Yakov Izrailevich Zak (Yakov Zak) |

Yakov Zak

"Hazvirambiki zvachose kuti anomiririra mutambi mukuru wemumhanzi." Aya mashoko aAdam Wieniawski, sachigaro wedare revatongi reThird International Chopin Competition, akataurwa muna 1937 kumuimbi wepiyano weSoviet ane makore 24 okukura Yakov Zak. Mukuru wevaimbi vokuPoland akawedzera kuti: “Zak ndomumwe wevaridzi vepiyano vanoshamisa vandati ndambonzwa muupenyu hwangu hurefu.” (Soviet laureates emakwikwi emimhanzi epasi rose. - M., 1937. P. 125.).

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… Yakov Izrailevich akayeuka kuti: “Makwikwi aya aida simba rinenge risiri rehunhu. Maitirwo emakwikwi acho akave anonakidza kwazvo (zviri nyore kune vari kukwikwidza varipo): nhengo dzedare redzimhosva muWarsaw dzakaiswa pachikuva chaimo, pedyo nepadivi nevatauri." Zak akanga akagara pakibhodhi, uye pane imwe nzvimbo pedyo naye ("Ini ndakanzwa kufema kwavo ...") vaiva maartist ane mazita aizivikanwa kunyika yose yemimhanzi - E. Sauer, V. Backhaus, R. Casadesus, E. Frey nevamwe. Paakapedza kutamba, akanzwa kuombera maoko – izvi, zvichipesana netsika nemagariro, nhengo dzedare redzimhosva dzakaombera – pakutanga zvaisaita sekunge vane chekuita naye. Zach akapihwa mubairo wekutanga uye mumwezve, wekuwedzera - webronze laurel wreath.

Kukunda mumakwikwi ndiko kwakava kuguma kwedanho rekutanga mukuumbwa kwenyanzvi. Makore ekushanda nesimba akamutungamirira.

Yakov Izrailevich Zak akaberekerwa muOdessa. Mudzidzisi wake wokutanga aiva Maria Mitrofanovna Starkova. (“Muimbi akasimba, akakwaniriswa zvikuru,” Zach akayeuka neshoko rokuonga, “aiziva nzira yokupa nayo vadzidzi icho chinowanzonzwisiswa sechikoro.”) Mukomana ane chipo akafamba mudzidzo yake yokuridza piyano nechinhano chokukurumidza uye kunyange. Muzvidzidzo zvake maive nekushingirira, nekuva nechinangwa, nekuzvibata; kubva paudiki aive akasimba uye anoshanda nesimba. Pazera re15, akapa yekutanga clavierabend muhupenyu hwake, achitaura kune vanoda mimhanzi yeguta rake rekuzvarwa nemabasa naBeethoven, Liszt, Chopin, Debussy.

Muna 1932, jaya akapinda chikoro Moscow Conservatory kuti GG Neuhaus. "Zvidzidzo naGenrikh Gustavovich zvakanga zvisiri zvidzidzo mukududzirwa kwakajairwa kweshoko," akadaro Zak. "Chaive chimwe chinhu: zviitiko zvehunyanzvi. "Vakapisa" nekubata kwavo nechimwe chinhu chitsva, chisingazivikanwe, chinofadza ... Isu, vadzidzi, takaita setakapinzwa mutemberi yepfungwa dzemumhanzi wepamusoro, manzwiro akadzama uye akaoma kunzwisisa ... "Zak akapotsa atadza kubuda mukirasi yaNeuhaus. Akanga aripo pachinenge chidzidzo chiri chose chapurofesa wake (munguva pfupi zvikurusa inobvira akagona unyanzvi hwokuzvibetsera amene namazano nemirayiridzo yakapiwa kuvamwe); akanyatsoteerera mutambo wevamwe vake. Mashoko akawanda uye mazano aHeinrich Gustavovich akanyorwa naye mubhuku rinokosha.

