Alexis Weissenberg |

Alexis Weissenberg

Rimwe zuva muchirimo muna 1972, Horo yeMakonzati yeBulgaria yakanga yakazara vanhu. Vanoda mimhanzi yeSofia vakauya kumutambo wepiyano Alexis Weissenberg. Vose vari vaviri muimbi nevateereri veguta guru reBulgaria vakanga vakamirira zuva rino nemufaro chaiwo uye kusashivirira, sezvakaita amai vakamirira musangano nemwanakomana wavo akarasika uye achangowanikwa. Vakateerera mutambo wake vachifemereka, ipapo havana kumurega achibuda pachikuva kweinopfuura hafu yeawa, kutozosvikira uyu murume akazvidzora uye ane chitarisiko chakaoma ane chitarisiko chomutambo asiya nhandare achichema, achiti: “Ndiri ChiBulgarian. Ndaida uye ndinoda chete Bulgaria yangu inodiwa. Handifi ndakakanganwa nguva ino.”

Saka zvakaguma makore anoda kusvika makumi matatu emuimbi ane tarenda wekuBulgaria, odyssey izere nekunakidzwa uye kurwira.

Uduku hwemuenzi weramangwana akapfuura muSofia. Amai vake, nyanzvi yepiyano Lilian Piha, vakatanga kumudzidzisa mimhanzi pazera remakore 6. Muimbi akakurumbira uye pianist Pancho Vladigerov munguva pfupi akazova mutungamiri wake, uyo akamupa chikoro chakanakisisa, uye chinonyanya kukosha, hupamhi hwemaonero ake emimhanzi.

Makoniti ekutanga emudiki Siggi - akadaro aive zita raWeisenberg muhudiki hwake - akaitirwa muSofia neIstanbul nekubudirira. Nenguva isipi akakwezva kutarisa kwaA. Cortot, D. Lipatti, L. Levy.

Pakupisa kwehondo, amai vacho, vachitiza vaNazi, vakakwanisa kuenda naye kuMiddle East. Siggi akapa makonti muPalestine (kwaakadzidzawo naProfessor L. Kestenberg), ipapo muEgypt, Syria, South Africa, uye pakupedzisira akasvika kuU.SA. Murume wechidiki anopedza dzidzo yake paJuilliard School, mukirasi yeO. Samarova-Stokowskaya, anodzidza mimhanzi yeBach pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaWanda Landdowskaya pachake, anokurumidza kubudirira kubudirira. Kwemazuva akati wandei muna 1947, akava mukundi wemakwikwi maviri kamwechete - makwikwi evechidiki ePhiladelphia Orchestra uye Eighth Leventritt Competition, panguva iyoyo ainyanya kukosha muAmerica. Somugumisiro - kukunda kwekutanga nePhiladelphia Orchestra, rwendo rwenyika gumi neimwe muLatin America, koniti yega yega kuCarnegie Hall. Nezvekudzokororwa kwakawanda kubva kumapepanhau, tinodudza imwe yakaiswa muNew York Telegraph: "Weisenberg ine hunyanzvi hwese hunodiwa kumuimbi wevachangotanga, kugona kwemashiripiti ekuteta, chipo chekupa rwiyo uye mweya unofadza we song…”

Ndiko kwakatanga hupenyu hwakabatikana hwemunhu aifamba zvakanaka, aive nehunyanzvi hwakasimba uye repertoire yepakati, asi iyo, zvisinei, yakave nebudiriro yekusingaperi. Asi muna 1957, Weisenberg akangoerekana arova chivharo chepiyano ndokunyarara. Mushure mekugara muParis, akarega kuita. “Ndakanzwa,” iye gare gare akabvuma, “kuti pashoma napashoma ndakanga ndichiva musungwa wenguva dzose, zvirevo zvinotozivikanwa zvakwakanga kuri madikanwa kutiza. Ini ndaifanira kutarisisa uye kuita introspection, kushanda nesimba - kuverenga, kudzidza, "kurwisa" mimhanzi yaBach, Bartok, Stravinsky, kudzidza uzivi, mabhuku, kuyera zvandinosarudza.

