Andrey Yakovlevich Eshpay |

Andrey Eshpay

Kuwirirana kumwechete - nyika inoshanduka ... Izwi remarudzi ose rinofanira kunzwika mu polyphony yenyika, uye izvi zvinogoneka kana nyanzvi - munyori, pendi, munyori - achitaura zvaanofunga uye manzwiro ake mumutauro wake wekufananidzira. Kuwanda kunoita muimbi werudzi, ndipo paanowedzera kuva munhu. A. Eshpay

Nenzira dzakawanda, biography yemuimbi pachayo yakafanoronga kubata kunoremekedza kune yekutanga mune art. Baba vemunyori, Y. Eshpay, mumwe wevakatanga Mari yemimhanzi yehunyanzvi, vakaroverera mumwanakomana wavo kuda unyanzvi hwechivanhu nebasa rake rekuzvipira. Maererano naA. Eshpay, “Baba vakanga vanokosha, vakadzama, vakangwara uye vakachenjera, vane mwero zvikuru—muimbi wechokwadi anokwanisa kuzvinyima. Muzivi mukuru wengano, akaita seasiya padivi semunyori, achiona basa rake mukuzivisa vanhu runako nehukuru hwepfungwa dzechivanhu. Akaona kuti zvaisaita kuenderana neMari pentatonic chiyero ... kune chero imwe inopindirana uye yakazvimirira, asi isiri kune yetsika art system. Ndinogona nguva dzose kuziva mavambo kubva mubasa rababa vangu.”

A. Eshpay kubva pauduku akatevedzera ngano dzevanhu vakasiyana-siyana vomunharaunda yeVolga, iyo yose lyric-epic system yenharaunda yeUgric yakaoma. Hondo yakava dingindira rinokosha rinosuruvarisa muhupenyu uye basa remunyori - akarasikirwa nemukoma wake mukuru, ane chiyeuchidzo chakatsaurirwa kuimba yakaisvonaka "Muscovites" ("Earring with Malaya Bronna"), shamwari. Muchikwata chekucherechedza, Eshpay akatora chikamu mukusunungurwa kweWarsaw, mukushanda kweBerlin. Zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi zvakavhiringidzwa nehondo zvakatangazve paMoscow Conservatory, apo Eshpay akadzidza kuumbwa naN. Rakov, N. Myaskovsky, E. Golubev uye piyano naV. Sofronitsky. Akapedza zvidzidzo zvake zvepashure achitungamirirwa naA. Khachaturian muna 1956.

Panguva ino, Symphonic Dances paMari Themes (1951), Hungarian Melodies yeviolin uye orchestra (1952), First Piano Concerto (1954, 2nd edition - 1987), First Violin Concerto (1956) yakagadzirwa. Aya mabasa akaunza mukurumbira wakafara kumunyori, akavhura misoro mikuru yebasa rake, akadzora nehunyanzvi mirairo yevadzidzisi vake. Ihwo hutsika kuti Khachaturian, uyo akapinza maari, maererano nemunyori, "kuravira kwechiyero", zvakanyanya kupesvedzera pfungwa dzaEshpai nezvemhando yekonzati.

Kunyanya kuratidza iyo Yekutanga Violin Concerto nekuputika kwayo kwehasha, kutsva, nekukasira mukutaura kwemanzwiro, kukwezva kwakazaruka kune vanhu uye genre mazwi. Eshpay ari pedyowo neKhachaturian nerudo rwake rwemhando yeM. Ravel, iyo yainyanya kutaurwa mubasa rake repiyano (First Piano Concerto, First Piano Sonatina - 1948). Harmony, kutsva, kutapurirana kwepfungwa uye rupo rwemavara zvinobatanidzawo vatenzi ava.

Dingindira reMyaskovsky chikamu chakakosha mubasa reEshpay. Zvinzvimbo zvetsika, iwo mufananidzo chaiwo wemuimbi weSoviet akatanhamara, muchengeti wechokwadi uye mushanduri wetsika, wakave wakanakira muteveri wake. Munyori anoramba akatendeka kuchirevo chaMyaskovsky: "kuva akatendeseka, kushingaira kune unyanzvi uye kutungamirira mutsara wako." Mabasa eChirangaridzo mukurangarira Myaskovsky akabatanidzwa nezita remudzidzisi: Organ Passacaglia (1950), Kusiyana kweOrchestra paTheme yeMyaskovsky's Sixteenth Symphony (1966), Second Violin Concerto (1977), Viola Concerto (1987-88), umo zvinhu zvenhengo Passacaglia yakashandiswa. Kupesvedzera kwaMyaskovsky pamafungiro aEshpay kungano kwaikosha zvikuru: achitevera mudzidzisi wake, munyori wacho akasvika pakududzirwa kwokufananidzira kwenziyo dzevanhu, pakusangana kwezvikamu zvakasiyana zvetsika mutsika. Zita raMyaskovsky rinobatanidzwawo nekukumbira kune imwe tsika inonyanya kukosha yeEshpay, iyo inodzokororwa muzvinyorwa zvakawanda, kutanga ne "Ballet" Circle ("Yeuka!" - 1979), - Znamenny kuimba. Chekutanga, muChina (1980), Cheshanu (1986), Yechitanhatu ("Liturgical" Symphony (1988), Choral Concerto (1988) inofananidzira, kutanga kune zvese, inowirirana, yakavhenekerwa, ethos musimboti, iwo ekutanga zvimiro zve Kuzvifunga kwenyika, misimboti yetsika yeRussia. Kukosha kwakakosha kunowana rimwe dingindira rakakosha mubasa raEshpay - lyrical. Yakadzika mutsika, haimboshanduki kuita hutsinye hwemunhu, hunhu hwayo husingagoneki hunosimbiswa kuzvidzora uye kuomarara, kusarongeka mukutaura, uye kazhinji kubatana kwakananga nemanzwi echivanhu.

