Tikhon Khrennikov |

Tikhon Khrennikov

“Ndiri kunyora nezvei? Nezve rudo rwehupenyu. Ndinoda upenyu mune zvose zvinoratidzwa uye ndinokoshesa zvikuru musimboti unosimbisa upenyu muvanhu.” Mumashoko aya - unhu hukuru hweunhu hwemuumbi weSoviet anoshamisa, pianist, mukuru wevanhu vose.

Mimhanzi yagara iri chishuwo changu. Kuzadzikiswa kwechiroto ichi kwakatanga muhuduku, apo munyori weramangwana aigara nevabereki vake nehanzvadzi dzakawanda nehanzvadzi (iye aiva wokupedzisira, mwana wegumi mumhuri) muYelets. Chokwadi, makirasi emimhanzi panguva iyoyo aive echisikigo. Zvidzidzo zvakakomba zveunyanzvi zvakatanga muMoscow, muna 1929 paMusic College. Gnesins naM. Gnesin naG. Litinsky ndokubva vapfuurira kuMoscow Conservatory mukirasi yekunyora V. Shebalin (1932-36) uye mukirasi yepiyano yaG. Neuhaus. Ndichiri mudzidzi, Khrennikov akasika First Piano Concerto yake (1933) uye First Symphony (1935), iyo yakakurumidza kuhwina kubvumwa kwevose vateereri uye vaimbi nyanzvi. "Nhamo, mufaro, kutambura uye mufaro" - iyi ndiyo nzira iyo munyori pachake akatsanangura nayo pfungwa yeFirst Symphony, uye kutanga uku-kusimbisa hupenyu kwakava chinhu chikuru chemimhanzi yake, iyo inogara ichichengetedza manzwiro ehuduku ehuzere- ropa rekuva. Hunhu hwakajeka hwemifananidzo yemimhanzi iri musymphony iyi hwaive humwe hunhu hwemanyorerwo emunyori, uyo waizoratidza mune ramangwana kufarira nguva dzose mumhando dzemitambo yemimhanzi. (Mubhuku rehupenyu hwaKhrennikov pane kunyange ... mutambo wekuita! Mufirimu yakatungamirirwa naY. Raizman "Chitima Chinoenda Kumabvazuva" (1947), akatamba basa reSailor.) Khrennikov akatanga semunyori wemitambo akatora nzvimbo paMoscow Theater for Children, inotungamirirwa naN. Sats (kutamba ” Mick, 1934), asi kubudirira chaiko kwakauya paTheatre. E. Vakhtangov akagadzira comedy naV. Shakespeare "Much Ado About Nothing" (1936) nemimhanzi naKhrennikov.

Makanga muri mubasa iri apo chipo chenziyo chine rupo chemunyori, chinova ndicho chakavanzika chikuru chemimhanzi yake, chakatanga kuziviswa zvizere. Nziyo dzaiitwa pano dzakabva dzave dzakakurumbira zvisingaite. Uye mumabasa akatevera emitambo yemitambo uye cinema, nziyo itsva dzakagara dzichionekwa, dzakangopinda muupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye hadzina kurasikirwa nerunako. "Rwiyo rweMoscow", "Senge nightingale nezve rozi", "Boat", "Lullaby of Svetlana", "Chii chinovhiringidzwa nemoyo", "March wevarwi vehondo" - idzi nedzimwe nziyo dzakawanda dzeKhrennikov dzakatanga. hupenyu hwavo mumitambo nemafirimu.

Rwiyo rwakava hwaro hwemanyorerwo emumhanzi, uye mitambo yemitambo yakanyanya kutara misimboti yekusimudzira mimhanzi. Mimhanzi madingindira-mifananidzo mumabasa ake inoshandurwa nyore, inoteerera zvakasununguka mitemo yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana - ingave opera, ballet, symphony, konzati. Uku kukwanisa kumarudzi ose emametamorphoses anotsanangura chimiro chakadaro chebasa raKhrennikov sekudzoka kunodzokororwa kune imwe nzvimbo uye, maererano naizvozvo, mimhanzi mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, kubva pamimhanzi yemutambo "Much Ado About Nothing", iyo comic opera "Much Ado About ... Mwoyo" (1972) uye ballet "Love for Love" (1982) yakagadzirwa; mimhanzi yemutambo "Kare kare" (1942) inowanikwa mufirimu "The Hussar's Ballad" (1962) uye mubhallet yezita rimwe chete (1979); mimhanzi yefirimu The Duenna (1978) inoshandiswa mune opera-mimhanzi Dorothea (1983).