Muna 1933-1934, Neuhaus akanga achirwara zvikuru. Kwemwedzi inoverengeka, Zak akadzidza mukirasi Konstantin Nikolaevich Igumnov. Zvakawanda pano zvaitaridzika zvakasiyana, kunyangwe zvisiri zvishoma zvinonakidza uye zvinonakidza. "Igumnov aive nemhando inoshamisa, isingawanzo: aikwanisa kubata nekutarisa kamwe chete chimiro chemimhanzi yese uye panguva imwechete akaona zvese zvayo, "sero" rega. Vashoma vanhu vaida uye, kunyanya kukosha, vaiziva kushanda nemudzidzi pane ruzivo rwekuita, kunyanya, saiye. Uye zvakakosha sei, zvinhu zvakakosha zvaakakwanisa kutaura, zvakaitika, munzvimbo yakamanikana muzviyero zvishoma! Dzimwe nguva unotarisa, kweawa imwe nehafu kana maviri yechidzidzo, mapeji mashomanana akapfuudzwa. Uye basa racho, seitsvo pasi pezuva rechirimo, rakazadzwa nejusi ... "

Muna 1935, Zak akatora chikamu muChipiri All-Union Competition yeVaimbi Vanoimba, achitora nzvimbo yechitatu mumakwikwi aya. Uye makore maviri gare gare kwakauya kubudirira muWarsaw, iyo yakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Kukunda muguta guru rePoland kwakava mufaro mukuru nekuti, manheru emakwikwi, mukwikwidzi wacho haana kutombozviona semumwe wevadiwa mukati memoyo wake. Zvishoma pane zvese zvekuda kuwedzeredza kugona kwake, kungwara uye kungwara kupfuura kuzvikudza, akange ave achigadzirira makwikwi kwenguva yakareba anenge ari munyengeri. “Pakutanga ndakasarudza kusarega chero munhu upi zvake achipinda muhurongwa hwangu. Ndakadzidzisa purogiramu yacho zvachose ndiri ndoga. Ipapo akashinga kuiratidza kuna Genrikh Gustavovich. Kazhinji akabvumira. Akatanga kundibatsira kugadzirira rwendo rwokuWarsaw. Izvo, pamwe, ndizvo zvese… "

Kukunda paChopin Competition kwakaunza Zak pamberi peSoviet pianism. Vatori venhau vakatanga kutaura nezvake; paiva nekariro inokwezva yokushanya. Zvinozivikanwa kuti hapana muedzo wakaoma uye unonyengera kupfuura bvunzo yekubwinya. Mudiki Zak akamuponawo. Rukudzo haruna kuvhiringidza pfungwa dzake dzakajeka uye dzakadzikama, hadzina kusvibisa kuda kwake, hadzina kukanganisa hunhu hwake. Warsaw yakava imwe yemapeji akashandurwa mubiography yake yemushandi akasindimara, asinganeti.

Danho idzva rebasa rakatangwa, uye hapana chimwezve. Zak panguva ino anodzidzisa zvakawanda, anounza hwaro hwakasimba uye hwakasimba hwerepertoire yake yekonzati. Paanenge achikudza matambiro ake ekutamba, anovandudza matambiro ake, maitiro ake. Kutsoropodzwa kwenziyo kwemakumi matatu mumunhu waA. Alschwang anoti: “I. Zach mutambi akasimba, akadzikama, ane unyanzvi; maitiro ake ekuita haatarisiri kukuwedzera kwekunze, kuratidziro dzechisimba dzehasha dzinopisa, kune zvechido, zvisingadzoreki. Uyu muimbi akangwara, akajeka uye akangwarira." (Alshwang A. Soviet Schools of Pianoism: Essay on the Second // Soviet Music. 1938. No. 12. P. 66.).

Kutariswa kunoswededzwa pakusarudzwa kwetsanangudzo: “yakasimba, yakaenzana, yakakwana. Akangwara, akajeka, akangwarira…” Mufananidzo wehunyanzvi waZach ane makore makumi maviri nemashanu akaumbwa, sezviri nyore kuona, nekujeka kwakakwana uye nechokwadi. Ngatiwedzere - uye yekupedzisira.

Mumakore makumi mashanu nemakumi matanhatu, Zak aive mumwe wevamiriri vanozivikanwa uye vane chiremera cheSoviet piyano kuita. Anoenda nenzira yake pachake mune unyanzvi, ane chiso chakasiyana, chinoyeukwa zvakanaka cheunyanzvi. Chiso chii vakasimba, zvachose yakasimbiswa vatenzi?

