Kemancha: tsananguro yechiridzwa, kuumbwa, nhoroondo, marudzi, maitiro ekutamba

Kemancha chiridzwa chine tambo. Ndezveboka reuta. Inoparadzirwa muCaucasus, Middle East, Greece nedzimwe nzvimbo.

Nhoroondo yechishandiso

Persia inoonekwa seimba yemadzitateguru eKamancha. Mifananidzo yekare uye mareferensi echiPezhiya akakotama tambo chiridzwa chakatanga muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Ruzivo rwakadzama nezvekwakabva chiridzwa chiri muzvinyorwa zvePezhiya musical theorist Abdulgadir Maragi.

Tateguru wePezhiya akasiyaniswa nekugadzirwa kwepakutanga kwemazana emakore iwayo. Iyo fretboard yaive refu uye isina claw, ichibvumira imwe nzvimbo yekuvandudza. Hoko dzacho dzakakura. Mutsipa waive nechimiro chakaurungana. Chikamu chepamberi chechiitiko chacho chakaitwa kubva paganda rezvinokambaira nehove. A spire inotambanudza kubva pasi pemuviri.

Nhamba yetambo 3-4. Hapana kana system imwe chete, kemancha yakarongedzwa zvichienderana nezvaidiwa nekamancha. Vaimbi vemazuva ano vekuIran vanoshandisa violin tuning.

Kubvisa ruzha kubva kuPersian kemenche, semicircular horsehair bow inoshandiswa. Paanenge achiridza, muimbi anomisa spire pasi kuti agadzirise chiridzwa.

Mhando

Kune marudzi akawanda ezviridzwa zvinogona kunzi kemancha. Ivo vanobatanidzwa nechimiro chakafanana chemuviri, nhamba yetambo, mitemo yeMutambo uye mudzi mumwechete muzita. Mhuka imwe neimwe inogona kusanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana zve kemancha.

• Pontic lyre. Yakatanga kuoneka muByzantium muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX-XNUMX AD. Iyo yekupedzisira dhizaini yembira yakavakirwa paPersian kamancha. Lyra yakatumidzwa zita rekare rechiGiriki zita reGungwa Dzvuku - Pont Euxinus, kumahombekombe ekumaodzanyemba kwaipararira. Iyo Pontic vhezheni inosiyaniswa nechimiro chenyaya, yakafanana nebhodhoro, uye diki resonator gomba. Itsika kuridza mbira muzvina patambo dzakawanda panguva imwe chete.

• Armenian keman. Yakaburuka kubva kuPontic kemancha. Mutumbi weArmenian version wakawedzerwa, uye nhamba yetambo yakawedzerwa kubva ku4 kusvika ku7. Keman anewo tambo dzinotinhira. Midziyo yekuwedzera inobvumira keman kunzwika zvakadzama. Serob "Jivani" Stepanovich Lemonyan anonyanya kuzivikanwa mutambi weArmenian kamanist.
• Armenian kamancha. Kuparadzanisa Armenian vhezheni yekamancha, isina hukama nekeman. Nhamba yetambo 3-4. Paive nediki nehombe. Kudzika kweinzwi kwaienderana nekukura kwemuviri. Chimiro chekutamba kamancha inyanzvi yekukweva uta neruoko rwerudyi. Nezvigunwe zveruoko rwerudyi, muimbi anochinja inzwi renzwi. Panguva yeKutamba, chiridzwa chinosimudzwa kumusoro neruoko rwakasimudzwa.
• Kabak Kemane. Shanduro yeTranscaucasian, kutevedzera mbira dzeByzantine. Musiyano mukuru muviri wakagadzirwa kubva kumhando dzakasiyana dzenhanga.

• Turkish Kemenche. Zita rekuti "kemendzhe" rinowanikwawo. Yakakurumbira muTurkey yemazuva ano. Muviri wakaita sepear. Kureba 400-410 mm. Upamhi haupfuuri 150 mm. Chimiro chacho chakavezwa kubva pamatanda akaoma. Classic tuning pamhando nhatu-tambo: DGD. Paunenge uchitamba, mutsipa une mapegi unogara pafudzi reKemenchist. Mutsindo unobviswa neminwe. Legato inowanzoshandiswa.

• Azerbaijani kamancha. Iyo Azerbaijani dhizaini inofanirwa kunge ine zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha. Mutsipa wakabatanidzwa nemuviri, uye spire inopfuura nemuviri wose kugadzirisa kamancha. Muviri dzimwe nguva unoshongedzwa nemifananidzo uye zvinhu zvekushongedza. Kureba kwekamancha ndeye 3 cm, ukobvu huri 70 cm, uye hupamhi huri 17,5 cm. Kusvika muzana ramakore rechitatu, mamodheru ane 19,5, 3 uye 4 tambo aive akajairika muAzerbaijan. Shanduro dzekare dzaive nekugadzirwa kwakareruka: ganda remhuka rakatambanudzwa pamusoro pekucheka kwehuni nguva dzose.