Imwe yemhando dziri padyo neKhrennikov ndeye mumhanzi comedy. Izvi ndezvemuzvarirwo, nekuti muimbi anoda joke, kuseka, zviri nyore uye zvechisikigo anojoinha mumamiriro ekuseka, anovandudza ivo hungwaru, sekunge ari kukoka munhu wese kuti agoverane mufaro wekunakidzwa uye kugamuchira mamiriro emutambo. Zvisinei, panguva imwe chete, anowanzotendeukira kumisoro iyo iri kure nekuseka chete. Saka. the libretto of the operetta One Hundred Devils and One Girl (1963) yakavakirwa pazvinhu zvinobva muhupenyu hwevanyanyisi vemasekete ezvitendero. Pfungwa yeopera The Golden Calf (yakavakirwa pamutsara wezita rimwechete naI. Ilf naE. Petrov) inodzokorora matambudziko makuru enguva yedu; kutanga kwayo kwakaitika muna 1985.

Kunyange paaidzidza panzvimbo yekuchengetedza, Khrennikov aiva nepfungwa yekunyora opera pamusoro pechimurenga dingindira. Akazviita gare gare, achigadzira mhando yenhanho yetatu: opera Kupinda Dutu (1939) yakavakirwa padanho renovhero yaN. Virta. "Kusurukirwa" pamusoro pezviitiko zvechimurenga, "Amai" maererano naM. Gorky (1957), nhoroondo yemimhanzi "White Night" (1967), apo hupenyu hweRussia manheru eGreat October Socialist Revolution inoratidzwa mune yakaoma. kupindirana kwezviitiko.

Pamwe chete nemhando dzemitambo yemimhanzi, mimhanzi yezviridzwa inotora nzvimbo inokosha mubasa raKhrennikov. Iye ndiye munyori wenziyo nhatu (1935, 1942, 1974), piyano nhatu (1933, 1972, 1983), violin mbiri (1959, 1975), maviri cello (1964, 1986) concerto. Mhando yekonti inonyanya kukwezva munyori uye inoratidzika kwaari muchinangwa chayo chepakutanga - semakwikwi anofadza ekupemberera pakati pe soloist uye orchestra, pedyo nemutambo wemitambo inodiwa naKhrennikov. Iyo yedemocratic yekumisikidza iri mumhando inopindirana nehunyanzvi zvinangwa zvemunyori, uyo anogara achiedza kutaurirana nevanhu mumhando dzakasiyana siyana. Imwe yeaya mafomu ndeye pianistic yemakonti, yakatanga muna Chikumi 21, 1933 muGreat Hall yeMoscow Conservatory uye yave ichienderera kweinopfuura hafu yezana ramakore. Muhuduku hwake, semudzidzi pachikoro chekuchengetedza, Khrennikov akanyora mune imwe yetsamba dzake kuti: "Iye zvino vakateerera kusimudza chiyero chetsika ... ndinoda chaizvo kuita ... basa guru revanhu munharaunda iyi."

Mashoko acho akazova echiporofita. Muna 1948, Khrennikov akasarudzwa Mukuru, kubva muna 1957 - Munyori Wokutanga weBhodi reMubatanidzwa weVanyori veUSSR.

Pamwe chete nemabasa ake makuru emagariro, Khrennikov akadzidzisa kwemakore akawanda paMoscow Conservatory (kubvira 1961). Zvinoita sekuti muimbi uyu anogara mune imwe pfungwa yakakosha yenguva, asingagumi achiwedzera miganhu yayo uye achiizadza nenhamba huru yezvinhu zvakaoma kufungidzira pachiyero chehupenyu hwemunhu mumwe.

O. Averyanova