Mhinduro yedingindira remauto, mhando dzechirangaridzo, kukwezva kwekuchinja zviitiko - ingave hondo, misi isingakanganwike yenhoroondo - yakasarudzika, uye mazwi anogara aripo mukunzwisisa kwavo. Mabasa akadai seyokutanga (1959), Yechipiri (1962) symphonies, yakazara nechiedza (epigraph yekutanga - mazwi aV. Mayakovsky "Tinofanira kukanganisa mufaro kubva mumazuva anouya", epigraph yeChipiri - "Rumbidzo. kuchiedza"), iyo cantata "Lenin nesu" (1968), iyo inonyanya kukosha pakubata kwayo-kufanana, kupenya kwerhetorical mukutaura uye panguva imwechete iyo yakanakisa lyrical landscape, yakaisa hwaro hwekutanga stylistic fusion ye. oratorical uye lyrical, chinangwa uye pachako, zvakakosha pamabasa makuru emunyori. Kubatana kwe "kuchema nekubwinya, tsitsi uye kurumbidza" (D. Likhachev), iyo yakakosha kune tsika yekare yeRussia, inoenderera mberi mumhando dzakasiyana. Kunyanya akakurumbira iTatu Symphony (Mundangariro yaBaba Vangu, 1964), Yechipiri Violin uye Viola Concerto, rudzi rwekutenderera kukuru - Yechina, Yechishanu uye Yechitanhatu Symphonies, kwaya Concerto. Nekufamba kwemakore, zvinoreva dingindira renziyo rinowana maratidziro ekufananidzira uye ehuzivi, kucheneswa kwakawanda kubva kune zvese zvekunze, subjective-superficial, chiyeuchidzo chinopfekedzwa muchimiro chemufananidzo. Zvakakosha kushandura dingindira renziyo kubva kungano uye nganonyorwa yehugamba muballet Angara (1975) kuenda kumufananidzo wakasiyana-siyana weyambiro yebhareti Denderedzwa (Yeuka!). Kukosha kwepasi rose kwemabasa-kuzvipira kwakazadzwa nenhamo, dzimwe nguva zvinoreva zvinochema zviri kuramba zvichionekwa. Maonero akawedzerwa emakakatanwa enyika yanhasi uye kunzwisiswa kwemaitiro eunyanzvi kumhando iyi zvinofambirana nebasa remunyori kunhaka netsika. Iyo quintessence yemifananidzo ndeye "Nziyo dzeGomo uye Meadow Mari" (1983). Ichi chinyorwa, pamwe chete neConcerto yeoboe uye orchestra (1982), yakapiwa Lenin Prize.

Chinangwa-lyrical intonation uye "choral" inonzwika ruvara kududzirwa kwemhando yekonzati, iyo inosanganisira mutemo wega wega. Inoratidzwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana - chirangaridzo, chiito chekufungisisa, mukuvaraidza kwengano, mukukwidza kumuenzaniso wekare wekonsato grosso, dingindira iri rinogara richidzivirirwa nemunyori. Panguva imwecheteyo, mumhando yekonzati, semune dzimwe nziyo, munyori anovandudza maitiro ekutamba, mhemberero, mitambo, kureruka kwemavara, uye simba reushingi remutinhiro. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka muConcerto yeOrchestra (1966), Yechipiri Piano (1972), Oboe (1982) Concertos, uye Concerto yeSaxophone (1985-86) inogona kunzi "mufananidzo wekuvandudza". "Kubatana kumwechete - nyika inoshanduka" - aya mazwi kubva muballet "Circle" anogona kushanda se epigraph yebasa ratenzi. Kuendeswa kwekuwirirana, mhemberero mukukonana uye nyika yakaoma yakanangana nemunyori.

Panguva imwe chete neiyo embodiment yedingindira retsika, Eshpay anogara achitendeukira kune chitsva uye chisingazivikanwe. Musanganiswa weorganic weiyo yechinyakare uye yekuvandudza inowanikwa mune zvese mumaonero ekugadzira maitiro uye mubasa remunyori pacharo. Kufara uye rusununguko mukunzwisisa mabasa ekugadzira zvinoratidzwa munzira chaiyo yemhando yezvinhu. Zvinozivikanwa kuti dingindira rejazz uye mazwi ane nzvimbo yakakosha mubasa remunyori. Jazz kwaari mune imwe nzira muchengeti wemimhanzi pachayo, pamwe nengano. Muimbi akateerera zvakanyanya kurwiyo rwevazhinji nematambudziko aro, mimhanzi yakareruka, hunyanzvi hwemufirimu, izvo zvakakosha maererano nekugona kunoshamisa uye kuburitsa, tsime repfungwa dzakazvimiririra. Nyika yemimhanzi uye hupenyu hwehupenyu hunoonekwa muhukama hwehupenyu: maererano nemunyori, "nyika inoshamisa yemimhanzi haina kuvharwa, kwete yega, asi inongova chikamu chechisiko chapose pose, chine zita rehupenyu."

M. Lobanova