Tito Schipa (Tito Schipa) |

Titus Schipa

Zita remuimbi wekuItaly Skipa rinogara richidanwa pakati pemazita evanonyanya kuzivikanwa tenors ehafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. VV Timokhin anonyora kuti: “… Skipa akanyanya mukurumbira semuimbi wenziyo. Chirevo chake chakasiyaniswa nehupfumi hwemanuances anoratidza, akakunda nekunyorova uye kupfava kwekunzwika, isingawanzo plastiki uye kunaka kwe cantilena.

Tito Skipa akaberekwa muna Ndira 2, 1889 kumaodzanyemba Italy, muguta Lecce. Mukomana aifarira kuimba kubva achiri mudiki. Nechekare pazera ramakore manomwe, Tito akaimba mukwaya yechechi.

“Mapoka eopera aiwanzouya kuLecce, achipinza basa vaduku nokuda kwekwaya yenguva pfupi yeimba yavo yemitambo,” anonyora kudaro I. Ryabova. -Tito mudiki aive akakosha kutora chikamu mumitambo yese. Bhishopi paakangonzwa mukomana wacho achiimba, uye paakakokwa, Skipa akatanga kupinda chikoro chebhaibheri, kwaainyanya kufarira kuita zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi uye kwaya. Kuseminari, Tito Skipa akatanga kudzidza kuimba nemumwe mukurumbira weko - muimbi weAmateur A. Gerunda, uye pasina nguva akave mudzidzi pachikoro chekuchengetedza muLecce, kwaakapinda makirasi epiyano, dzidziso yemimhanzi uye kuumbwa.

Gare gare, Skipa akadzidzawo kuimba muMilan nomudzidzisi wenzwi ane mukurumbira E. Piccoli. Wekupedzisira akabatsira mudzidzi wake kuita debut yake muna 1910 pane opera danho reguta reVercelli saAlfred muVerdi opera La traviata. Nokukurumidza Tito akatamira kuguta guru reItaly. Zviitwa paCostanci Theatre zvinounza budiriro huru kumuimbi wechidiki, izvo zvinomuvhurira nzira kune makuru edzimba uye ekunze theatre.

Muna 1913, Skipa inoshambira ichiyambuka gungwa uye inotamba muArgentina neBrazil. Kudzokera kumba, anoimba zvakare kuCostanzi, uyezve kuNeapolitan theatre San Carlo. Muna 1915, muimbi akaita debut yake paLa Scala sezvo Vladimir Igorevich muna Prince Igor; gare gare anoita chikamu cheDe Grieux muMassenet's Manon. Muna 1917, muMonte Carlo, Skipa akaimba chikamu cheRuggiero pamutambo wekutanga wePuccini's opera The Swallow. Kakawanda muimbi anoita muMadrid neLisbon, uye nekubudirira kukuru.

Muna 1919, Tito akatamira kuUnited States, ndokuva mumwe wavaimbi vega vakuru veChicago Opera House, kwaakaimba kubvira muna 1920 kusvikira muna 1932. Asi ipapo anowanzoshanya muEurope namamwe maguta eAmerica. Kubva 1929, Tito nguva nenguva airidza kuLa Scala. Mukati menzendo idzi, muimbi anosangana nevaimbi vakatanhamara, anoimba mumitambo inoitiswa nemakondakita makuru. Tito aifanira kuridza pachikuva uye pamwe chete nevaimbi vakakurumbira venguva iyoyo. Kazhinji mumwe wake aiva muimbi ane mukurumbira A. Galli-Curci. Kaviri Skipa akaita rombo rakanaka rekuimba pamwe chete naFI Chaliapin, muRossini's The Barber of Seville kuLa Scala muna 1928 uye kuColon Theatre (Buenos Aires) muna 1930.

Misangano naChaliapin yakasiya chiratidzo chisingadzimiki pandangariro dzaTito Skipa. Akazonyora kuti: “Muupenyu hwangu ndakasangana nevanhu vakawanda vakatanhamara, vakuru uye vakajeka, asi Fyodor Chaliapin ari pamusoro pavo seMont Blanc. Akabatanidza hunhu husingawanzo hwemutambi mukuru, akachenjera - operatic uye zvinoshamisa. Haasi makore ese zana anopa nyika munhu akadaro.