Akanga ari uye achiri muimbi anogaroiswa muboka—neimwe kokorodzano, chokwadika—muboka re“nyanzvi.” Kune maartist ane matauriro ekugadzira anonyandurwa zvakanyanya nezvinongoerekana zvaitika, zvinongoerekana zvaitika, zvakanyanya zvekufungira. Kusvika kumwero wakati, Zach ndiye antipode yavo: kutaura kwake kwekuita kwaigaro fungwa pachine nguva mberi, kuvhenekerwa nechiedza chekuona kure uye nekuchenjera pfungwa dzehunyanzvi. Kururama, chokwadi, kuenderana kusingagoneki kwekududzira vavariro - pamwe chete nepiyano yake incarnations chiratidzo cheunyanzvi hwaZach. Iwe unogona kutaura - chirevo cheiyi art. "Zvirongwa zvake zvekushanda zvine chivimbo, zvakasimbiswa, zvakajeka ..." (Grimikh K. Concerts of post-graduate pianists of the Moscow Conservatory // Sov. Music. 1933. No. 3. P. 163.). Aya mashoko akataurwa pamusoro pomuimbi muna 1933; nechikonzero chakaenzana - kana zvisingaite - vanogona kudzokororwa makore gumi, nemakumi maviri, uye makumi matatu gare gare. Maonero chaiwo ekufunga kwehunyanzvi kwaZach kwakamuita kuti asanyanya kuve mudetembi semuvaki ane hunyanzvi mukuridza nziyo. Akanyatso "kurongedza" zvinyorwa zvakanyanya, magadzirirwo ake eruzha aigara achienderana uye akanyatsoruramisa nekuverenga. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei mutambi wepiyano akawana budiriro apo vazhinji, uye vane mukurumbira wakashata, vevamwe vake vakakundikana, muChipiri Concerto yeBrahms, Sonata, op. 106 Beethoven, mudenderedzwa rakaoma kwazvo remunyori mumwecheteyo, Makumi matatu nematatu Kusiyana paWaltz naDiabelli?

Zak muimbi haana kungofunga nenzira isina kujairika uye yakavanzika; huwandu hwemanzwiro ake eunyanzvi hwainakidzawo. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti manzwiro uye manzwiro emunhu, kana "akavanzwa", asina kushambadzirwa kana kuratidzirwa, pakupedzisira anowana kukwezva kwakakosha, simba rinokosha rekuita. Ndizvo zviri muhupenyu, uye ndizvo zviri muunyanzvi. "Zviri nani kusataura pane kudzokorora," munyori weRussia ane mukurumbira PP Chistyakov akarayira vadzidzi vake. "Chinhu chakaipisisa kupa zvakawanda kupfuura zvinodiwa," KS Stanislavsky akatsigira pfungwa imwe chete, achiigadzira mukuita kwekuita kwemitambo yemitambo. Nekuda kwehunhu hwake uye imba yekuchengetera pfungwa, Zak, achiridza mimhanzi pachikuva, kazhinji aive asina kupambadza pazvakazarurwa zvepedyo; asi, aive akanyima, ane laconic mukutaura manzwiro; kubonderana kwake pamweya nepfungwa dzimwe nguva kungaita se“chinhu pachacho.” Zvakadaro, matauriro emuimbi wepiyano, kunyangwe akaderera, sekunge akanyarara, aive nerunako rwavo, runako rwavo. Zvikasadaro, zvingava zvakaoma kutsanangura kuti sei akakwanisa kuwana mukurumbira nekududzira mabasa akadai seChopin's concerto muF minor, Liszt's Petrarch's Sonnets, the A major sonata, op. 120 Schubert, Forlan naMinuet kubva kuRavel's Tomb yeCouperin, nezvimwe.

Tichirangarira zvakare zvinoonekwa zvepiyano yaZak, mumwe anogona asi kutaura nezve kusinga pinduke kwakakwira kusimba, magetsi emukati ekuridza kwake. Semuenzaniso, tinogona kutaura muimbi anonyanya kuzivikanwa weRakhmaninov's Rhapsody paDingindira rePaganini: sekunge simbi inodedera inozunguzika, yakakomberedzwa nemaoko akasimba, ane tsandanyama ... nemamiriro ekuzorora kwerudo; languid kufungisisa, ruzha "nirvana" - kwete basa rake renhetembo. Zvinoshamisa, asi ndezvechokwadi: kune ese Faustian uzivi hwepfungwa dzake, akazviratidza zvizere uye zvakajeka chiito - musimba remimhanzi, kwete mimhanzi statics. Simba rekufunga, rakawedzerwa nesimba rekuita, kujeka kwemimhanzi kufamba - iyi ndiyo nzira iyo munhu anogona kutsanangura nayo, semuenzaniso, kududzira kwake kweSarcasms, nhevedzano yeFleeting, Prokofiev's Second, Fourth, Fifth and Seventh Sonatas, Rachmaninov's Fourth. Concerto, Chiremba Gradus ad Parnassum kubva kuDebussy's Children's Corner.

