Girolamo Frescobaldi |

Girolamo Frescobaldi

G. Frescobaldi mumwe wevatenzi vakatanhamara venguva yeBaroque, muvambi weItaly organ uye clavier chikoro. Akazvarwa muFerrara, panguva iyoyo imwe yenzvimbo huru dzemimhanzi muEurope. Makore ekutanga ehupenyu hwake akabatana nebasa raDuke Alfonso II d'Este, mudiwa wemimhanzi anozivikanwa muItaly yose (maererano nevemazuva ano, Mutungamiriri aiteerera mimhanzi kwemaawa mana pazuva!). L. Ludzaski, uyo akanga ari mudzidzisi wokutanga weFrescobaldi, akashanda padare rimwe chetero. Nekufa kweDuke, Frescobaldi anosiya guta rake rekuzvarwa ndokuenda kuRoma.

MuRoma, akashanda mumachechi akasiyana-siyana semuimbi uye pamatare evakuru venzvimbo semuimbi weharpsichord. Kusarudzwa kwemunyori kwakafambiswa nerutsigiro rwaArchbishop Guido Bentnvolio. Pamwe chete naye muna 1607-08. Frescobaldi akaenda kuFlanders, ipapo pakati pemimhanzi ye clavier. Rwendo rwakaita basa rinokosha mukuumbwa kweunhu hwekusika hwemunyori.

Kuchinja kwehupenyu hwaFrescobaldi kwaiva 1608. Panguva iyoyo apo mabhuku ekutanga emabasa ake akaonekwa: 3 instrumental canzones, Bhuku Rokutanga reFantasy (Milan) uye Bhuku Rokutanga reMadrigals (Antwerp). Mugore rimwe chetero, Frescobaldi akatora nzvimbo yakakwirira uye inoremekedzwa zvikuru yeoganist yeSt. Peter's Cathedral muRome, umo (nekuzorora kwenguva pfupi) munyori akagara anenge kusvika pakupera kwemazuva ake. Mukurumbira uye chiremera cheFrescobaldi zvishoma nezvishoma zvakakura semuimbi uye harpsichordist, mutambi akatanhamara uye anovandudza hunyanzvi. Mukufanana nebasa rake muSt. Peter's Cathedral, anopinda mubasa remumwe wevapfumi vemakadhinari eItaly, Pietro Aldobrandini. Muna 1613, Frescobaldi akaroora Oreola del Pino, uyo mumakore matanhatu akatevera akamuberekera vana vashanu.

Muna 1628-34. Frescobaldi akashanda semuimbi mudare reDuke weTuscany Ferdinando II Medici muFlorence, ndokuenderera mberi nebasa rake muSt. Peter's Cathedral. Mukurumbira wake wazova wenyika dzakawanda zvechokwadi. Kwemakore matatu, akadzidza nemunyori mukuru weGermany uye munyori wenziyo I. Froberger, pamwe chete nevaimbi vakawanda vakakurumbira uye vaimbi.

Zvinotoshamisa ndezvokuti, hapana chatinoziva nezvemakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwaFrescobaldi, uye nezvekupedzisira mimhanzi yake.

Mumwe wevakararama panguva yemunyori, P. Della Balle, akanyora mutsamba muna 1640 kuti pakanga pane "chivalry" yakawanda mu "maitiro emazuva ano" aFrescobaldi. Mimhanzi yemazuva ano ichiri muchimiro chezvinyorwa. Frescobaldi akafa pakakwirira mukurumbira wake. Sokunyora kwakaita zvapupu zvakaona, “vaimbi vakakurumbira zvikuru veRoma” vakatora rutivi mumisara yemariro.

Nzvimbo huru munhaka yekusika yemunyori inogarwa nezviridzwa zve harpsichord uye ogani mumarudzi ese aizivikanwa panguva iyoyo: canzones, fantasies, richercaras, toccatas, capriccios, partitas, fugues (mupfungwa yezwi ipapo, kureva canons). Mune mamwe, kunyora kwepolyphonic kunotonga (somuenzaniso, mune "akadzidza" rudzi rwerichercara), mune mamwe (semuenzaniso, mu canzone), maitiro epolyphonic anopindirana neaya homophonic ("izwi" uye instrumental chordal accompaniment).

Imwe yemaunganidzwa anozivikanwa emimhanzi yaFrescobaldi ndeye "Musical Flowers" (yakabudiswa muVenice muna 1635). Inosanganisira mabasa enhengo dzemhando dzakasiyana siyana. Pano Frescobaldi's inimitable composer's style yakazviratidza muchiyero chakazara, icho chinoratidzwa nemaitiro e "excited style" ane harmonic innovation, zvakasiyana-siyana zvemavara ezvinyorwa, rusununguko rwekuvandudza, uye unyanzvi hwekusiyana. Zvisina kujairika zvenguva yayo kwaive kuita dudziro ye tempo uye rhythm. Munhanganyaya yerimwe remabhuku e toccata yake nemamwe manyorerwo e harpsichord ne ogani, Frescobaldi anodaidzira kuridza ... "kusacherekedza hunyanzvi ... maererano nemanzwiro kana zvinoreva mazwi, sezvinoitwa mumadrigals." Semunyori uye mutambi pane iyo ogani uye clavier, Frescobaldi aive nemhedzisiro yakakura mukusimudzirwa kweItaly uye, zvakanyanya, mumhanzi weWestern Europe. Mukurumbira wake wakanga uri mukuru zvikuru muGermany. D. Buxtehude, JS Bach nevamwe vanyori vakawanda vakadzidza pamabasa eFrescobaldi.

S. Lebedev