Elena Obraztsova |

Elena Obraztsova

MV Peskova anotsanangura Obraztsova munyaya yake: "Muimbi mukuru wenguva yedu, ane basa razova chiitiko chinoshamisa muupenyu hwemimhanzi yenyika. Ane tsika yemimhanzi isingagoneki, hunyanzvi hwekutaura. Mezzo-soprano yake yakapfuma yakazadzwa nemavara echisikigo, kutaura kwenyika, kujeka kwepfungwa uye tarenda risingaverengeki rakaita kuti nyika yese itaure nezve chimiro chake chezvikamu zveSantuzza (Nyika Kukudzwa), Carmen, Delilah, Marfa (Khovanshchina).

Mushure mekuita kwake mu "Boris Godunov" pakushanya kweBolshoi Theatre muParis, mutambi ane mukurumbira Sol Yurok, akashanda naFI Chaliapin, akamudaidza kuti muimbi wekuwedzera. Kutsoropodza kune dzimwe nyika kunomuisa seimwe ye "manzwi makuru eBolshoi". Muna 1980, muimbi akapiwa mubairo weGolden Verdi kubva kuguta reItaly reBusseto nokuda kwekuita kwakatanhamara kwemimhanzi yemunyori mukuru.

Elena Vasilievna Obraztsova akaberekwa July 7, 1939 muLeningrad. Baba vake, mainjiniya nebasa, vaive nezwi rakanakisa rebaritone, kunze kwekunge, airidza violin zvakanaka. Mimhanzi yaiwanzonzwika muimba yeObraztsovs. Lena akatanga kuimba mangwanani, mukireshi. Ipapo akava soloist wekwaya Palace of Pioneers uye Vana vechikoro. Ikoko, musikana nemufaro akaita zvechigypsy zverudo uye nziyo dzakakurumbira zvikuru mumakore iwayo kubva kune repertoire yaLolita Torres. Pakutanga, akasiyaniswa nechiedza, mobile coloratura soprano, iyo yakazochinja kuita contralto.

Ndapedza chikoro muTaganrog, uko baba vake vakashanda panguva iyoyo, Lena, mukuomerera kwevabereki vake, akapinda muRostov Electrotechnical Institute. Asi, mushure mekudzidza kwegore, musikana anoenda panjodzi yake kuLeningrad, kuti apinde muchengeti uye aite chinangwa chake.

Makirasi akatanga naPurofesa Antonina Andreevna Grigorieva. "Anonyanya kungwarira, akarurama semunhu uye semuimbi," anodaro Obraztsova. - Ini ndaida kuita zvese nekukurumidza, kuimba huru arias kamwechete, dzakaoma dzerudo. Uye akaramba achitenda kuti hapana chaizobuda kunze kwekunzwisisa "hwaro" hwemazwi ... Uye ndaiimba maekisesaizi mushure mekuita maekisesaizi, uye dzimwe nguva - dzerudo diki. Zvino yakanga yava nguva yezvinhu zvikuru. Antonina Andreevna haana kumboraira, haana kuraira, asi nguva dzose aiedza kuve nechokwadi kuti ini pachangu ndakaratidza mafungiro angu kune basa riri kuitwa. Ndakafara nekukunda kwangu kwekutanga muHelsinki uye pamakwikwi eGlinka kwete zvishoma pane ini ... ".

Muna 1962, muHelsinki, Elena akagamuchira mubairo wake wekutanga, menduru yegoridhe uye zita remubairo, uye mugore rimwe chetero akahwina muMoscow paII All-Union Vocal Competition yakanzi MI Glinka. Iye soloist weBolshoi Theatre PG Lisitsian uye mukuru weboka re opera TL Chernyakov, uyo akakoka Obraztsova kuti aongorore muimba yemitambo.

