Sitar: tsananguro yechiridzwa, kuumbwa, ruzha, nhoroondo, kushandiswa

Chimiro chemimhanzi cheEurope chinozeza kugamuchira Asia, asi Indian musical chiridzwa, Sitar, yasiya miganhu yenyika yayo, yave yakakurumbira zvikuru muEngland, Germany, Sweden nedzimwe nyika. Zita rayo rinobva mukusanganiswa kwemazwi eTurkic "se" uye "tar", zvinoreva "tambo nhatu". Inzwi remumiriri uyu wetambo haanzwisisike uye anoroya. Uye chiridzwa cheIndia chakakudzwa naRavi Shankar, virtuoso sitar player uye guru remimhanzi yenyika, uyo angadai akashandura makore zana nhasi.

Chii chinonzi sitar

Chiridzwa chacho ndecheboka retambo dzakadamburwa, mudziyo wacho wakafanana neruti uye une kureba kwakafanana negitare. Yakamboshandiswa kuridza Indian classical music, asi nhasi chiyero chayo chakakura. Sitar inogona kunzwika mumatombo ematombo, inoshandiswa mumapoka emarudzi uye evanhu.

MuIndia, anobatwa neruremekedzo rukuru uye ruremekedzo. Zvinotendwa kuti kuti unyatsogona chimbo, unofanirwa kurarama hupenyu huna. Nekuda kwenhamba huru yetambo uye yakasarudzika gour resonators, ruzha rweSitar rwakafananidzwa neye orchestra. Inzwi ndere hypnotic, rakasiyana nemapeals, vaimbi verock vari kutamba mumhando ye "psychedelic rock" vakawira murudo.

Tool mudziyo

Dhizaini yeSitar iri nyore kwazvo pakutanga kuona. Iyo ine maviri manhanga resonators - makuru uye madiki, ayo akabatanidzwa nehomo refu yeminwe. Iine tambo nomwe dzebourdon, mbiri dzacho dziri chikari. Ndivo vane basa rekutamba rhythmic ndima, uye mamwe ari melodic.

Pamusoro pezvo, imwe tambo gumi neimwe kana gumi nenhatu yakatambanudzwa pasi penati. Iyo yepamusoro diki resonator inosimudzira ruzha rwebass tambo. Mutsipa wakagadzirwa nemuti we tun. Nzungu dzinodhonzwa pamutsipa netambo, mapegi akawanda ane basa rekugadzirisa chiridzwa.

History

Iyo sitar inoita senge lute, iyo yakave yakakurumbira muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Asi kumashure muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX BC, chimwe chiridzwa chakamuka - iyo rudra-veena, iyo inonzi tateguru ari kure weSitar. Kwemazana emakore, yakave neshanduko dzinovaka, uye mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, muimbi weIndia Amir Khusro akagadzira chiridzwa chakafanana neTajik setor, asi yakakura. Akasika resonator kubva munhanga, awana kuti yakanga iri "muviri" wakadaro unomubvumira kuti abudise inzwi rakajeka uye rakadzika. Yakawedzera Khusro uye nhamba yetambo. Setor aingova matatu chete.

Play technique

Vanoridza chiridzwa vakagara, vachiisa resonator pamabvi avo. Mutsipa unobatwa neruoko rweruboshwe, tambo dziri muhuro dzakasungwa neminwe. Zvigunwe zveruoko rwerudyi zvinoburitsa mafambiro akadzura. Panguva imwecheteyo, "mizrab" inoiswa pane index finger - murevereri anokosha wekubudisa inzwi.

Kugadzira mazwi akakosha, munwe mudiki unosanganisirwa muPlay paSitar, inoridzwa pamwe netambo dzebourdon. Vamwe sitarist vanokura mbambo nemaune pamunwe uyu kuita kuti ruzha ruwedzere. Mutsipa une tambo dzakawanda dzisingashandiswe zvachose panguva yekutamba. Vanogadzira echo effect, vanoita kuti mutinhimira uwedzere kujeka, uchisimbisa ruzha rukuru.

Vatambi Vakakurumbira

Ravi Shankar acharamba ari iye asingaenzaniswi mutambi weSitar munhoroondo yemimhanzi yeIndia kwemazana emakore. Haana kungoita mukurumbira wechiridzwa pakati pevateereri vekuMadokero, asi zvakare akapfuudza hunyanzvi hwake kuvadzidzi vane tarenda. Kwenguva yakareba akanga ari shamwari negitare renhoroondo "The Beatles" George Harrison. Mune iyo album "Revolver" manzwi emhando yeiyi chiridzwa cheIndia anonzwika zvakajeka.

Ravi Shankar akapfuudza hunyanzvi hwekushandisa sitar kumwanasikana wake Annushka. Kubva pazera re9, akaziva nzira yekuridza chiridzwa, akaita zvechinyakare Indian ragas, uye pazera re17 akatoburitsa muunganidzwa wake wenziyo. Musikana anogara achiedza nemhando dzakasiyana. Saka mhedzisiro yekubatanidzwa kwemimhanzi yeIndia uye flamenco yaive album yake "Trelveller".

Mumwe weanonyanya kuzivikanwa sitarist muEurope ndiShima Mukherjee. Anogara uye anoshanda muEngland, anogara achipa makonzati akabatana nesaxophonist Courtney Pine. Pakati pemapoka emimhanzi anoshandisa sitar, boka re ethno-jazz "Mukta" rinomira zvakanaka. Mumarekodhi ese eboka, chiridzwa chetambo cheIndia chinoridzwa choga.

Vamwe vaimbi vakabva kunyika dzakasiyana vakabatsirawo mukusimudzira nekuwedzera kukurumbira kwemimhanzi yeIndia. Zvimiro zvezwi reSitar zvinoshandiswa mumabasa eJapan, Canadian, British bands.