Hazvisi zvakangoitika kuti piano agara achikwezvwa kune chinhu chepiyano toccato. Aifarira kutaura kwehunyanzvi hwekushandisa mota, manzwiro emusoro we "simbi lope" mukuita, mashiripiti eanomhanyisa, akasindimara emarimbo emvura. Ndicho chikonzero, sezviri pachena, pakati pekubudirira kwake kukuru semuturikiri kwaiva Toccata (kubva kuTomb of Couperin), uye konzati yaRavel muG guru, uye Prokofiev yakambotaurwa, uye yakawanda kubva kuBeethoven, Medtner, Rachmaninoff.

Uye chimwe hunhu hwemabasa aZak kutaridzika kwavo, rupo rwakasiyana-siyana rwemavara, ruvara rwakanaka. Atova muhuduku hwake, piano akazviratidza kuva tenzi anoshamisa maererano nekumiririra inzwi, zvakasiyana-siyana zvepiyano-kushongedza migumisiro. Achitaura pamusoro pekududzira kwake Liszt's sonata "Mushure mekuverenga Dante" (iyi opus yakanga yaratidzwa muzvirongwa zvemutambi kubvira makore ehondo isati yatanga), A. Alschwang haana netsaona kusimbisa "mufananidzo" wekutamba kwaZak: "Nesimba reiyo kudhirowa kwakagadzirwa, "akayemura, "I Zaka inotiyeuchidza nezve kudhirowa kwemifananidzo yeDante nemuFrance muimbi Delacroix ... " (Alshwang A. Soviet zvikoro zvepiyano. P. 68.). Nekufamba kwenguva, manzwisisiro emuimbi akawedzera kuoma uye nekusiyanisa, kunyange akasiyana uye akakwenenzverwa mavara akapenya patimbre palette yake. Vakapa runako rwakakosha kunhamba dzakadai dzerepertoire yekonzati yake se "Children Scenes" naSchumann naSonatina Ravel, "Burlesque" naR. Strauss naScriabin's Third Sonata, Medtner's Second Concerto uye "Variations on a Dingindira reCorelli" rakanyorwa naRachmaninoff.

Chinhu chimwe chinogona kuwedzerwa kune zvakataurwa: zvose zvakaitwa naZack paibhodhi yezviridzwa zvaive, sekutonga, zvinoratidzirwa nekukwana kwakakwana uye kusingagumi, kukwana kwemaitiro. Hapana chero chinhu "chakashanda" nekukurumidza, nekukurumidza, pasina kutarisisa kwekunze! Muimbi wezvinetso zvisingachinjiki zveunyanzvi, haambozvibvumira kuendesa mufananidzo wemutambo kuruzhinji; rimwe nerimwe remanzwi raakaratidza ari pachikuva rakaitwa nokururama kwomuzvarirwo uye kunyatsojeka. Zvichida haisi yese mifananidzo iyi yaive nechitambi chekufemerwa kwehunyanzvi: Zaki aive akanyanya kuenzana, uye ane njere dzakanyanya, uye (dzimwe nguva) aine bhinya. Zvisinei, zvisinei kuti mutambi wekonzati akasvika sei papiyano, aigara asina chivi muunyanzvi hwake hwekuridza piyano. Anogona kunge ari "pakurohwa" kana kuti kwete; haaigona kunge asina kururama mukugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi hwepfungwa dzake. Liszt akambosiya kuti: “Hazvina kukwana kuita, tinofanira yose“. Kwete nguva dzose uye kwete munhu wose ari pamapfudzi. Kana ari Zach, aive wevaimbi vanoziva uye vanoda kupedzisa zvese - kusvika kune zvakadzama ruzivo - muhunyanzvi hwekuita. (Dzimwe nguva, Zak aifarira kuyeuka chirevo chaStanislavsky chakakurumbira: "Chero "neimwe nzira", "zvakawanda", "inenge" haigamuchirwi muunyanzvi ... (Stanislavsky KS Sobr. soch.-M., 1954. T 2. S. 81.). Ndizvo zvakanga zvakaita dzidziso yake pachake.)

