Nadezhda Andreevna Obukhova |

Nadezhda Obukhova

Mubairo weStalin Prize (1943), People's Artist yeUSSR (1937).

Kwemakore akawanda, muimbi EK akaita pamwe Obukhova. Katulskaya. Hezvino izvo zvaanotaura: "Kuitwa kwega kwega nekutora chikamu kwaNadezhda Andreevna kwaiita sekune moyo uye kunakidza uye kwakaunza mufaro mukuru. Aine izwi rinoyemurika, rakasiyana nerunako rwaro rwetimbre, kujeka kwehunyanzvi kutaura, hunyanzvi hwekutaura uye hunyanzvi, Nadezhda Andreevna akagadzira dhairekitori remifananidzo yedariro yechokwadi chehupenyu hwakadzama uye kuzara kunopindirana.

Aine hunyanzvi hunoshamisa hwekushandurwa kwehunyanzvi, Nadezhda Andreevna akakwanisa kuwana mavara anodiwa eizwi, madiki nuances echiratidzo chinogutsa chechimiro chemufananidzo wedariro, kuratidza manzwiro akasiyana evanhu. Hunhu hwekuita hwakagara hwakabatanidzwa nekunaka kweruzha uye kuburitsa kweshoko.

Nadezhda Andreevna Obukhova akaberekwa musi waMarch 6, 1886 muMoscow, mumhuri yekare inokudzwa. Amai vake vakafa nekukasika kubva pakudyiwa. Baba, Andrei Trofimovich, murume wemauto akakurumbira, akabatikana nemabasa ehurumende, akapa kurera vana kuna sekuru vake amai. Adrian Semenovich Mazaraki akarera vazukuru vake - Nadia, hanzvadzi yake Anna uye mukoma Yuri - mumusha wake, mudunhu reTambov.

"Sekuru vaiva piano yakanakisisa, uye ndakateerera Chopin naBeethoven mukuita kwake kwemaawa," akadaro Nadezhda Andreevna. Sekuru ndivo vakasuma musikana uyu kuridza piyano nekuimba. Makirasi akabudirira: pazera re12, mudiki Nadya akatamba Nocturnes yaChopin uye Haydn's uye Mozart's symphonies mumaoko mana nasekuru vake, murwere, akasimba uye anomanikidza.

Pashure pokufirwa nomudzimai wake nemwanasikana, Adrian Semenovich aitya zvikuru kuti vazukuru vake havaizorwara netibhii, uye naizvozvo muna 1899 akaunza vazukuru vake kuNice.

“Kuwedzera kuzvidzidzo zvedu naProfessor Ozerov,” muimbi wacho anoyeuka kudaro, “takatanga kuita makosi ezvinyorwa zvechiFrench nenhau. Aya aive maprivate courses aMadam Vivodi. Takapfuura nenhoroondo yeChimurenga cheFrance mune zvakadzama. Ichi chidzidzo chakadzidziswa kwatiri naVivodi pachake, mukadzi akachenjera zvikuru uyo ​​aiva wepamusoro, anofambira mberi enjere dzeFrance. Sekuru vakaramba vachiridza mhanzi nesu.

Takauya kuNice kwechando nomwe (kubvira 1899 kusvika 1906) uye mugore rechitatu chete, muna 1901, ndipo patakatanga kutora zvidzidzo zvekuimba kubva kuna Eleanor Linman.

Ndakafarira kuimba kubva ndichiri mudiki. Uye chishuvo changu chandinokoshesa chakagara chiri chekudzidza kuimba. Ndakaudza sekuru pfungwa dzangu, vakazvitambira chaizvo vakati ivo vatofunga nezvazvo. Akatanga kubvunza nezve mapurofesa ekuimba, uye akaudzwa kuti Madame Lipman, mudzidzi weakakurumbira Pauline Viardot, aionekwa semudzidzisi akanakisa muNice. Sekuru vangu neni takaenda kwaari, aigara paBoulevard Garnier, muimba yake duku. Mai Lipman vakatikwazisa noushamwari, uye apo sekuru vakavaudza nezvechinangwa chokusvika kwedu, vakafarira zvikuru uye vakafara kuziva kuti takanga tiri vaRussia.

Pashure pokuongororwa, akaona kuti taiva nemanzwi akanaka uye akabvuma kushanda nesu. Asi haana kubva angoziva mezzo-soprano yangu uye akati mukuita basa zvaizova pachena kuti inzwi rangu raizosimudzira kupi - pasi kana kumusoro.