Mumakore makumi matatu, Skipa ari pakakwirira mukurumbira. Akagamuchira kukokwa kuMetropolitan Opera, uko muna 30 akaita dhipatimendi rake muDonizetti's Love Potion nekubudirira kukuru, achiva mutsivi akakodzera kutsika dzeBeniamino Gigli akakurumbira, uyo akanga achangobva kubva kuimba yemitambo. MuNew York, muimbi anoita kusvika 1932. Akaimba kweimwe mwaka paMetropolitan Opera muna 1935/1940.

Mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, Skipa akaita muItaly uye mumaguta akawanda pasi rose. Muna 1955 anosiya nhandare yeopera, asi anoramba ari mutambi wemakonti. Anopa nguva yakawanda kumitambo yemagariro nemimhanzi, achipfuudza ruzivo rwake uye hunyanzvi kune vaimbi vadiki. Skipa inotungamira makirasi ezwi mumaguta akasiyana eEurope.

Muna 1957, muimbi akaenda kushanya muUSSR, achiita muMoscow, Leningrad uye Riga. Ipapo anotungamira jury yemakwikwi ezwi eVI World Festival yeVechidiki uye Vadzidzi muMoscow.

Muna 1962, muimbi akaita rwendo rwekuonekana kuUnited States. Skipa akafa musi waDecember 16, 1965 muNew York.

Muimbi ane mukurumbira wekuItaly, Celetti, akanyora nhanganyaya yememoirs yaSkipa, yakabudiswa muRoma muna 1961, anoti muimbi uyu akaita basa rakakosha munhoroondo yeimba yemitambo yekuItaly, akapesvedzera zvaidiwa neveruzhinji uye basa remumwe wake. vatambi nehunyanzvi hwake.

"Atova mumakore ekuma20, akanga ari pamberi pezvaidiwa nevoruzhinji," Cheletti anoti, "achiramba kushandisa mabhenefiti ekurira, achizivikanwa nekupfava kwake kwakanakisa kwemazwi, maitiro ekungwarira kune izwi. Uye kana iwe uchitenda kuti bel canto kuimba kwehupenyu, saka Skipa ndiye mumiriri wayo akanaka. "

"Repertoire yemuimbi wacho yakatsanangurwa nemhando yezwi rake, rwiyo runyoro," anonyora I. Ryabova. -Zvinofarirwa nemuimbi zvainyanya kutariswa pamaopera eRossini, Bellini, Donizetti, pane zvimwe zvikamu mumaopera eVerdi. Muimbi-muimbi ane tarenda rakakura, ane mumhanzi unoshamisa, hunyanzvi hwekuita, hunhu hwekuita, Skipa akagadzira dura remifananidzo yakajeka yemimhanzi nedariro. Pakati pavo ndiAlmaviva muRossini's The Barber yeSeville, Edgar muLucia di Lammermoor uye Nemorino muDonizetti's Potion of Love, Elvino muBellini's La Sonnambula, Duke muRigoletto uye Alfred muVerdi's La Traviata. Skipa anozivikanwawo semutambi anoshamisa wezvikamu mumaopera nevanyori vekuFrance. Pakati pezvaakasika zvakanakisa mabasa aDes Grieux naWerther muma opera naJ Massenet, Gerald muLakma naL. Delibes. Muimbi wetsika dzemumhanzi wepamusoro, Skipa akakwanisa kugadzira mifananidzo isingakanganwiki muV.-A. Mozart”.

Semuimbi wekonzati, Skipa ainyanya kuimba nziyo dzechiSpanish neItalian. Ndiye mumwe wevanonyanya kuita nziyo dzeNeapolitan. Mushure mekufa kwake, zvinorekodhwa zvemuimbi zvinogara zvichisanganisirwa mune ese anonzwika anthologies enziyo yeNeapolitan yakaburitswa kunze kwenyika. Skipa yakanyorwa kakawanda pamarekodhi egiramufoni - somuenzaniso, opera Don Pasquale yakanyorwa zvachose nekuita kwake.

Nyanzvi yakaratidza hunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye kuita nyeredzi mumafirimu mazhinji emimhanzi. Imwe yemafirimu aya - "Favorite Arias" - yakaratidzwa pazviratidziro zvenyika yedu.

Skipa akawanawo mukurumbira semunyori. Ndiye munyori wenziyo dzekwaya nepiyano nenziyo. Pakati pemabasa ake makuru iMisa. Muna 1929 akanyora operetta "Princess Liana", yakaitirwa muRoma muna 1935.