Zvese zvichangobva kutaurwa - ruzivo rwakakura rwemuimbi uye huchenjeri, kupinza kwehungwaru kwekufunga kwake kwehunyanzvi, kurangwa kwemanzwiro, hungwaru hwekugadzira hungwaru - zvakaumbwa mumubatanidzwa murudzi rwechinyakare rwemuimbi wekuridza (ane tsika dzepamusoro, ane nguva, "anoremekedzwa" ...), kune uyo asina chinhu chakakosha mukuita kwake kupfuura kuratidzwa kwechido chemunyori, uye hapana chinokatyamadza kupfuura kusateerera kwachiri. Neuhaus, ainyatsoziva hunyanzvi hwemudzidzi wake, haana kunyora netsaona nezve "mumwe mweya wehunhu hwepamusoro" waZak, kugona kwakasarudzika kwekuona uye kuburitsa hunyanzvi "chaizvoizvo", pasina kuunza zvakawandisa zvake, zvemunhu, zvinoenderana ... Vanyori vakadai saZak, Neuhaus akaenderera mberi achiti, "kwete munhu, asi munhu mukuru", mukuita kwavo "Mendelssohn ndiMendelssohn, Brahms ndiBrahms, Prokofiev ndiProkofiev. Hunhu (artist- VaC.) … sechimwe chinhu chinosiyaniswa zvakajeka nemunyori, chinodzokera shure; iwe unoona munyori sekunge kuburikidza negirazi hombe rinokudza (heino, mastery!), asi akachena zvachose, asina kusvibiswa neimwe nzira, asina kusvibiswa - girazi, iro rinoshandiswa mumateresikopu pakuona kwezvitunha zvekudenga ... " (Neigauz G. Kugadzira kweanoridza piyano // Vanoridza piyano vakatanhamara-vadzidzisi nezveunyanzvi hwepiyano. – M .; L., 1966. P. 79.).

…Nekusimba kwese kwekuita kwekonzati yaZach, nekukosha kwayo, yaingoratidza divi rimwe chete rehupenyu hwake hwekusika. Imwe, isinganyanyi kukosha, yaive yepedagogy, iyo mumakore makumi matanhatu nekutanga makumi manomwe yakasvika pakutumbuka kwayo kwepamusoro.

Zach anga achidzidzisa kwenguva refu. Apedza kudzidza, akatanga kubatsira purofesa wake, Neuhaus; chinguva chidiki akazopihwa kirasi yake. Anopfuura makumi mana emakore e "kuburikidza" neruzivo rwekudzidzisa ... Makumi evadzidzi, pakati pavo pane varidzi vemazita epiano - E. Virsaladze, N. Petrov, E. Mogilevsky, G. Mirvis, L. Timofeeva, S. Navasardyan, V .Bakk… Kusiyana naZak haana kumbova mumwe wevamwe vaimbi vekonzati, sekutaura, “nguva isina kuzara”, haana kumbobvira aona dzidziso sechinhu cheukoshi hwechipiri, apo kumbomira pakati pekushanya kunozadzwa. Aida basa mukirasi, nerupo akaisa mariri mariri simba rose repfungwa nemweya wake. Paaidzidzisa, haana kurega kufunga, kutsvaka, kuwana; pfungwa dzake dzekudzidzisa hadzina kupora nekufamba kwenguva. Tinogona kutaura kuti pakupedzisira akakudziridza kupindirana, kurongeka kwakarongeka maitiro (aisawanzofarira kusarongeka) mimhanzi uye didactic maonero, misimboti, zvitendero.

Chinangwa chikuru, chakakosha chemudzidzisi wepiyano, Yakov Izrailevich akatenda, ndiko kutungamirira mudzidzi kunzwisisa mimhanzi (uye kududzirwa kwayo) sechiratidzo chemaitiro akaoma ehupenyu hwemukati hwemweya. “… Kwete kareidoscope yemhando dzakanaka dzepiyano,” akatsanangura achisimbirira kupwere, “kwete chete ndima dzinokurumidza uye chaidzo, “zviridzwa” zvinoyevedza nezvimwe zvakadaro. Kwete, hunhu ndechimwe chinhu - mumifananidzo, manzwiro, pfungwa, manzwiro, mamiriro epfungwa ... "Senge mudzidzisi wake, Neuhaus, Zak akagutsikana kuti" muhunyanzvi hwekunzwika ... zvese, pasina kunze, zvinogona kuitika, kurarama, kufunga. kuburikidza, inoumbwa uye inoratidzirwa uye inonzwa munhu wacho (Neigauz G. Pahunyanzvi hwekuridza piyano. - M., 1958. P. 34.). Kubva pane izvi zvinzvimbo, akadzidzisa vadzidzi vake kufunga nezve "hunyanzvi hwekunzwika".