Ndakagumbuka zvikuru Madame Lipman pavakaona kuti ndaive nesoprano, ndikagodora hanzvadzi yangu nekuti Madame Lipman vakamuziva semezzo-soprano. Ndagara ndiine chokwadi chekuti ndine mezzo-soprano, ruzha rwakaderera rwaive rwakanyanya kwandiri.

Zvidzidzo zvaMadam Lipman zvainakidza, uye ndakaenda kwavari nemufaro. Mai Lipman pachavo vakatiperekedza vakatiratidza kuimba. Pakupera kwechidzidzo, airatidza hunyanzvi hwake, akaimba zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaoperasi; semuenzaniso, chikamu che contralto chaFidesz kubva kuopera yaMeyerbeer The Prophet, aria yedramatic soprano Rachel kubva kuHalevy's opera Zhidovka, the coloratura aria yeMarguerite neParera kubva kuGounod's opera Faust. Takateerera nechido, tichishamiswa nounyanzvi hwake, unyanzvi uye kuwanda kwenzwi rake, kunyange zvazvo inzwi racho pacharo rakanga riine mutinhimira usingafadzi, wakakasharara uye akashama muromo wake wakafara zvikuru uye wakashata. Akazviperekedza. Panguva iyoyo ndakanga ndichiri kunzwisisa zvishoma nezvekugadzira, asi unyanzvi hwake hwakandishamisa. Zvisinei, zvidzidzo zvangu zvakanga zvisina kurongeka nguva dzose, sezvo ndaiwanzova nemaronda pahuro uye ndisingagoni kuimba.

Mushure mekufa kwasekuru vavo, Nadezhda Andreevna naAnna Andreevna vakadzokera kunyika yavo. Sekuru vaNadezhda, Sergei Trofimovich Obukhov, akashanda semutungamiriri wemitambo. Akataura nezveunhu husina kujairika hwezwi raNadezhda Andreevna uye kuda kwake kwemitambo. Akabatsira kuti pakutanga 1907 Nadezhda akabvumirwa Moscow Conservatory.

“Kirasi yapurofesa ane mukurumbira Umberto Mazetti paMoscow Conservatory yakava, sokunge zvakadaro, imba yake yechipiri,” anonyora kudaro GA Polyanovsky. - Kushingaira, kukanganwa nezvehope nekuzorora, Nadezhda Andreevna akadzidza, achibata, sezvazvakaita kwaari, akarasika. Asi hutano hwakaramba husina simba, kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwakangoerekana kwaitika. Muviri waida kunyatsotarisirwa - zvirwere zvakatambura muhuduku zvakakanganisika, uye nhaka yakazviita. Muna 1908, gore rimwe chete pashure pokunge zvidzidzo zvinobudirira zvakadaro zvatanga, ndaifanira kumisa zvidzidzo zvangu panzvimbo inochengeterwa vana kwechinguva ndokudzokera kuItaly kunorapwa. Akapedza 1909 muSorrento, muNaples, paCapri.

... Pakarepo hutano hwaNadezhda Andreevna hwasimba, akatanga kugadzirira rwendo rwekudzoka.

Kubva 1910 - zvakare Moscow, Conservatory, kirasi Umberto Mazetti. Achiri kubatanidzwa zvakanyanya, kunzwisisa uye kusarudza zvese zvakakosha muMazetti system. Mudzidzisi anoshamisa akanga ari murayiridzi akachenjera, anonzwisisa aibetsera mudzidzi kudzidza kuzvinzwira amene, kubatanidza kuyerera kwomuzvarirwo kwokunzwika kwenzwi rake.

Achiri kuramba achidzidza panzvimbo yekuchengetedza, Obukhova akaenda muna 1912 kuti aedze muSt. Petersburg, paMariinsky Theater. Pano akaimba pasi pezita rokuti Andreeva. Mangwanani akatevera, muimbi wechidiki uyu akaverenga mupepanhau kuti vaimbi vatatu chete ndivo vakabuda muaudition paMariinsky Theatre: Okuneva, mutambi wesoprano anoshamisa, mumwe munhu wandisingayeuki, uye Andreeva, mezzo-soprano wokuMoscow.

Kudzokera kuMoscow, musi waApril 23, 1912, Obukhova akapasa bvunzo mukirasi yekuimba.

