Alexander Nikolaevich Kholminov (Alexander Kholminov) |

Alexander Kholminov

Basa raA. Kholminov rave richizivikanwa zvikuru munyika yedu uye kune dzimwe nyika. Uye izvi hazvishamisi, sezvo rimwe nerimwe remabasa ake, ingava rwiyo, opera, symphony, inokwezva munhu, inokonzera kunzwira tsitsi. Kutendeseka kwechirevo, kushamwaridzana kunoita kuti muteereri asaonekwe nekuoma kwemutauro wemimhanzi, iyo yakadzika nheyo iyo rwiyo rwekutanga rweRussia. “Muzviitiko zvose, mimhanzi inofanira kukunda mubasa racho,” anodaro munyori wacho. "Maitiro ehunyanzvi akakosha, hongu, asi ini ndinoda kufunga. Mufungo mutsva wemimhanzi ndiyo yakanyanya kushomeka, uye, mumaonero angu, iri mumhanzi yekutanga.

Kholminov akaberekerwa mumhuri inoshanda-kirasi. Makore ake ehudiki akabatana nenguva yakaoma, inopesana, asi kumukomana hupenyu hwakabva hwavhurika kudivi rayo rekugadzira, uye zvinonyanya kukosha, kufarira mumhanzi kwakatemwa kare. Nyota yezviridzwa zvemimhanzi yakagutswa neredhiyo, iyo yakaonekwa mumba mukutanga kwe30s, iyo yakatepfenyura mimhanzi yakawanda yekirasi, kunyanya Russian opera. Mumakore iwayo, nekuda kweredhiyo, yaionekwa sekonzati chaiyo, uye gare gare yakava chikamu chemutambo wemitambo waKholminov. Imwe fungidziro yakasimba yakaenzana yaive firimu rekurira uye, pamusoro pezvose, mufananidzo wakakurumbira Chapaev. Ndiani anoziva, zvichida, makore akawanda gare gare, chido chehuduku chakafuridzira munyori kune opera Chapaev (yakabva pamutsara wezita rimwechete naD. Furmanov uye screenplay yehama dzeVasiliev).

Muna 1934, makirasi akatanga pachikoro chemimhanzi munharaunda yeBaumansky yeMoscow. Chokwadi, ndaifanira kugara ndisina chiridzwa, sezvo pakanga pasina mari yokuchitenga. Vabereki havana kupindira nechido chemimhanzi, asi vakanga vakabatikana nekusava noudyire kwaiitwa nemunyori weramangwana mazviri, dzimwe nguva vachikanganwa nezvezvimwe zvose. Achiri asina ruzivo nezve nzira yekunyora, Sasha, ari mwana wechikoro, akanyora opera yake yekutanga, The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda, iyo yakarasika mumakore ehondo, uye kuti aigadzirise, akadzidza akazvimirira F. .Gevart's Guide to Instrumentation yakawira mumaoko ake netsaona.

Muna 1941, makirasi pachikoro akaguma. Kwenguva yakati Kholminov akashanda Military Academy. Frunze muchikamu chemimhanzi, muna 1943 akapinda muchikoro chemimhanzi paMoscow Conservatory, uye muna 1944 akapinda muchechi yekudzidzira mukirasi yeAn. Alexandrov, ipapo E. Golubeva. Kubudirira kwekugadzira kwemunyori kwakaenderera mberi nekukurumidza. Nziyo dzake dzakaramba dzichiitwa nekwaya yevadzidzi uye orchestra, uye preludes piyano uye "Cossack Song", iyo yakagamuchira mubairo wekutanga pamakwikwi eConservatory, yakanzwika paredhiyo.

Kholminov akapedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory muna 1950 nenhetembo ye symphonic "The Young Guard", akakurumidza kubvumirwa kuUnited of Composers, uye nokukurumidza kubudirira kukuru uye kuzivikanwa kwakauya kwaari. Muna 1955, akanyora "Rwiyo rwaLenin" (pachikamu cheYu. Kamenetsky), iyo D. Kabalevsky akati: "Mukuona kwangu, Kholminov akabudirira mubasa rekutanga reunyanzvi rakatsaurirwa kumufananidzo wemutungamiri." Kubudirira kwakatemerwa kutungamira kunotevera kwekugadzira - imwe neimwe mugadziri anogadzira nziyo. Asi kurota kwe opera kwaigara mumweya wake, uye, aramba nhamba yezvipo zvinoedza kubva kuMosfilm, munyori wacho akashanda kwemakore mashanu pane opera Optimistic Tragedy (yakabva pamutambo weVs. Vishnevsky), achiipedzisa muna 5. Kubva panguva iyoyo, Opera yakava inotungamira yemhando mubasa raKholminov. Kusvikira muna 1964, 1987 yavo yakasikwa, uye mune zvose munyori akatendeukira kune zvidzidzo zvenyika, achivatora kubva mumabasa evanyori veRussia neSoviet. “Ndinoda mabhuku echiRussia zvikuru nokuda kwetsika dzawo, kureba kwetsika, kugona kwounyanzvi, kufunga, nokudzika kwaro. Ndakaverenga mashoko aGogol ane uremu hwawo mugoridhe,” anodaro munyori wacho.