Saka muna December 1963, achiri mudzidzi, Obraztsova akaita debut yake pachikuva Bolshoi Theater ari basa Marina Mnishek (Boris Godunov). Muimbi anoyeuka chiitiko ichi nemanzwiro chaiwo: "Ndakaenda pachikuva cheBolshoi Theatre pasina kana imwe orchestral rehearsal. Ndinoyeuka kumira kwandakaita kuseri kwesiteji ndikati nechemumoyo: "Boris Godunov anogona kuenderera mberi asina nhanho patsime, uye ini handibudi kunze chero chinhu, rega keteni rivhare, ini handisi kubuda." Ndakanga ndafenda chose, dai vasiri machinda akandisvitsa pachikuva nemaoko, pamwe pangadai pasina kumboitika patsime manheru iwayo. Ini handina maonero ekuita kwangu kwekutanga - kufara kumwe chete, imwe mhando yerampu fireball, uye zvimwe zvese zvaive mukudonha. Asi ndisingazivi ndainzwa kuti ndaiimba nemazvo. Vateereri vakandigamuchira zvakanaka. ”…

Gare gare, vaongorori veParisian vakanyora nezve Obraztsova munzvimbo yaMarina Mnishek: “Vateereri ... Obraztsova mutambi anonakidza, ane izwi, chimiro, kuvapo kwedariro uye runako zvinoyemurwa nevateereri ... "

Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza kubva kuLeningrad Conservatory muna 1964, Obraztsova akabva ava soloist weBolshoi Theater. Nenguva isipi anobhururuka achienda kuJapan neboka revanyori, uye ozoita muItaly neboka reBolshoi Theater. Padanho reLa Scala, muimbi wechidiki anoita zvikamu zveGoverness (Tchaikovsky's The Queen of Spades) uye Princess Marya (Hondo yeProkofiev uye Runyararo).

M. Zhirmunsky anonyora kuti:

"Pachine ngano pamusoro pekukunda kwake pachikuva cheLa Scala, kunyangwe chiitiko ichi chatova nemakore makumi maviri. Kutamba kwake kwekutanga paMetropolitan Opera kwakanzi "yakanyanya kunaka munhoroondo yetiyeta" nekufamba kwenguva yakamira. Panguva imwecheteyo, Obraztsova akapinda muboka revaimbi veKarayan, vachisvika pakuzivikanwa kwepamusoro-soro kweunyanzvi hweunyanzvi. Mumazuva matatu ekurekodha Il trovatore, akakwezva mutyairi mukuru nekuvhurika kwake kusingafungidzike kwehunyoro, kugona kwake kuburitsa zvakanyanya manzwiro emumhanzi, pamwe nehombe huru yehembe dzakanaka dzakagamuchirwa kubva kushamwari dzeAmerica kunyanya kumusangano na. the maestro. Akachinja zvipfeko katatu pazuva, akagamuchira roses kubva kwaari, kokero yekuimba muSalzburg uye kurekodha maopera mashanu. Asi kupera kwekutya mushure mekubudirira kuLa Scala kwakamudzivisa kuenda kunoona Karajan nokuda kwekuita - haana kugamuchira chiziviso kubva kusangano rinotarisira Soviet, akagumburwa naObraztsova uye vose vokuRussia.

Anoona kupunzika kwezvirongwa izvi sekurova kukuru kubasa rake. Kubva muchibvumirano chakatevera makore maviri gare gare, kuita kumwe chete kwakanga kwasara kwaiva Don Carlos uye ndangariro dzokukatyamadzwa kwerunhare rwake, ndege yake yomunhu oga yakazadzwa nePlayboys, uye kurova mumusoro kwaKarajan nezvibodzwa pamusuo weimba yemitambo. Panguva iyoyo, Agnes Baltsa, muridzi werimwe remanzwi iwayo asina ruvara akanga asingagoni kutsausa muteereri pakuona pfungwa itsva dzaTenzi, akanga atova mezzo-soprano yechigarire yaKarajan.

Muna 1970, Obraztsova akawana mibairo yepamusoro-soro pamakwikwi maviri makuru epasi rose: akatumidzwa zita raPI Tchaikovsky muMoscow uye zita remuimbi ane mukurumbira wechiSpanish Francisco Viñas muBarcelona.

