Vano Ilyich Muradeli (Vano Muradeli) |

Vano Muradelli

"Unyanzvi hunofanira kuenzanisa, hunofanira kuratidza hutsika uye hutsika hwehupenyu hwedu" - iyi nheyo V. Muradeli aigara achitsvaga mubasa rake. Munyori akashanda mumhando dzakawanda. Pakati pemabasa ake makuru ndeye 2 symphonies, 2 operas, 2 operettas, 16 cantatas nemakwaya, anopfuura 50. Chamber vocal songs, dzinenge 300 nziyo, mimhanzi ye19 mitambo yemitambo uye 12 mafirimu.

Mhuri yekwaMuradov yakasiyaniswa nemimhanzi huru. “Nguva dzinofadza zvikurusa muupenyu hwangu,” Muradeli anoyeuka kudaro, “akanga ari madekwana akanyarara apo vabereki vangu vaigara pedyo neni vachitiimbira isu vana.” Vanya Muradov akawedzera kukwezvwa nemimhanzi. Akadzidza kuridza mandolin, gitare, uye gare gare piyano nenzeve. Ndakaedza kunyora mimhanzi. Kurota kupinda muchikoro chemimhanzi, Ivan Muradov ane makore gumi nemanomwe anoenda kuTbilisi. Kutenda kumusangano wemukana nemukuru weSoviet film director uye mutambi M. Chiaureli, uyo akaonga kugona kunoshamisa kwejaya, inzwi rake rakanaka, Muradov akapinda muchikoro chemimhanzi mukirasi yekuimba. Asi izvi zvakanga zvisina kumukwanira. Aigara achinzwa kudiwa kukuru kwezvidzidzo zvakakomba mukuumbwa. Uye zvakare rombo rakanaka! Pashure pokuteerera nziyo dzakanyorwa naMuradov, mutungamiriri wechikoro chemimhanzi K. Shotniev akabvuma kumugadzirira kuti apinde muTbilisi Conservatory. Kwapera gore, Ivan Muradov akava mudzidzi panzvimbo inochengeterwa zvinhu, kwaakadzidza kunyora naS. Barkhudaryan uye achiitisa naM. Bagrinovsky. Makore matatu mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory, Muradov anozvipira chete kune yemitambo. Anonyora mimhanzi yemitambo yeTbilisi Drama Theatre, uye zvakare akabudirira kuita semutambi. Yakanga iri nebasa munhandare iyo shanduko yezita remutambi wechidiki yakabatana - panzvimbo ye "Ivan Muradov" pamifananidzo yakaonekwa zita idzva: "Vano Muradeli".

Nekufamba kwenguva, Muradeli ari kuwedzera kusagutsikana nemabasa ake ekunyora. Chiroto chake ndechekunyora symphony! Uye anosarudza kuenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake. Kubva 1934, Muradeli akanga ari mudzidzi weMoscow Conservatory mukirasi yekunyora B. Shekhter, ipapo N. Myaskovsky. “Muchimiro chetarenda romudzidzi wangu mutsva,” Schechter anoyeuka kudaro, “ndakakwezvwa zvikurukuru nemutinhimira wokufunga kwenziyo, une mavambo awo muvanhu, mavambo enziyo, mirangariro, kutendeseka uye kuzvimirira.” Pakupera kweiyo Conservatory, Muradeli akanyora "Symphony mukurangarira SM Kirov" (1938), uye kubva panguva iyoyo dingindira rehurumende rakava iro rinotungamira mubasa rake.

Muna 1940, Muradeli akatanga kushanda pa opera The Extraordinary Commissar (yakasununguka. G. Mdivani) nezvehondo yevagari vemo muNorth Caucasus. Munyori akatsaurira basa iri kuna S. Ordzhonikidze. All-Union radio yakatepfenyura chiitiko chimwe che opera. Kuputika kwakamwe kamwe kweHondo Yenyika I yakakanganisa basa. Kubva pamazuva ekutanga ehondo, Muradeli akaenda neboka rekonzati kuNorth-Western Front. Pakati penziyo dzake dzokutsigira nyika dzemakore ehondo, dzinotevera dzakatanhamara: “Tichakunda vaNazi” ( Art. S. Alymov ); "Kune muvengi, kune Motherland, mberi!" (Art. V. Lebedev-Kumach); "Rwiyo rweDovorets" (Art. I. Karamzin). Akanyorawo machai 1 ebhendi rendarira: "Kurume kweMauto" uye "Black Sea Kurume". Muna 2, Yechipiri Symphony yakapedzwa, yakatsaurirwa kuvarwi veSoviet-vanosunungura.