Mune opera, kubatana netsika dzechiRussian classical chikoro kunoteedzerwa zvakajeka. Vanhu veRussia panguva dzekuchinja munhoroondo yenyika ("Optimistic tragedy, Chapaev"), dambudziko rekuziva kweRussia kunorwadza kwehupenyu (B. Asafiev) kuburikidza nekuguma kwehupenyu hwevanhu kubva kune mumwe munhu, maonero epfungwa ("The Hama Karamazov naF. Dostoevsky; "The Overcoat" naN Gogol, "Vanka, Wedding" naA. Chekhov, "Twelfth Series" naV. Shukshin) - ndiyo inonyanya kukoshesa basa raKholminov. Uye muna 1987 akanyora opera "Steelworkers" (zvichibva pamutambo wezita rimwe chete naG. Bokarev). "Chido chehunyanzvi chakamuka kuyedza kuumba dingindira remazuva ano rekugadzira mumitambo yemitambo."

Chibereko chakanyanya kumabasa emunyori kwaive kubatana kwenguva refu neMoscow Chamber Musical Theatre uye mutungamiriri wayo wehunyanzvi B. Pokrovsky, iyo yakatanga muna 1975 nekugadzirwa kwemaopera maviri akavakirwa paGogol - "The Overcoat" uye "Carriage". Chiitiko chaKholminov chakagadziridzwa mubasa revamwe vanyori veSoviet uye chakakurudzira kufarira muimba yemitambo. "Kwandiri, Kholminov ari pedyo neni semunyori anonyora maopera ekamuri," anodaro Pokrovsky. “Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti anoanyora kwete kuodha, asi nekuraira kwemoyo wake. Nokudaro, zvichida, mabasa ayo aanopa kune yedu yemitambo anogara ari epakutanga. Mutungamiriri akanyatsocherechedza chinhu chikuru chechimiro chekugadzira chemunyori, uyo mutengi anogara ari mweya wake. “Ndinofanira kutenda kuti iri ndiro basa randinofanira kunyora zvino. Ndinoedza kusazvidzokorora, kuti ndirege kuzvidzokorora, pese pandinenge ndichitsvaga mamwe manzwi. Zvisinei, ndinoita izvi chete maererano nezvandinoda mukati. Pakutanga, paive nechishuvo chemitambo mikuru-yemhanzi frescoes, ipapo pfungwa yekamuri opera, iyo inobvumira munhu kuti apinde mukati memweya wemunhu, akafadzwa. Mukukura chete ndiye akanyora symphony yake yekutanga, paakanzwa kuti pakanga paine kudikanwa kusingadzivisiki kwekuzviratidza muchimiro chikuru chesymphonic. Gare gare akatendeukira kumhando ye quartet (paivewo nechido!)

Zvechokwadi, symphony uye chamber-instrumental mimhanzi, kuwedzera kumabasa ega ega, inoonekwa mubasa raKholminov mu7080s. Aya ndiwo 3 symphonies (Chekutanga - 1973; Chechipiri, yakatsaurirwa kuna baba vake - 1975; Chechitatu, mukuremekedza makore mazana matanhatu e "Battle of Kulikovo" - 600), "Greeting Overture" (1977), "Festive Poem" ( 1977), Concert- symphony yenyere uye tambo (1980), Concerto ye cello uye chamber choir (1978), 1980 tambo quartets (3, 1980, 1985) nevamwe. Kholminov ane mimhanzi yemafirimu, akati wandei ezwi uye symphonic mabasa, inoyevedza "Children's Album" yepiyano.

Kholminov haangogumiri pabasa rake chete. Anofarira mabhuku, kupenda, zvivakwa, anokwezva kutaurirana nevanhu vemabasa akasiyana-siyana. Muimbi ari mukutsvaga kwekusika nguva dzose, anoshanda nesimba uye nesimba pazvinyorwa zvitsva - pakupera kwa1988, Music for Strings uye Concerto grosso yechamber orchestra yakapedzwa. Anotenda kuti chete zuva nezuva basa rakasimba rekugadzira rinopa kurudziro yechokwadi, ichiunza mufaro wezviwanikwa zvehunyanzvi.

O. Averyanova