Asi Obraztsova haana kurega kukura. Repertoire yake iri kuwedzera zvakanyanya. Anoita mabasa akasiyana akadai saFrosya muopera yaProkofiev Semyon Kotko, Azucena muIl trovatore, Carmen, Eboli muna Don Carlos, Zhenya Komelkova muopera yaMolchanov The Dawns Here Are Quiet.

Akaita neBolshoi Theatre Company muTokyo neOsaka (1970), Budapest neVienna (1971), Milan (1973), New York neWashington (1975). Uye kwose kwose kutsoropodza kunogara kuchicherechedza unyanzvi hwepamusoro hwemuimbi weSoviet. Mumwe wevanoongorora mushure mekuita kwemuimbi muNew York akanyora kuti: "Elena Obraztsova ave pedyo nekuzivikanwa pasi rose. Tinogona kungorota muimbi akadaro. Ane zvese zvinosiyanisa muimbi wemazuva ano weextra-class opera stage. "

Chakanyanya kucherechedzwa kuita kwake kuLiceo Theatre muBarcelona muna Zvita 1974, uko mitambo ina yaCarmen yakaratidzwa nevatambi vakasiyana venzvimbo dzinotungamira. Obraztsova akahwina kukunda kwakanakisa kwekugadzira pamusoro pevaimbi vekuAmerica Joy Davidson, Rosalind Elias naGrace Bumbry.

“Tichiteerera muimbi weSoviet,” akanyora kudaro mutsoropodzi wokuSpain, “takavazve nomukana wokuona kuti basa raCarmen rine mativi akawanda, ane mativi endangariro akawanda, uye akatanhamara sei. Vaaishanda navo mubato iri zvinogutsa uye zvinonakidza zvinosanganisira chikamu chimwe chete chehunhu hwegamba. MuMuenzaniso, mufananidzo waCarmen wakaonekwa mukuoma kwawo kwese uye kudzika kwepfungwa. Naizvozvo, tinogona kutaura zvakachengeteka kuti ndiye akajeka uye akatendeka mutsigiri weiyo Bizet's artic conception.

M. Zhirmunsky anonyora, kuti: “MuCarmen akaimba rwiyo rworudo runouraya, rusingatsungiririki nokuda kwohunhu husina kusimba. Mukupedzisira, achifamba nekufamba kwakareruka munzvimbo yese, heroine yake inozvikanda pabanga rakavhomorwa, ichiona rufu serununuro kubva mukurwadziwa kwemukati, mutsauko usingaperi pakati pezviroto uye chokwadi. Mukuona kwangu, mubasa iri, Obraztsova akaita shanduko isingakosheswi mumutambo weOpera. Aive mumwe wekutanga kutora nhanho yakanangana nekugadzirwa kwemafungiro, ayo mu70s akatumbuka kuita chiitiko chemukuru weopera. Muchiitiko chake chakasiyana, pfungwa yekushanda kwese haina kubva kumutungamiriri (Zeffirelli pachake aiva mutungamiriri), asi kubva kumuimbi. Tarenda reObraztsova rinoshanda rinonyanya kuita zvemitambo, ndiye anobata dramaturgy yemutambo mumaoko ake, achiisa chimiro chake pairi ... "

Obraztsova pachake anoti: “Carmen wangu akaberekwa muna March 1972 muSpain, paCanary Islands, muimba duku yemitambo inonzi Perez Galdes. Ndakafunga kuti handifi ndakaimba Carmen, zvakaratidzika kwandiri kuti iyi yakanga isiri rutivi rwangu. Pandakatanga kuita mariri, ndakanyatsoona zvangu debut. Ndakarega kunzwa senyanzvi, zvakaita sokuti mweya waCarmen wakanga wapinda mandiri. Uye apo muchiitiko chekupedzisira ndakadonha kubva pakurova kweNavaja Jose, ndakangoerekana ndazvinzwira urombo: nei ini, mudiki kudaro, ndichifanira kufa? Ipapo, sokunge ndakanga ndarara, ndakanzwa kuchema kwevateereri nokuombera. Uye vakandidzorera kuchokwadi. "

Muna 1975, muimbi akazivikanwa muSpain semutambi akanakisa wechikamu cheCarmen. Obraztsova akazoita basa iri pamatanho ePrague, Budapest, Belgrade, Marseille, Vienna, Madrid, uye New York.