Rwiyo rune nzvimbo yakakosha mubasa remunyori wemakore epashure pehondo. "Bato ndiye mubatsiri wedu" (Art. S. Mikhalkov), "Russia ndiyo Nyika Yangu", "Kurume kweVechidiki Vepasi" uye "Rwiyo rweVarwi Verunyararo" (zvese pachiteshi cheV. Kharitonov), " Hymn of the International Union vadzidzi” (Art. L. Oshanina) uye kunyanya inofamba zvakadzama “Buchenwald alarm” (Art. A. Sobolev). Yakarira kusvika pamuganho wakatambanudzwa tambo "Chengetedza nyika!"

Pashure pehondo, munyori akatangazve basa rake rakambovhiringidzwa paOpera inonzi The Extraordinary Commissar. Yayo yekutanga pasi pezita rokuti "Hushamwari Hukuru" yakaitika paBolshoi Theater musi waNovember 7, 1947. Iyi opera yakatora nzvimbo inokosha munhoroondo yemimhanzi yeSoviet. Pasinei nekukoshera kwechirongwa (iyo opera yakatsaurirwa kuhushamwari hwevanhu vemunyika yedu yemarudzi akawanda) uye zvimwe zvakanaka zvemimhanzi nekuvimba kwayo nenziyo dzechivanhu, "Hushamwari Hwekuru" hwakashoropodzwa zvakanyanya kunonzi nekuda kwemutemo muChirevo. yeCentral Committee yeAll-Union Communist Party yeBolsheviks yaFebruary 10, 1948. Gare gare makore gumi muChirevo cheCentral Committee yeCPSU "Pakururamisa Mhosho muKuongorora Operas" Hushamwari Hwekuru "," Bogdan Khmelnitsky "uye ” Kubva Pamwoyo “”, kutsoropodza uku kwakadzokororwa, uye opera yaMuradeli yakaitwa muColumn Hall yeImba yeMubatanidzwa mukuita konzati, saka haina kumbotepfenyurwa paAll-Union Radio.

Chiitiko chakakosha muhupenyu hwemimhanzi yenyika yedu yaive opera yaMuradeli "Gumiguru" (yakasununguka naV. Lugovsky). Kutanga kwayo kwakabudirira muna Kubvumbi 22, 1964 pachikuva cheKremlin Palace yeCongresses. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha mune iyi opera mufananidzo wemimhanzi weVI Lenin. Makore maviri asati afa, Muradeli akati: “Parizvino, ndinoramba ndichishanda pa opera The Kremlin Dreamer. Ichi ndicho chikamu chekupedzisira che trilogy, zvikamu zviviri zvekutanga izvo - opera "The Great Friendship" uye "October" - zvinotozivikanwa kune vateereri. Ndinoda chaizvo kupedza chinyorwa chitsva chegore rechipiri rekuzvarwa kwaVladimir Ilyich Lenin. Zvisinei, munyori wacho haana kukwanisa kupedza opera iyi. Akanga asina nguva yekuziva pfungwa yeOpera "Cosmonauts".

Dingindira reruzhinji rakaitwa zvakare muMuradeli's operettas: Musikana ane Blue Eyes (1966) uye Moscow-Paris-Moscow (1968). Pasinei nebasa rakakura rekugadzira, Muradeli aive munhu asinganeti weruzhinji: kwemakore gumi nerimwe akatungamira sangano reMoscow reMubatanidzwa weVanyori, akatora chikamu mubasa reUnion of Soviet Societies for Friendship nenyika dzekunze. Aigara achitaura mumapepanhau uye kubva kurostrum panyaya dzakasiyana-siyana dzeSoviet musical culture. T. Khrennikov akanyora kuti, “Kwete chete mukugadzira zvinhu, asiwo mumitambo yokushamwaridzana, Vano Muradeli aiva nechakavanzika chokugarisana nevamwe, aiziva kumutsa vateereri vakawanda neshoko rakafuridzirwa uye rine chido.” Basa rake rekusika risinganeti rakakanganiswa nerufu - munyori akafa kamwe kamwe panguva yekushanya nemakonzati emunyori mumaguta eSiberia.

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