Kuziva kwemuimbi wechidiki zvokunamata Hunhu hwekuita hunogoneka ipapo chete, Zak akaenderera mberi nenharo, kana asvika padanho repamusoro remimhanzi, runako uye nekukura kwenjere. Kana hwaro hweruzivo rwake rwehunyanzvi hwakasimba uye hwakasimba, horizons yake yakakura, kufunga kwehunyanzvi kunoumbwa, uye ruzivo rwekugadzira rwunounganidzwa. Aya mabasa, Zak aitenda, aibva muchikamu cheakakosha mune zvemimhanzi pedagogy, uye piano pedagogy kunyanya. Vakagadziriswa sei mukuita kwake pachake?

Chekutanga, kuburikidza nekusuma kwevadzidzi kune yakakura kwazvo nhamba yemabasa akadzidzwa. Kuburikidza nekuonana kwemumwe nemumwe wevadzidzi vekirasi yake nehupamhi hunogoneka hwemhando dzakasiyana dzemimhanzi. Dambudziko nderekuti vatambi vechidiki vazhinji "vakavharwa zvakanyanya ... mudenderedzwa re "piano life" ine mukurumbira wakashata, Zak akazvidemba. “Kakawanda sei pfungwa dzavo pamusoro pemimhanzi dzinenge dziri shoma! [Tinofanira] kufunga nezve magadzirirwo ebasa mukirasi kuitira kuvhurira vadzidzi vedu hupenyu hwemimhanzi… nekuti pasina izvi, kusimukira kwakadzama kwemuimbi hakugoneke. (Zak Ya. Pane dzimwe nyaya dzekudzidzisa vechidiki varidzi vepiyano // Mibvunzo yekuridza piyano. – M., 1968. Chinyorwa 2. P. 84, 87.). Muchikwata chevaaishanda navo, haana kumboneta kudzokorora: "Muimbi wega wega anofanira kunge aine "dura reruzivo" rake, kuunganidza kwake kwakakosha kweakanzwa, kuita, uye ruzivo. Kuunganidzwa uku kwakafanana nemuunganidzi wesimba unodyisa fungidziro yekusika, inodiwa kuti urambe uchienda mberi. (Ibid., peji 84, 87.).

Отсюда — установка Зака ​​на возможно более интенсивный и широкий приток музыки в учебно-педагогический обиход его воспитанников. Так, наряду с обязательным репертуаром, в его классе нередко проходились и пьесы-спутники; они служили чем-то вроде вспомогательного материала, овладение которым, считал Зак, желательно, а то и просто необходимо для художественно полноценной интерпретации основной части студенческих программ. «Произведения одного и того же автора соединены обычно множеством внутренних «уз»,— говорил Яков Израилевич.— Нельзя по-настоящему хорошо исполнить какое-либо из этих произведений, не зная, по крайней мере, „близлежащих…»»

Kukura kwekuziva kwemimhanzi, kwakasiyanisa vadzidzi vaZach, kwakatsanangurwa, zvisinei, kwete chete nekuti murabhoritari yedzidzo, inotungamirwa napurofesa wavo, zvikuru. Zvaikoshawo as mabasa aiitirwa pano. Iwo chaiwo madzidzisiro aZak, maitiro ake ekudzidzisa akakurudzira kugara uye kukurumidza kuzadzazve kwehunyanzvi nehungwaru hwevadiki vanoridza piyano. Nzvimbo yakakosha mukati mechimiro ichi yaive, semuenzaniso, yekugamuchira generalizations (chinenge chinhu chinonyanya kukosha pakudzidzisa mimhanzi - zvichienderana nekushanda kwayo kwakakodzera). Kunyanya, imwe kongiri mukuita kwepiyano - iyo kubva pairi jira rechidzidzo rakarukwa (ruzha, mutinhimira, simba, chimiro, mhando yemhando, nezvimwewo), yaiwanzo shandiswa naYakov Izrailevich sechikonzero chekutora pfungwa dzakafara uye dzakasimba. zvinoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzemimhanzi art. Saka mhedzisiro: muchiitiko chekurarama piyano tsika, vadzidzi vake zvisingaonekwe, ivo pachavo, vakagadzira ruzivo rwakadzama uye rwakasiyana-siyana. Kudzidza naZach kwaireva kufunga: kuongorora, kuenzanisa, kusiyanisa, kusvika kune dzimwe mhedziso. “Teerera kune aya “anofamba” mafiguration anoenderana (mabhawa ekuvhura ekonsari yaRavel muG-major.— VaC.), akatendeukira kumudzidzi. “Hachisi chokwadi here kuti mavara echipiri aya ane mavara akasiyana sei! Nenzira, chii chaunoziva pamusoro pemutauro weHarmonic wekupedzisira Ravel? Zvakanaka, ko kana ndikakubvunza kuti uenzanise kuwirirana kwe, uti, Reflections uye The Tomb of Couperin?

