Edward William Elgar |

Edward Elgar

Elgar. Violin Concerto. Allegro (Jascha Heifetz)

Elgar… iri mumhanzi weChirungu izvo Beethoven ari mumhanzi wechiGerman. B. Shaw

E. Elgar - munyori mukuru weChirungu wekupera kwezana remakore reXIX-XX. Kuumbwa uye kubudirira kwemabasa ake kwakabatana zvakanyanya nenguva yesimba repamusoro rehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika reEngland panguva yekutonga kwaMambokadzi Victoria. Kubudirira kwehunyanzvi nesainzi kwetsika dzechiRungu uye rusununguko rwakasimba rwemabhunu-democratic rwakave nerubatsiro pakuvandudza kwemabhuku nehunyanzvi. Asi kana chikoro chenyika chekunyora panguva iyoyo chakaisa mberi vanhu vakatanhamara vaC. Dickens, W. Thackeray, T. Hardy, O. Wilde, B. Shaw, saka mimhanzi yakanga ichangotanga kumutsiridzwa pashure peanenge mazana maviri emakore ekunyarara. Pakati pechizvarwa chekutanga chevanyori veChirungu Renaissance, basa rakakurumbira nderaElgar, ane basa rinonyatsoratidza tariro uye kusimba kwenguva yeVa Victorian. Mune izvi ari pedyo naR. Kipling.

Kumusha kwaElgar idunhu reChirungu, nharaunda yeguta reWorcester, kusiri kure neBirmingham. Mushure mekunge agamuchira zvidzidzo zvake zvekutanga zvemimhanzi kubva kuna baba vake, munyori wenziyo uye muridzi wechitoro chemimhanzi, Elgar akaenderera mberi nekuzvimiririra, achidzidza izvo zvekutanga zvebasa mukuita. Muna 1882 chete apo munyori akapasa bvunzo paRoyal Academy of Music muLondon mukirasi yeviolin uye mune zvemimhanzi zvidzidzo. Nechekare achiri mudiki, akakwanisa kuridza zviridzwa zvakawanda - violin, piyano, muna 1885 akatsiva baba vake semuimbi wechechi. Purovhinzi yeChirungu panguva iyoyo yaive muchengeti akatendeka wemimhanzi yenyika uye, chekutanga, tsika dzekwaya. Network hombe yeamateur madenderedzwa nemakirabhu akachengetedza tsika idzi padanho repamusoro. Muna 1873, Elgar akatanga basa rake reunyanzvi semuimbi weviolin muWorcester Glee Club (sosaiti yekwaya), uye kubva muna 1882 akashanda mutaundi rekumusha kwake semuperekedzi uye kondakita weimwe orchestra yemamateur. Mumakore aya, muimbi akaumba mimhanzi yakawanda yekwaya yemapoka evasina mafundo, zvidimbu zvepiyano uye ensembles dzekamuri, akadzidza basa remakirasi uye emazuva ano, uye akatamba semupiyano uye muimbi. Kubva pakupera kwema80s. uye kusvikira 1929, Elgar alternately anogara mumaguta akasiyana, kusanganisira London uye Birmingham (kwaanodzidzisa payunivhesiti kwemakore 3), uye anopedzisa upenyu hwake munyika yake - muWorcester.

Kukosha kwaElgar munhoroondo yemimhanzi yeChirungu kunotemerwa zvakanyanya nenziyo mbiri: the oratorio The Dream of Gerontius (1900, on the st. J. Newman) uye symphonic Variations on an Enigmatic Theme (Enigma Variations {Enigma (lat. ) - chirahwe. Iyo oratorio "Chiroto cheGerontius" inopfupisa kwete chete kukura kwenguva refu kwemhando dzecantata-oratorio mubasa raElgar pachake (1899 oratorios, 4 cantatas, 4 odes), asi mune zvakawanda nzira yose yeChirungu choral music yakatangira. it. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha cheRenaissance yenyika chakaratidzwawo mune oratorio - kufarira mungano. Hakusati kuri masangana kuti, pashure pokuteerera “Chiroto chaGerontius”, R. Strauss akazivisa ratidziro “kubudiriro nebudiriro zvomufambire mberi wechiNgezi wokutanga Edward Elgar, tenzi wechikoro chiduku chinofambira mberi chevanyori vechiNgezi.” Kusiyana neEnigma oratorio, misiyano yakaisa ibwe renheyo yesymphonism yenyika, iyo pamberi peElgar yaive nzvimbo iri panjodzi yetsika yemimhanzi yeChirungu. “Kusiyana kwakaoma kunzwisisa kunopupurira kuti mumunhu waElgar nyika yakawana munyori we<em>orchestra youkuru hwekutanga,” akanyora kudaro mumwe wevatsvakurudzi vechiRungu. "Chakavanzika" chekusiyana ndechekuti mazita eshamwari dzemunyori akavharirwa mazviri, uye dingindira remimhanzi rekutenderera rakavanzwawo kubva pakuona. (Zvose izvi zvinoyeuchidza "Sphinxes" kubva ku "Carnival" naR. Schumann.) Elgar anewo symphony yekutanga yeChirungu (2).

Pakati pemamwe mabasa emuimbi akawanda enziyo (overtures, suites, concertos, nezvimwewo), Violin Concerto (1910) inomira pachena - imwe yenziyo dzakakurumbira dzerudzi urwu.

Basa raElgar nderimwe rezviitiko zvinoshamisa zvemumhanzi werudo. Synthesizing yenyika uye Western Europe, kunyanya Austro-German pesvedzero, inotakura maficha enziyo-yepfungwa uye epic nzira. Munyori anoshandisa zvakanyanya hurongwa hwe leitmotifs, umo simba raR. Wagner naR. Strauss rinonzwika zvakajeka.

Mimhanzi yaElgar inoyevedza zvine mutsindo, ine ruvara, ine hunhu hwakajeka, mumitambo yesymphonic inokwezva hunyanzvi hweorchestra, hunyengeri hwezviridzwa, kuratidzwa kwekufunga kwerudo. Pakazosvika XX remakore. Elgar akasvika pamukurumbira muEurope.

Pakati pevaimbi venziyo dzake paiva nevaimbi vakatanhamara - conductor H. Richter, violinists F. Kreisler naI. Menuhin. Kakawanda achitaura kune imwe nyika, munyori wacho pachake aimira panzvimbo yomuitisi. MuRussia, mabasa aElgar akabvumirwa naN. Rimsky-Korsakov naA. Glazunov.

Mushure mekusikwa kweViolin Concerto, basa remunyori rakaderera zvishoma nezvishoma, chete mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake basa rake rakamutsidzira. Anonyora akati wandei enziyo dzezviridzwa zvemhepo, anodhirowa Yetatu Symphony, iyo Piano Concerto, iyo opera The Spanish Lady. Elgar akapona kubwinya kwake, pakupera kwehupenyu hwake zita rake rakava ngano, chiratidzo chipenyu uye kudada kwechirungu mumhanzi tsika.

G. Zhdanova