Nhoroondo yeNyoka

Panguva ino, zviridzwa zvekare zvakatanga kunyandura kufarira kukuru mudenderedzwa revaimbi nevateereri. Vazhinji vevagadziri vemimhanzi vari kutsvaga ruzha rutsva, vaunganidzi uye vadikani nyore vekutanga ruzha rwemimhanzi pasi rese vari kuyedza "kudzora" zviridzwa zvisingazivikanwe zvekare izvo zvave kubva mudura rekuita rakawanda. Imwe yezviridzwa izvi, iyo ichangobva kukwezva ngwariro yakawanda uye yakawanda yevateereri, ichakurukurwa.

Nyoka - Chiridzwa chendarira chemhanzi. Yakaonekwa muFrance muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, kwayakagadzirwa natenzi wechiFrench Edme Guillaume. Yakawana zita rayo kubva pashoko rechiFrench rokuti "nyoka", mukushandura - nyoka, nokuti. kunze kwakakombama uye chaiko kwakati fungidzire nyoka. Pakutanga, kushandiswa kwayo kwaiganhurirwa kuchikamu chinoperekedza mukwaya yechechi uye kukwidziridzwa kwemanzwi echirume. Zvisinei, mushure menguva yakati, nyoka inova yakakurumbira zvikuru, uye nezana remakore rechigumi nemasere, inenge yose yeEurope inoziva nezvazvo.

Pamwe chete nekupinda muindasitiri yemimhanzi yehunyanzvi yenguva iyoyo, chiridzwa chinofarirwawo munharaunda yepamba, chinopinda mudzimba dzevanhu vakapfuma. Zvainzi zviri mufashoni mazuva iwayo kukwanisa kutamba nyoka. Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, nekuda kwemuimbi ane mukurumbira wechiFrench Francois Joseph Gossec, nyoka yakagamuchirwa mu symphony orchestra sechiridzwa chebass. Mukufamba kwechimanjemanje, masimba echiridzwa chakangowedzera, uye nekutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, hapana orchestra yakazara-yakazara yaigona kufungidzirwa pasina chiridzwa chiri muchimiro chenyoka.

Zvinyorwa zvekutanga, mafomu uye nheyo yekushanda, nyoka yakatora kubva pombi yechiratidzo, iyo yakashandiswa kubvira kare. Nechekunze, ichubhu yakakomberedzwa yakaitwa nematanda, mhangura, sirivheri kana zinc, yakafukidzwa nedehwe, nemuromo kune imwe mugumo uye bhero kune imwe. Iine maburi eminwe. Mushanduro yepakutanga, nyoka yakanga ine maburi matanhatu. Gare gare, mushure mekuvandudzwa, maburi matatu kusvika mashanu ane mavharuvhu akawedzerwa kune chiridzwa, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanisike, kana zvakavhurwa zvishoma, kubvisa manzwi nekuchinja kwechromatic scale (semitones). Muromo wenyoka wakada kufanana nemiromo yezviridzwa zvinofuridza zvemazuva ano, zvakadai sehwamanda. Mumagadzirirwo ekare akaitwa kubva pamapfupa emhuka, gare gare akagadzirwa nesimbi.

Uwandu hwenyoka hunosvika matatu octaves, inova chikonzero chakakwana chekubatanidzwa kwayo sechiridzwa chega. Nekuda kwekugona kuburitsa chromatically modified ruzha, iyo inokanganisa kugona kugadzirisa, inoshandiswa musymphony, brass uye jazz orchestras. Zviyero zvinosiyana kubva pahafu yemamita kusvika pamamita matatu, izvo zvinoita kuti chiridzwa chive chakanyanya kuwanda. Zvinoenderana nerunyoro rwayo, nyoka ndeyeboka remaaerophones. Ruzha runogadzirwa nekuzunguzika kwekoramu yenzwi. Ruzha rwakasimba uye “rusina kuchena” rwechiridzwa rwava chiratidzo chacho. Maererano nekutinhira kwayo kwakapinza, pakati pevaimbi, nyoka yakawana zita re slang - kaviri bass-anaconda.

Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, nyoka yakatsiviwa nezvimwe zvemazuva ano zviridzwa zvemhepo, kusanganisira izvo zvakavakwa pahwaro hwayo, asi zvisina kukanganwa.