Obukhova anorangarira:

“Ndakaita zvakanaka zvikuru muiyi bvunzo uye ndakagadzwa kuti ndiimbe pakonzati yegungano regore negore muGreat Hall of the Conservatory pana May 6, 1912. Ndakaimba rwiyo rweChimene. Horo yacho yakanga yakazara, ndakagamuchirwa noushamwari zvikuru uye ndakashevedzwa kakawanda. Pakapera konzati yacho, vanhu vakawanda vakauya kwandiri, vakandikorokotedza kubudirira kwangu uye pakupedza kudzidza paimba yemitambo, uye vakandishuvira kukunda kukuru munzira yangu yemberi younyanzvi.

Zuva rakatevera ndakaverenga ongororo yakaitwa naYu.S. Sakhnovsky, uko kwakanzi: "Mai. Obukhova (Kirasi yaMuzvinafundo Mazetti) akasiya manyemwe nematambiro akaitwa naChimene kubva ku“Cid” naMassenet. Mukuimba kwake, mukuwedzera kune izwi rake rakanakisa uye kugona kwakanakisa kuzvigona, munhu aigona kunzwa kutendeseka uye kudziya sechiratidzo chisina kupokana chetarenda rakakura repadanho.

Nguva pfupi apedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory, Obukhova akaroora Pavel Sergeevich Arkhipov, mushandi weBolshoi Theater: akanga ari mutariri wedhipatimendi rekugadzira nekugadzirisa.

Kusvikira 1916, apo muimbi akapinda muBolshoi Theater, akapa makonzati akawanda munyika yose. MunaFebruary, Obukhova akaita debut yake saPolina muThe Queen of Spades paBolshoi Theatre.

“First show! Ndeupi ndangariro mumweya wenyanzvi inogona kuenzaniswa nendangariro yezuva rino? Ndizere netariro yakajeka, ndakakwira pachikuva cheBolshoi Theatre, sezvo munhu anopinda mumba make. Iyi theatre yakange iri uye yakaramba iri musha kwandiri mukati memakore anopfuura makumi matatu ekushanda mairi. Huzhinji hwehupenyu hwangu hwakapfuura pano, mafaro angu ese ekugadzira uye rombo rakanaka zvakabatana neiyi theatre. Zvakwana kutaura kuti mumakore ose ebasa rangu rokudhirowa, handina kumbotamba pachikuva cheimwe mitambo yemitambo.

Kubvumbi 12, 1916 Nadezhda Andreevna akaunzwa kumutambo "Sadko". Nechekare kubva pamitambo yekutanga, muimbi akakwanisa kuratidza kudziya uye hunhu hwechifananidzo - mushure mezvose, izvi ndizvo zvakasiyana zvetarenda rake.

NN Ozerov, uyo akaita naObukhova mumutambo, anoyeuka kuti: "NA Obukhova, uyo akaimba pazuva rekutanga kwakakosha kwandiri, akagadzira mufananidzo unoshamisa uye wakanaka wemukadzi akatendeka, ane rudo wechiRussia, "Novgorod. Penelope” – Lyubava. Inzwi rakapfava, rinoshamisa pakunaka kwetimbre, rusununguko rwakaraswa narwo muimbi, simba rinokwezva remanzwiro mukuimba raigara richiratidzira mitambo yaNA Obukhova”.

Saka akatanga - mukubatana nevakawanda vaimbi, conductors, vatungamiri veRussia. Uye ipapo Obukhova pachake akava mumwe wezvivheneko izvi. Akaimba mapato anopfuura makumi maviri nemashanu pachikuva cheBolshoi Theatre, uye imwe neimwe yadzo iri parera reRussia izwi uye danho art.

EK Katulskaya anonyora kuti:

"Chokutanga, ndinorangarira Obukhova - Lyubasha ("Mwenga waTsar") - ane shungu, asingafungi uye anosarudza. Nenzira dzose anorwira mufaro wake, kuvimbika kune ushamwari, nokuda kworudo rwake, pasina icho chaasingagoni kurarama. Nekudziya kunobata uye kunzwa kwakadzama, Nadezhda Andreevna akaimba rwiyo "Ishongedzei nekukurumidza, amai vanodiwa ..."; rwiyo rwakanaka urwu rwakanzwika mumhepo yakakura, ruchikwezva muteereri ...

Yakagadzirwa naNadezhda Andreevna mune opera "Khovanshchina", mufananidzo waMarita, chido chisingachinji uye mweya une shungu, ndewekusika kwemuimbi. Nekushingirira kwehunyanzvi hwekuita, anoratidza zvakajeka kunyanyisa kwechitendero kunowanikwa mugamba rake, izvo zvinopa nzira yekushuva kwemoto uye rudo kusvika pakuzvipira kuna Prince Andrei. Rumbo rwechiRussia runoshamisa runonzi "Mwana Akabuda", sekufembera kwaMarita, ndechimwe chehunyanzvi hwekuimba.

