Heitor Villa-Lobos |

Hector Villa-Lobos

Vila Lobos inoramba iri imwe yenhamba huru dzemimhanzi yemazuva ano uye kudada kukuru kwenyika yakamuberekera. P. Casals

Muimbi weBrazil, conductor, folklorist, mudzidzisi uye mumhanzi uye weruzhinji chimiro E. Vila Lobos ndomumwe wevanyori vakuru uye vepakutanga vezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. “Vila Lobos akagadzira mimhanzi yenyika yeBrazil, akaita kuti vanhu vomunguva yake vafarire chaizvo ngano uye akavaka nheyo yakasimba yokuti vaimbi vechiduku vokuBrazil vaifanira kumisa Temberi yakaisvonaka,” anonyora kudaro V. Maryse.

Muimbi weramangwana akagamuchira mimhanzi yake yekutanga kubva kuna baba vake, anofarira mumhanzi anoda uye mutambi akanaka weamateur. Akadzidzisa mudiki Heitor kuverenga mimhanzi uye kuridza cello. Zvadaro muimbi weramangwana akazvimiririra akazvimiririra akati wandei mimhanzi ye orchestra Kubva pazera ramakore gumi nematanhatu, Vila Lobos akatanga hupenyu hwemuimbi anofambira. Ari ega kana neboka revaimbi vanofamba, aine shamwari yake nguva dzose - gitare, akafamba munyika yose, achiridza mumaresitorendi nemabhaisikopo, akadzidza mararamiro evanhu, tsika, akaunganidza uye akarekodha nziyo dzevanhu uye nziyo. Ndokusaka, pakati pemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emabasa emunyori, nzvimbo inokosha inotorwa nenziyo dzechivanhu nemadhanzi akarongwa naye.

Asingakwanisi kuwana dzidzo muchikoro chemimhanzi, asingasangane nerutsigiro rwezvishuvo zvake zvemimhanzi mumhuri, Vila Lobos akaziva nheyo dzeunyanzvi hwomunyori wenyanzvi zvikurukuru nokuda kwetarenda rake guru, kutsungirira, kuzvipira, uye kunyange zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi naF. Braga naE. Oswald.

Paris yakaita basa rakakosha muhupenyu nebasa reVila Lobos. Kuno, kubvira muna 1923, akavandudzika somunyori. Misangano naM. Ravel, M. de Falla, S. Prokofiev nevamwe vaimbi vane mukurumbira vakava nepesvedzero yakati pakuumbwa kweunhu hwekusika hwemunyori. Kuma20s. anonyora zvakawanda, anopa makonzati, anogara achiita mwaka wega wega munyika yake semutungamiri, achiita zvinyorwa zvake uye anoshanda nevanyori vemazuva ano veEurope.

Vila Lobos aive mumhanzi mukuru uye weruzhinji muBrazil, akabatsira munzira dzese mukusimudzira tsika yemimhanzi. Kubva 1931, munyori ave mutungamiri wehurumende yezvidzidzo zvemimhanzi. Mumaguta akawanda enyika, akatanga zvikoro zvemimhanzi nemakwaya, akagadzira nzira yakanyatsofungwa yedzidzo yemimhanzi yevana, umo nzvimbo huru yakapiwa kuimba kwaya. Gare gare, Vila Lobos akaronga National Conservatory yeChoral Singing (1942). Pakuzvisarudzira kwake, muna 1945, Brazilian Academy of Music yakavhurwa muRio de Janeiro, iyo munyori akatungamira kusvikira pakupera kwemazuva ake. Vila Lobos akaita mupiro wakakosha pakudzidza ngano dzemumhanzi uye nhetembo dzeBrazil, achigadzira mavhoriyamu matanhatu "Practical Guide for the Study of Folklore", iyo ine kukosha kweencyclopedic zvechokwadi.

Muimbi akashanda munenge marudzi ese emimhanzi - kubva kuopera kusvika kumimhanzi yevana. Nhaka yaVila Lobos yemabasa anopfuura zana anosanganisira masimphoni (1000), nhetembo dzesymphonic uye masutu, operas, ballets, mimhanzi yezviridzwa, quartets (12), piyano zvidimbu, zverudo, nezvimwewo. uye pesvedzero, pakati payo pesvedzero yeimpressionism yaive yakasimba zvakanyanya. Zvakadaro, mabasa akanakisa emunyori ane hunhu hwakadudzwa hwenyika. Vanopfupikisa maitiro akajairika eBrazilian folk art: modal, harmonic, genre; kazhinji hwaro hwemabasa ake nziyo dzakakurumbira dzechivanhu nekutamba.

Pakati pezvinyorwa zvakawanda zveVila Lobos, 14 Shoro (1920-29) uye Brazilian Bahian cycle (1930-44) inofanirwa kutarisirwa. "Shoro", maererano nemunyori, "inzira itsva yekuumbwa kwemimhanzi, inobatanidza mhando dzakasiyana dzemimhanzi yeBrazil, Negro neIndia, ichiratidza rhythmic uye rudzi rwekutanga kweunyanzvi hwevanhu." Vila Lobos inosanganisirwa pano kwete chete chimiro chevanhu mimhanzi kugadzira, asiwo boka revatambi. Muchidimbu, "14 Shoro" imhando yemifananidzo yemimhanzi yeBrazil, umo marudzi enziyo dzevanhu uye kutamba, ruzha rwezviridzwa zvevanhu runogadzirwazve. Iyo Brazilian Bahian kutenderera nderimwe reanonyanya kufarirwa mabasa naVila Lobos. Mavambo epfungwa yeese 9 masutu ekutenderera uku, akafuridzirwa nekunzwa kwekuyemura kwehunyanzvi hwaJS Bach, huri muchokwadi chekuti hapana stylization yemimhanzi yemunyori mukuru weGerman mairi. Iyi ndiyo yakajairika mimhanzi yeBrazil, imwe yeanopenya kuratidzwa kwerudzi rwenyika.

Mabasa emunyori panguva yehupenyu hwake akawana mukurumbira wakawanda muBrazil nekune dzimwe nyika. Mazuva ano, munyika yokumusha kwemunyori wacho, makwikwi ane zita rake anoitwa zvakarongeka. Ichi chiitiko chemimhanzi, ichiva zororo rechokwadi renyika, chinokwezva vaimbi vanobva kunyika dzakawanda dzepasi.

I. Vetlitsyna