Muna Gumiguru 1976, Obraztsova akaita debut yake panguva New York Metropolitan Opera muna Aida. “Kuziva muimbi weSoviet kubva pane zvaakamboita muUnited States, zvechokwadi taitarisira zvakawanda kubva mukuridza kwake saAmneris,” akanyora kudaro mumwe mutsoropodzi. "Chokwadi, zvisinei, chakapfuura kunyangwe fungidziro yakashinga yeMet yenguva dzose. Kwakanga kuri kukunda kwechokwadi, uko mamiriro eAmerica akanga asingazivi kwemakore akawanda. Akaita kuti vateereri vanzwe manyukunyuku uye mufaro usingatsananguriki nekuita kwake kunofadza saAmneris. " Mumwe mutsoropodzi akataura zvakananga kuti: “Obraztsova ndiyo yakawanwa yakajeka zvikuru panhandare yeopera yepasi rose mumakore achangopfuura.”

Obraztsova akashanyira kunze kwenyika zvakawanda mune ramangwana. Muna 1977 akaimba Muchinda weBouillon muF. Cilea's Adriana Lecouvreur (San Francisco) uye Ulrika in Ball in Masquerade (La Scala); muna 1980 - Jocasta mu "Oedipus Rex" naIF Stravinsky ("La Scala"); mu1982 - Jane Seymour mu "Anna Boleyn" naG. Donizetti ("La Scala") uye Eboli mu "Don Carlos" (Barcelona). Muna 1985, pamutambo weArena di Verona, muimbi akabudirira kuita chikamu cheAmneris (Aida).

Gore rakatevera, Obraztsova akaita semutungamiriri weopera, achigadzira opera yaMassenet Werther paBolshoi Theatre, kwaakabudirira kuita chikamu chikuru. Murume wake wechipiri, A. Zhuraitis, akanga ari kondakita.

Obraztsova akabudirira kuita kwete chete mumitambo yeOpera. Nerepertoire yekonzati yakakura, akapa makonti kuLa Scala, Pleyel Concert Hall (Paris), Carnegie Hall yeNew York, Wigmore Hall yeLondon, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda. Zvirongwa zvake zvekonzati zvemumhanzi weRussia zvine mukurumbira zvinosanganisira kutenderera kwerudo naGlinka, Dargomyzhsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff, nziyo uye kutenderera kwezwi naMussorgsky, Sviridov, kutenderera kwenziyo naProkofiev kune nhetembo naA. Akhmatova. Chirongwa chemakirasi ekunze chinosanganisira R. Schuman's cycle "Love and Life of a Woman", mabasa eItaly, German, French music.

Obraztsova anozivikanwawo semudzidzisi. Kubva 1984 ave purofesa paMoscow Conservatory. Muna 1999, Elena Vasilievna akatungamirira First International Competition of Vocalists anonzi Elena Obraztsova muSt.

Muna 2000, Obraztsova akaita chikwata chake pachigamba chinoshamisa: akaita basa guru mumutambo "Antonio von Elba", wakaitwa naR. Viktyuk.

Obraztsova anoenderera mberi achiita zvinobudirira semuimbi weOpera. Muna Chivabvu 2002 akaimba muWashington Kennedy Center yakakurumbira pamwe naPlacido Domingo mumutambo waTchaikovsky weThe Queen of Spades.

"Ndakakokwa pano kuzoimba muThe Queen of Spades," akadaro Obraztsova. - Pamusoro pezvo, konzati yangu huru ichaitika muna Chivabvu 26 ... Tave tichishanda tese kwemakore 38 (pamwe naDomingo. - Approx. Aut.). Takaimba pamwe chete mu "Carmen", uye "Il trovatore", uye "Ball in masquerade", uye "Samsoni naDherira", uye "Aida". Uye nguva yekupedzisira pavakaita kudonha kwekupedzisira kwaive kuLos Angeles. Sezvino, aive Mambokadzi weSpades.

PS Elena Vasilievna Obraztsova akafa muna Ndira 12, 2015.