Nhoroondo ye saxophone

Imwe yezviridzwa zvemhangura zvakakurumbira inofungidzirwa saxophone. Nhoroondo ye saxophone inenge makore 150. Icho chiridzwa chakagadzirwa neBelgian-akaberekerwa Antoine-Joseph Sax, akazozivikanwa saAdolphe Sax, muna 1842. Pakutanga, saxophone yakashandiswa chete mumapoka ehondo. Pashure penguva yakati, vanyori vakadai saJ. Bizet, M. Ravel, SV Rachmaninov, AK Glazunov naAI Khachaturian vakafarira chiridzwa. Chiridzwa chacho chakanga chisiri chikamu chevaimbi ve<em>symphony. Asi pasinei neizvi, pakurira, akawedzera mavara akapfuma kurwiyo rwacho. Muzana remakore rechi18, saxophone yakatanga kushandiswa mumutauro we jazz.

Mukugadzirwa kwesaxophone, simbi dzakaita sendarira, sirivha, platinamu kana goridhe zvinoshandiswa. Iyo yakazara chimiro chesaxophone yakafanana neiyo clarinet. Chiridzwa chine maburi eruzha makumi maviri nemana uye mavharuvhu maviri anoburitsa octave. Parizvino, marudzi manomwe echiridzwa ichi anoshandiswa muindasitiri yemimhanzi. Pakati pavo, inonyanya kufarirwa ndeye alto, soprano, baritone uye tenor. Imwe neimwe yemhando inonzwika mune akasiyana siyana kubva kuC - flat kusvika kuFa yechitatu octave. Iyo saxophone ine timbre yakasiyana, iyo yakafanana nekurira kwezviridzwa zvemimhanzi kubva kuoboe kusvika kune clarinet.

Munguva yechando ye1842, Sachs, akagara pamba, akaisa muromo we clarinet kune ophicleide uye akaedza kutamba. Achinzwa zvinyorwa zvokutanga, akatumidza chiridzwa chacho zita rake. Sekureva kwemimwe mishumo, Sachs akagadzira chiridzwa ichi nguva isati yasvika zuva iri. Asi muvambi pachake haana kusiya chero zvinyorwa.Nguva pfupi mushure mekugadzirwa, akasangana nemunyori mukuru Hector Berlioz. Kuti asangane naSachs, akauya kuParis. Pamusoro pekusangana nemunyori wenziyo, aida kusuma nzanga yemimhanzi kune chiridzwa chitsva. Achinzwa ruzha, Berlioz akafara nesaxophone. Chiridzwa chacho chaibudisa ruzha nemanzwi zvisina kujairika. Muimbi haana kunzwa mutimb wakadaro mune chero chiridzwa chiripo. Sachs akakokwa naBerlioz kunzvimbo yekuchengetedza kuti aongororwe. Mushure mekuridza chiridzwa chake chitsva pamberi pevaimbi vaivepo, akabva apihwa kuridza bass clarinet muorchestra, asi haana kuridza.

Mugadziri akasika saxophone yekutanga nekubatanidza hwamanda ine conical rutsanga rweclarinet. Oboe valve mechanism yakawedzerwawo kwavari. Migumo yechiridzwa ichi yakanga yakakotama uye yaitaridzika sebhii S. Saxophone yakabatanidza kurira kwendarira nezviridzwa zvehuni.

Mukukura kwake, akasangana nezvipingamupinyi zvakawanda. Muma1940, apo Nazism yakatonga Germany, mutemo wairambidza kushandiswa kwesaxophone mune imwe orchestra. Kubva pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, saxophone yakatora nzvimbo inokosha pakati pezviridzwa zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa. Kwapera chinguva, chiridzwa chakava "mambo wemimhanzi ye jazz."