Vadzidzi vaYakov Izrailevich vaiziva kuti muzvidzidzo zvake chero nguva munhu aigona kutarisira kusangana nenyika yezvinyorwa, theatre, nhetembo, pendi ... makirasi, nechido uye neunyanzvi akashandisa excursions kunzvimbo dzakavakidzana art : inoratidzwa nenzira iyi marudzi ose emimhanzi nekuita mazano, yakasimbiswa neinongedzero yenhetembo, mifananidzo uye mamwe analogues epedyo mazano ake edzidziso, maitiro uye zvirongwa. "Aesthetics yeimwe unyanzvi ndiyo aesthetics yeimwe, chete zvinhu zvakasiyana," Schumann akambonyora; Zach akataura kuti aigara achigutsikana kuti mashoko aya ndeechokwadi.

Achigadzirisa mamwe mabasa epiyano-pedagogical emuno, Zak akasarudza kubva kwavari iro raaiona rakanyanya kukosha: "Chinhu chikuru kwandiri kudzidzisa mudzidzi munzeve yemimhanzi yakakwenenzverwa, "yekristaro" ..." Nzeve yakadaro, iye akagadzira pfungwa yake, iyo yaizokwanisa kubata zvakanyanya kuomarara, akasiyana metamorphoses mumagadzirirwo eruzha, kusiyanisa zvakanyanya ephemeral, anoyevedza ane mavara uye ane mavara nuances uye kupenya. Muiti wechidiki haana ruzivo rwakadaro rwekunzwa kwekunzwa, zvichave zvisina maturo - Yakov Izrailevich aive nechokwadi cheizvi - chero zvinyengeri zvemudzidzisi, kana pedagogical "cosmetics" kana "gloss" ichabatsira chikonzero. Mune rimwe shoko, "nzeve ndeyemuimbi wepiyano izvo ziso rakaita kumuimbi ..." (Zak Ya. Pane dzimwe nyaya dzedzidzo yevechidiki vanoridza piyano. P. 90.).

Vadzidzi vaZak vakanyatsoita sei hunhu nehunhu hwese uhu? Paingova nenzira imwe chete: pamberi pemutambi, mabasa ekurira akadai akaiswa mberi izvo handina kukwanisa kukwezva kuseri kwekuremerwa kwezviwanikwa zvavo zvekunzwa, zvingave insoluble pakiibhodhi kunze kwekunaka kwakasiyaniswa, kwakanatswa mumhanzi kunzwa. Nyanzvi yepfungwa dzakanakisa, Zak aiziva kuti kugona kwemunhu kunoumbwa mukati mehupamhi hwechiito ichocho, icho kubva kumativi ese. zvinodiwa zvinoda hunyanzvi uhu - ivo chete, uye hapana chimwe chinhu. Zvaaitsvaga kubva kuvadzidzi muzvidzidzo zvake zvaisagona kuwanikwa pasina “nzeve” inoshingaira uye inonzwisa mumhanzi; ichi chaive chimwe chehunyanzvi hwekudzidzisa kwake, chimwe chezvikonzero zvekubudirira kwayo. Kana iri iyo chaiyo, "yekushanda" nzira dzekuvandudza kunzwa pakati pevaridzi vepiyano, Yakov Izrailevich akazviona zvakakosha kudzidza mimhanzi isina chiridzwa, nenzira yekumiririra intra-auditory, sezvavanotaura, "mukufungidzira." Aiwanzoshandisa musimboti uyu mukuita kwake, uye aipa vadzidzi vake kuti vaushandisewo.