Kudzingwa kwekuzvidira kubva pachikuva kwakaenderera mberi - nyaya inenge isati yamboitika - makore gumi! Muna 10, Weisenberg akaita debut yake zvakare ne orchestra yaitungamirirwa naG. Karayan. Vatsoropodzi vazhinji vakazvibvunza mubvunzo - iyo Weissenberg itsva yakaonekwa pamberi peruzhinji kana kuti kwete? Uye ivo vakapindura: kwete itsva, asi, pasina mubvunzo, yakagadziridzwa, yakaongororazve nzira dzayo nemisimboti, yakapfumisa iyo repertoire, yakawedzera kukomba uye ine mutoro munzira yayo yehunyanzvi. Uye izvi hazvina kumuunza mukurumbira chete, asiwo ruremekedzo, kunyange zvazvo kwete kubvumirana pamwe chete. Vaimbi vepiyano vashoma vomuzuva redu vanowanzouya mungwariro yevoruzhinji, asi vashomanene vanoparira gakava rakadaro, dzimwe nguva chimvuramabwe chemiseve inotsoropodza. Vamwe vanomuisa semuimbi wekirasi yepamusoro uye vanomuisa padanho reHorowitz, vamwe, vachiziva hunhu hwake husingaite, vanoidana divi rimwe chete, vachikunda chikamu chemumhanzi wemutambo. Mutsoropodzi E. Croher akayeuka pamusoro pekakavadzano dzakadaro mashoko aGoethe: “Ichi ndicho chiratidzo chakanakisisa chokuti hapana anotaura nezvake nokusakendenga.”

Zvechokwadi, hapana vanhu vasina hanya pamakonzati eWeisenberg. Heino nzira iyo mutori wenhau weFrance Serge Lantz anotsanangura fungidziro iyo mutambi wepiyano anoita kune vateereri. Weissenberg anotora danho. Pakarepo panotanga kuita seakareba. Kuchinja kwechimiro chemurume watichangobva kuona kuseri kwezviitiko kunoshamisa: chiso chinenge chakavezwa kubva kugranite, uta hunodziviswa, kuputika kwekhibhodi kunokurumidza kupenya, kufamba kunosimbiswa. Runako rwunoshamisa! Kuratidzirwa kunoshamisa kwokugona kwakakwana kwezvose zviri zviviri hunhu hwake amene navateereri vake. Anofunga nezvavo paanenge achitamba here? "Aiwa, ndinongotarisa mimhanzi," muimbi anopindura. Akagara pachiridzwa, Weisenberg anongoerekana aita seasiri wechokwadi, anoita kunge akavharirwa kunze kwenyika, achipinda rwendo rwega kuburikidza ne ether yemimhanzi yenyika. Asi zvakare ndezvechokwadi kuti murume ari maari anotora nzvimbo pamusoro peanoridza chiridzwa: hunhu hwekutanga hunotora kukosha hukuru kupfuura hunyanzvi hwekududzira hwechipiri, hunopfumisa uye hunofema hupenyu muhunyanzvi hwekuita. Uyu ndiwo mukana mukuru wemuimbi wepiyano Weisenberg… "

Uye heino nzira iyo mutambi pachake anonzwisisa basa rake: "Apo muimbi ane unyanzvi anopinda munhandare, anofanira kunzwa semwari. Izvi zvinodikanwa kuitira kudzora vateereri uye nekuvatungamira munzira inodiwa, kuvasunungura kubva kune yekutanga mazano uye clichés, kumisikidza hutongi hwakakwana pamusoro pavo. Ipapo ndipo paanozonzi musiki wechokwadi. Muiti wacho anofanira kunge achinyatsoziva simba rake pamusoro pevanhu, asi kuti atore kubva mairi kwete kudada kana zvirevo, asi simba rinozomuita mutongi wechokwadi pachikuva.

