Domenico Scarlatti |

Domenico Scarlatti

… Achiita jee nekutamba, mumutinhimira wake unotyisa uye kusvetuka kunokatyamadza, anotangisa nzira itsva dzeunyanzvi… K. Kuznetsov

Padzinza rose reScarlatti - mumwe weakanyanya mukurumbira munhoroondo yemimhanzi - Giuseppe Domenico, mwanakomana waAlessandro Scarlatti, wezera rimwe chete naJS Bach naGF Handel, akawana mukurumbira mukurusa. D. Scarlatti akapinda munhoroondo dzetsika dzemimhanzi zvakanyanya semumwe wevatangi venziyo yepiyano, musiki weiyo virtuoso harpsichord style.

Scarlatti akaberekerwa muNaples. Akanga ari mudzidzi wababa vake uye muimbi ane mukurumbira G. Hertz, uye pazera remakore 16 akava munyori wesangano uye munyori weNeapolitan Royal Chapel. Asi nokukurumidza baba vanotumira Domenico kuVenice. A. Scarlatti anotsanangura zvikonzero zvechisarudzo chake mutsamba yakanyorerwa Duke Alessandro Medici: “Ndakamumanikidza kubva muNaples, uko kwakanga kune nzvimbo yakakwana yetarenda rake, asi tarenda rake rakanga risiri renzvimbo yakadaro. Mwanakomana wangu gondo rine mapapiro akura…” 4 makore ezvidzidzo nemunyori akakurumbira weItaly F. Gasparini, kuzivana uye ushamwari naHandel, kutaurirana nemukurumbira B. Marcello - zvese izvi zvaisagona asi kuita basa rakakosha mukuumba. Talent yemimhanzi yaScarlatti.

Kana Venice muhupenyu hwemunyori akasara dzimwe nguva achidzidzisa nekuvandudza, ipapo muRoma, kwaakatamira kukutenda kutsigirwa kweCardinal Ottoboni, nguva yekukura kwake kwekusika yakanga yatotanga. Denderedzwa reScarlatti rekubatana kwemimhanzi rinosanganisira B. Pasquini naA. Corelli. Anonyora maopera eimba yamambokadzi wekuPoland akadzingwa Maria Casimira; kubva 1714 akava bhendi paVatican, akasika zvakawanda tsvene mimhanzi. Panguva ino, kubwinya kwaScarlatti muiti kuri kubatanidzwa. Maererano nenhambo dzomuimbi weIrish Thomas Rosengrave, uyo akaita kuti muimbi akurumbire muEngland, haana kumbonzwa ndima dzakadaro nemiuyo yaipfuura mwero upi noupi wokukwana, “sokunge kuseri kwechiridzwa chacho kwaiva nezviuru zvemadhimoni.” Scarlatti, mutambi wekoniti virtuoso harpsichordist, aizivikanwa muEurope yose. Naples, Florence, Venice, Rome, London, Lisbon, Dublin, Madrid - izvi zvinongori mumashoko akajairika ejogirafi yekukurumidza kufamba kwemuimbi kutenderera misoro yenyika. Matare eEurope ane simba zvikuru aitsigira mutambi wekonzati ane hunyanzvi, vanhu vane korona vakaratidza maitiro avo. Maererano nememoirs yaFarinelli, shamwari yemunyori, Scarlatti akanga ane harpsichords dzakawanda dzakagadzirwa munyika dzakasiyana-siyana. Muimbi wacho akatumidza chiridzwa chimwe nechimwe nezita remumwe muimbi ane mukurumbira wokuItaly, maererano noukoshi hwaaiva nahwo kumuimbi wacho. Scarlatti's favourite harpsichord yakanzi "Raphael weUrbino".

Muna 1720, Scarlatti akabva kuItaly zvachose ndokuenda kuLisbon kudare reInfanta Maria Barbara semudzidzisi wake uye mutungamiriri webhendi. Musevhisi iyi, akapedza chikamu chechipiri chehupenyu hwake: zvadaro, Maria Barbara akava mambokadzi weSpain (1729) uye Scarlatti akamutevera kuSpain. Pano akataurirana nemunyori A. Soler, kuburikidza nebasa rake simba reScarlatti rakakanganisa Spanish clavier art.

Panhaka yakakura yemunyori (20 operas, ca. 20 oratorios and cantatas, 12 instrumental concertos, misa, 2 “Miserere”, “Stabat mater”) mabasa eclavier akachengeta kukosha kwehunyanzvi. Yakanga iri mavari iyo nyanzvi yeScarlatti yakazviratidza nekuzara kwechokwadi. Iyo yakanyanya kuunganidzwa yeake-imwe-yekufamba sonatas ine 555 nziyo. Muimbi pachake akazvidaidza kuti maekisesaizi uye akanyora munhanganyaya yechinyorwa cheupenyu hwake: “Usamirira – ungave uri munyai kana nyanzvi – mumabasa aya ehurongwa hwakadzama; vatore semutambo kuti uzvijaire hunyanzvi hwe harpsichord." Aya mabravura uye ehupenzi mabasa azere neshungu, kupenya uye kugadzira. Vanomutsa kushamwaridzana nemifananidzo ye opera-buffa. Zvakawanda pano zvinobva kune yemazuva ano yeItalian violin maitiro, uye kubva mumhanzi yekutamba kwevanhu, kwete yekuItaly chete, asiwo yeSpanish nechiPutukezi. Nheyo yechivanhu inosanganiswa zvakanyanya mavari nekupenya kwearistocracy; kunatsiridza - ine prototypes ye fomu ye sonata. Kunyanya clavier virtuosity yaive nyowani zvachose: kutamba marejista, kuyambuka maoko, kusvetuka kukuru, chords yakatyoka, ndima dzine manotsi maviri. Mimhanzi yaDomenico Scarlatti yakatambura nedambudziko rakaoma. Nokukurumidza pashure porufu rwomunyori, iye akanganikwa; manyoro erondedzero akaguma ava mumaraibhurari akasiyana-siyana uye mudura; zvibodzwa zveoperatic zvinenge zvese zvakarasika zvisingaite. Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX kufarira hunhu uye basa reScarlatti kwakatanga kumutsidzira. Yakawanda yenhaka yake yakawanikwa uye yakaburitswa, yakazivikanwa kune veruzhinji uye yakapinda muhomwe yegoridhe yepasirese mimhanzi tsika.

I. Vetlitsyna