Mushure mokunge mufananidzo webasa rakadudzirwa waumbwa mupfungwa dzemudzidzi, Zak akaona zvakanaka kusunungura mudzidzi uyu kubva pakuenderera mberi kwekudzidzisa. "Kana, tichiramba tichikurudzira kukura kwemhuka dzedu dzinovaraidza, isu tiripo semumvuri unogara uchiona mukuita kwadzo, izvi zvatokwana kuita kuti vataridzike semumwe nemumwe, kuunza munhu wese ku "common denominator" isina kujeka. (Zak Ya. Pane dzimwe nyaya dzedzidzo yevechidiki vanoridza piyano. P. 82.). Kukwanisa nenguva - kwete kare, asi kwete gare gare (yechipiri inonyanya kukosha) - kubva kure nemudzidzi, kumusiya ari oga, ndeimwe yenguva dzakaoma uye dzakaoma mubasa remudzidzisi wemimhanzi, Zak akadaira. Kubva kwaari munhu aigona kazhinji kazhinji kunzwa mashoko aArthur Schnabel, anoti: “Basa romudzidzisi kuzarura masuo, uye kwete kusundira vadzidzi kupfurikidza nawo.”

Ane hungwaru ane ruzivo rwakakura rwehunyanzvi, Zak, pasina kutsoropodza, akaongorora zviitiko zvemunhu zvehupenyu hwake hwekutamba hwazvino. Makwikwi akawandisa, marudzi ese emakwikwi emimhanzi, akanyunyuta. Kune chikamu chakakosha chemanovice artists, ivo "mukoridho wemiyedzo yemitambo" (Zak Ya. Vatambi vanobvunza mazwi // Sov. mimhanzi. 1957. Nha. 3. P 58.). Mukufunga kwake, nhamba yevakundi muhondo dzemakwikwi epasi rose yakawedzera zvakanyanya: “Mazita mazhinji, mazita, regalia akaonekwa munyika yemimhanzi. Zvinosuruvarisa, izvi hazvina kuwedzera nhamba yematarenda. " (Ibid.). Kutyisidzirwa kwechiitiko chekonzati kubva kumuimbiwo zvake, muimbi wepakati, ari kuramba achiwedzera, Zach akadaro. Izvi zvakamunetsa kupfuura chero chinhu chipi zvacho: "Zvichiwedzera," ainetseka, "imwe "kufanana" kwevaridzi vepiyano yakatanga kuoneka, yavo, kunyangwe yakakwira, asi rudzi rwe"kusika mwero… Kukunda mumakwikwi, ayo makarenda emakore achangopfuura akazara zvakanyanya, sezviri pachena anosanganisira hukuru hwehunyanzvi pamusoro pekufungidzira kwekusika. Handiti ndipo panobva “kufanana” kwevakahwina vedu here? Chii chimwe chekutarisa chikonzero? (Zak Ya. Pane dzimwe nyaya dzedzidzo yevechidiki vanoridza piyano. P. 82.). Yakov Izrailevich ainetsekawo kuti vamwe vekutanga vekoniti yemazuva ano vakaita sekuti kwaari vanyimwa chinhu chakakosha - hunyanzvi hwepamusoro. Kunyimwa, naizvozvo, kodzero yetsika netsika yokuva mhizha. Muimbi wepiyano, semumwe wevaanoshanda navo muunyanzvi, "anofanira kunge aine chido chekugadzira," Zak akasimbisa.

Uye tine vaimbi vechidiki vakadai vakapinda muhupenyu vaine shuviro huru dzehunyanzvi. Zvinosimbisa. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa, tine vaimbi vakati wandei vasina kana zano rekugadzira. Havatombofungi nezvazvo. Vanorarama zvakasiyana (Zak Ya. Vatambi vanobvunza mazwi. S. 58.).

Mune imwe yezvaakaonekwa nevatori venhau, Zach akati: "Chii mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzehupenyu chinozivikanwa se "careerism" inonzi "laureatism" mukuita" (Ibid.). Nguva nenguva akatanga kukurukura nezvenyaya iyi nepwere dzine unyanzvi. Pane imwe nguva, pane imwe nguva, akataura mazwi ekuzvikudza aBlok mukirasi:

Nyanduri haana basa Nyanduri ane magumo…

G. Tsypin