Iyi yekuzvimiririra inopa pfungwa chaiyo yemaitiro ekugadzira Weisenberg, yenzvimbo dzake dzekutanga dzehunyanzvi. Mukurongeka, tinoona kuti mhedzisiro inowanikwa naye iri kure nekugutsa munhu wese. Vatsoropodzi vazhinji vanomuramba kudziya, hukama, kunamata, uye, nekudaro, tarenda chairo remuturikiri. Ndeipi, semuenzaniso, mitsara yakadaro yakaiswa mumagazini "Musical America" ​​muna 1975: "Alexis Weissenberg, ane hunyoro hwake hwose uye unyanzvi hwokugadzira, haana zvinhu zviviri zvinokosha - unyanzvi uye manzwiro" ...

Zvakadaro, nhamba yevanoyemura Weisenberg, kunyanya muFrance, Italy neBulgaria, iri kuramba ichikura. Uye kwete netsaona. Ehe, hazvisi zvese zviri mumhanzi yakakura yerepertoire zvinobudirira zvakaenzana (muChopin, semuenzaniso, dzimwe nguva pane kushaikwa kwekuda kwerudo, lyrical kushamwaridzana), asi mukududzirwa kwakanakisa anowana kukwana kwepamusoro; vanogara vachiratidza kurova kwepfungwa, kuumbwa kwehungwaru uye hunhu, kurambwa kwechero clichés, chero maitiro - kunyangwe tiri kutaura nezve Bach's partitas kana Variations pane dingindira raGoldberg, concertos naMozart, Beethoven, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, Prokofiev. , Brahms, Bartok. Liszt's Sonata muB minor kana Fog's Carnival, Stravinsky's Petrushka kana Ravel's Noble and Sentimental Waltzes uye dzakawanda, dzakawanda dzimwe nziyo.

Zvichida mutsoropodzi weBulgaria S. Stoyanova akarondedzera nzvimbo yaWeisenberg munyika yenziyo yazvino uno nenzira yakarurama zvikuru: “Chiitiko cheWeisenberg chinoda chimwe chinhu chinopfuura kuongororawo zvako. Anoda kuwanikwa kwehunhu, iyo chaiyo, iyo inomuita Weissenberg. Chekutanga pane zvese, pekutangira ndiyo aesthetic nzira. Weisenberg inonangana neyakajairwa muchimiro chemunyori chero upi zvake, anoratidza kutanga pane ese akajairika maficha, chimwe chinhu chakafanana nearithmetic zvinoreva. Nekuda kweizvozvo, anoenda kumufananidzo wemumhanzi nenzira ipfupi, akacheneswa zvemukati ... . Naizvozvo, muWeisenberg hatizowana chero kutsauka - kwete munzira yeruvara, kana chero chero rudzi rwepfungwa, kana kupi kumwe. Anogara achitamba zvine musoro, zvine chinangwa, zvine mutsindo uye zvinobudirira. Kwakanaka here kana kuti kwete? Zvose zvinoenderana nechinangwa. Kufarirwa kwemhando dzemimhanzi kunoda rudzi urwu rwepiyano - izvi hazvipokane.

Zvechokwadi, kunaka kweWeisenberg mukusimudzira mimhanzi, mukukwezva zviuru zvevateereri kwairi, hazvirambiki. Gore roga roga anopa akawanda emakonzati kwete muParis chete, munzvimbo huru, asiwo mumataundi ematunhu, anonyanya kuridza vechidiki, anotaura paterevhizheni, uye anodzidza nevatambi vepiyano vaduku. Uye munguva pfupi yapfuura zvakazoitika kuti muimbi anokwanisa "kuwana" nguva yekuumbwa: mumhanzi wake Fugue, wakaitwa muParis, wakabudirira zvisingarambiki. Uye, zvechokwadi, Weisenberg zvino anodzokera kunyika yake gore negore, kwaanokwaziswa nezviuru zvevanoyemura vanofarira.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990