira mberi kweunyanzvi kwakasimbiswa mukukurukurirana kwekugadzira neboka reshamwari dzaGlinka - muimbi K. Bryullov, munyori N. Kukolnik, vaimbi G. Lomakin, O. Petrov uye A. Petrova-Vorobyeva. Panguva imwecheteyo, muzivikanwi ane mukurumbira wechiUkraine mudetembi-revolutionary T. Shevchenko yakaitika, iyo yakashanduka kuva ushamwari hwechokwadi. Achitungamirirwa naGlinka, munyori weramangwana akaramba achinzwisisa zvakavanzika zvekutaura uye mitemo yemimhanzi. Iyo opera "Ruslan naLyudmila" panguva iyoyo yaive nepfungwa dzaGlinka, uyo akanyora nezvemakirasi naGulak-Artemovsky: "Ndiri kumugadzirira kuti ave muimbi wetiyemu uye ndinovimba kuti kushanda kwangu hakuzove pasina ..." Glinka akaona mumuimbi wechidiki mutambi wechikamu cheRuslan. Kuti akudziridze kuzvidzora uye kukunda kukanganisa kwemaitiro ekuimba, Gulak-Artemovsky, pakusimbirira kweshamwari yakwegura, inowanzoitwa manheru akasiyana-siyana emimhanzi. Mumwe akararama panguva imwe chete naye akarondedzera kuimba kwake sezvinotevera: “Inzwi rakanga rakanaka uye guru; asi haana kana kumbotaura kahunhu nezwi zvekupererwa… Zvaisvota, ndaida kuyemura, asi kuseka kwakapinda.

Zvisinei, kuchenjerera, kupfuurira kudzidza pasi pekutungamirirwa kwemudzidzisi akangwara kwakaunza migumisiro yakanaka: yekutanga konzati yeruzhinji yeGulak-Artemovsky yakanga yatove yakabudirira zvikuru. Tarenda rekuimba uye rekunyora remuimbi wechidiki rakabudirira nekuda kwerwendo rurefu rwekuenda kuParis neItari, rwakaitwa kuburikidza nekuedza kwaGlinka nerutsigiro rwemari kubva kuphilanthropist P. Demidov muna 1839-41. Kuita kwakabudirira panhandare yeopera muFlorence kwakazarura nzira yeGulak-Artemovsky kuenda kunhandare yeumambo muSt. Kubva muna Chivabvu 1842 kusvika munaNovember 1865 muimbi uyu aive zvachose nhengo yeboka re opera. Akaita kwete muSt. Petersburg chete, asiwo muMoscow (1846-50, 1864-65), akafambawo mumaguta ematunhu - Tula, Kharkov, Kursk, Voronezh. Pakati peakawanda mabasa aGulak-Artemovsky muma opera naV. Bellini, G. Donizetti, KM Weber, G. Verdi nevamwe, kuita kwakanakisa kwebasa raRuslan kunomira pachena. Achinzwa opera "Ruslan naLyudmila", Shevchenko akanyora kuti: "Iyo opera! Kunyanya apo Artemovsky anoimba Ruslan, iwe unotokwenya kumashure kwemusoro wako, ichokwadi! Muimbi anoshamisa - haungataure chero chinhu. Nemhaka yekurasikirwa kwezwi rake, Gulak-Artemovsky akasiya nhandare muna 1865 uye akapedza makore ake okupedzisira muMoscow, uko hupenyu hwake hwakanga hune mwero uye huri oga.

Manzwisisiro akajeka emitambo yemitambo uye kutendeka kune yerudzi rwemumhanzi - ngano yeUkraine - ndiwo maitiro ezvinyorwa zvaGulak-Artemovsky. Mazhinji acho ane hukama zvakananga nemitambo yemitambo uye makonti emunyori. Aya ndiwo maitiro erudo, kugadziridzwa kwenziyo dzeUkraine nenziyo dzepakutanga mumweya wevanhu, pamwe nemitambo mikuru yemimhanzi neyechikuva - iyo vocal uye choreographic divertissement "Ukrainian Wedding" (1852), mimhanzi yeake comedy-vaudeville "The Night". paEvha yeMidsummer Day” (1852), mimhanzi yedhirama Vaparadzi Vengarava (1853). Chisikwa chakanyanya kukosha cheGulak-Artemovsky - comic opera ine nhaurirano huru "The Cossack mhiri kweDanube" (1863) - nerufaro inobatanidza vanhu vakanaka-hunhu kuseka uye heroic-patriotic motifs. Kuita kwakaratidza mativi akasiyana etarenda remunyori, uyo akanyora zvese libretto nemimhanzi, uye akatambawo zita rezita. Petersburg vatsoropodzi vakacherekedza kubudirira kwokutanga: “Mr. Artemovsky akaratidza tarenda rake rakanaka kwazvo. Mutambo wake wakanga uzere nemakwikwi: pamberi peKaras, akaratidza rudzi rwakanaka rweCossack. Muimbi akakwanisa kuburitsa rupo uye hunyanzvi hwekutamba dhanzi remumhanzi weUkraine zvakajeka zvekuti dzimwe nguva nziyo dzake hadzizivikanwe kubva kune dzechivanhu. Naizvozvo, ivo vanozivikanwa muUkraine pamwe chete nengano. Vateereri vane njere vakanzwa kuti opera yacho ndeyakabva kupi. Munzveri wepepanhau rinonzi “Son of the Fatherland” akanyora kuti: “Kukodzera kukuru kwaVaArtemovsky ndechokuti akaisa hwaro hwemutambo wemakomiki, achiratidza kuti waigona sei kudzika midzi munyika yedu, uye zvikurukuru mumweya wavanhu; ndiye aive wekutanga kusuma chinhu chekomisiki kwatiri pachikuva chedu ... uye ndine chokwadi chekuti nekuita kwega kwega budiriro yake ichakura.

Zvechokwadi, nziyo dzaHulak-Artemovsky dzichiri kuchengeta kukosha kwadzo kwete chete seyokutanga yekuUkraine opera, asiwo sebasa rinofadza, rinoyevedza.

N. Zabolotnaya