Mune opera Koschei the Immortal, Nadezhda Andreevna akagadzira mufananidzo unoshamisa weKoshcheevna. Hunhu hwechokwadi hwe "runako rwakaipa" rwakanzwika mumufananidzo uyu. Utsinye hunotyisa uye husina tsitsi hwakanzwika muzwi remuimbi, pamwe chete nekunzwa kwakadzama kwerudo rwekuda Ivan Korolevich uye godo rinorwadza kumuchinda.

NA yakagadzira mavara akajeka etimbre uye mataurirwo emazwi. Mufananidzo waObukhov unopenya, wenhetembo weChitubu mune yengano opera "The Snow Maiden". Hukuru uye pamweya, kupenya kwezuva, kudziya uye rudo nezwi rake rinofadza uye nemoyo wese, Vesna-Obukhova akakunda vateereri neake cantilena inoshamisa, iyo chikamu ichi chakazara.

Marina wake anozvikudza, mukwikwidzi asina tsitsi waAida Amneris, Carmen anoda rusununguko, mudetembi Ganna naPolina, ane nzara yesimba, ane ushingi uye anonyengera Delilah - mapato ese aya akasiyana muchimiro uye hunhu, umo Nadezhda Andreevna akakwanisa. buritsa zvinyoro zvisinganzwisisiki zvekunzwa, kubatanidza mimhanzi uye mifananidzo inoshamisa. Kunyange muchikamu chiduku cheLyubava (Sadko), Nadezhda Andreevna anogadzira mufananidzo usingakanganwiki wenhetembo wemukadzi weRussia - mudzimai ane rudo uye akatendeka.

Kuita kwake kwese kwakadziyirwa nekunzwa kwakadzama kwemunhu uye manzwiro akajeka. Kuimba kufema senzira yekutaura kwehunyanzvi kwakayerera murukova rwakatsetseka, rwakatsetseka uye rwakadzikama, kuwana chimiro icho muimbi anofanira kugadzira kushongedza ruzha. Inzwi rakanzwika mumarejista ose zvakaenzana, zvakapfuma, zvinopenya. Inoshamisa piyano, isina kunetsa, "velvet" manotsi eakasiyana ake, "Obukhov's" timbre, kutaura kwezwi - zvese zvine chinangwa chekuburitsa pfungwa yebasa, mimhanzi uye yepfungwa maitiro.

Nadezhda Andreevna akakunda mukurumbira wakafanana pamutambo weopera semuimbi wekamuri. Kuita zvakasiyana-siyana zvemimhanzi - kubva munziyo dzechinyakare uye dzechinyakare dzerudo (akazviita neunyanzvi husingaenzaniswi) kusvika kune yakaoma classical arias uye zverudo nevanyori vekuRussia neWestern - Nadezhda Andreevna airatidza, sepamutambo weopera, pfungwa yakapusa yemaitiro uye yakasarudzika. kugona kwehunyanzvi shanduko. Achitamba mumakonti akawanda, akakwezva vateereri nerunako rwehunyanzvi hwake, achigadzira kutaurirana pamweya navo. Chero ani akanzwa Nadezhda Andreevna mumutambo we opera kana konzati akaramba ari muyemure weunyanzvi hwake hunopenya kwehupenyu hwake hwese. Ndiro simba retarenda. "

Zvechokwadi, paakasiya nhandare yeopera mukutanga kwehupenyu hwake muna 1943, Obukhova akazvipira kumutambo wekonzati nekubudirira kumwe chete kwakasiyana. Akanga achinyanya kushanda muma40s uye 50s.

Zera remuimbi rinowanzova pfupi. Zvisinei, Nadezhda Andreevna, kunyange pazera remakore makumi manomwe neshanu, achiita mumakonti emakamuri, akashamisa vateereri nekuchena uye mweya wetimbre yakasiyana-siyana ye mezzo-soprano yake.

Musi waJune 3, 1961, paActor's House, konzati yega Nadezhda Andreevna, uye June 26, akaimba chikamu chose mukonzati ikoko. Iyi konzati yakazova rwiyo rwaNadezhda Andreevna. Aenda kunozorora muFeodosia, akangoerekana afira ikoko musi wa14 August.