Fikret Amirov |

Fikret Amirov

Ndakaona chitubu. Akachena uye ari munyoro, achigunun’una nenzwi guru, akamhanya nomuminda yekwake. Nziyo dzaAmirov dzinofema kutsva uye kuchena. Ndakaona muti wendege. Midzi inokura yakadzika pasi, akakwira mudenga nekorona yake. Akin kune iyi muti wendege inyanzvi yeFikret Amirov, iyo yakasimuka chaizvo nekuda kwekuti yakatora midzi muvhu rayo. Nabi Hazri

Mimhanzi yeF. Amirov ine kukwezva kukuru uye kukwezva. Nhaka yekusika yemunyori yakakura uye ine mativi mazhinji, zvakabatana nemimhanzi yechivanhu yekuAzerbaijani uye tsika yenyika. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kufadza zvemutauro wemimhanzi waAmirov ndeye melodism: "Fikret Amirov ane chipo chakapfuma chemimhanzi," akanyora D. Shostakovich. "Melody ndiwo mweya webasa rake."

Chinhu chemimhanzi chevanhu chakakomberedza Amirov kubva paudiki. Akaberekerwa mumhuri yakakurumbira tarksta uye peztsakhanende (mugham mutambi) Mashadi Jamil Amirov. "Shusha, kwakabva baba vangu, inofungidzirwa zvakakodzera senzvimbo yeTranscaucasia," Amirov anoyeuka kudaro. “… Baba vangu ndivo vakaratidza kwandiri nyika yemanzwi uye chakavanzika chemughams. Kunyange ndichiri mudiki ndaishuvira kumutevedzera achiridza tara. Dzimwe nguva ndaizviita zvakanaka uye zvaiunza mufaro mukuru. Basa guru mukuumbwa kwehunhu hwemunyori weAmirov rakaridzwa nevavheneko vemimhanzi yeAzerbaijani - munyori U. Gadzhibekov uye muimbi Bul-Bul. Muna 1949, Amirov akapedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory, kwaakadzidza kunyora mukirasi yaB. Zeidman. Munguva yemakore ekudzidza paimba yekuchengetedza, munyori wechidiki akashanda mukirasi yemimhanzi yevanhu (NIKMUZ), achinyatsonzwisisa ngano uye hunyanzvi hwemugham. Panguva ino, kuzvipira kwakasimba kwemuimbi wechidiki kumitemo yekusika yeU. Gadzhibekov, muvambi weAzerbaijani nyanzvi yemimhanzi uye, kunyanya, opera yenyika, iri kuumbwa. "Ini ndinonzi mumwe wevatevedzeri vebasa raUzeyir Gadzhibekov, uye ndinodada nazvo," Amirov akanyora. Aya mazwi akasimbiswa nenhetembo "Kuzvitsaurira kuna Uzeyir Gadzhibekov" (yekubatana kweviolin uye cellos nepiyano, 1949). Pasi pesimba reOperettas yaGadzhibekov (pakati peiyo Arshin Mal Alan inonyanya kufarirwa), Amirov aive nepfungwa yekunyora yake mumhanzi komedhi The Thieves of Hearts (yakatumirwa muna 1943). Basa racho rakaenderera mberi richitungamirirwa naU. Gadzhibekov. Akabatsirawo mukugadzirwa kwebasa iri muState Theater of Musical Comedy, iyo yakavhurwa mumakore iwayo akaoma ehondo. Nenguva isipi Amirov anonyora yechipiri mimhanzi comedy - Good News (yakatumirwa muna 1946). Munguva iyi, opera "Uldiz" ("Star", 1948), iyo symphonic nhetembo "Muchiyeuchidzo cheMagamba eGreat Patriotic War" (1943), iyo kaviri Concerto yeviolin uye piyano uye orchestra (1946) . Muna 1947, munyori akanyora Nizami symphony, yekutanga symphony yetambo orchestra mumimhanzi yeAzerbaijani. Uye pakupedzisira, muna 1948, Amirov akasika symphonic mughams yake yakakurumbira "Shur" uye "Kurd-ovshary", inomiririra rudzi rutsva, iro guru riri kubatanidzwa kwetsika dzeAzerbaijani vaimbi-khanende nemitemo yeEuropean symphonic music. .

"Kusikwa kweiyo symphonic mughams "Shur" uye "Kurd-ovshary" idanho raBul-Bul," akadaro Amirov, Bul-Bul aive "wakavanzika wepedyo, chipangamazano uye mubatsiri wemabasa andanyora kusvika zvino." Maumbirwo ese ari maviri anoumba diptych, kuzvimiririra uye panguva imwe chete yakabatana kune imwe neimwe ne modal uye yekutaura hukama, kuvapo kwe melodic kubatana uye imwechete leitmotif. Basa guru mu diptych nderomugham Shur. Mabasa ese ari maviri akava chiitiko chakakosha muhupenyu hwemimhanzi hweAzerbaijan. Vakagamuchira kuzivikanwa kwenyika yose zvechokwadi uye vakavaka hwaro hwekubuda kwemaqom esymphonic muTajikistan neUzbekistan.

Amirov akazviratidza kuva muvambi mu opera Sevil (post. 1953), yakanyorwa zvichibva pamutambo wezita rimwechete naJ. Jabarly, yekutanga yenyika lyric-psychological opera. "Mutambo waJ. Jabarly wandinoziva kubva kuchikoro," Amirov akanyora. "Mukutanga 30s, mudhorobha dhirama yeGanj, ndaifanira kutamba semwanakomana waSevil, Gunduz mudiki. ... Ndakaedza kuchengetedza mu opera yangu pfungwa huru yemutambo - pfungwa yekurwira kwemukadzi wekuMabvazuva nekuda kwekodzero dzake dzevanhu, nzira dzekurwisana kwetsika itsva yeproletarian nema bourgeois bourgeoisie. Mukati mekushanda pakuumbwa, pfungwa yekufanana pakati pevatambi vemagamba emutambo naJ. Jabarly naTchaikovsky's operas havana kundisiya. Sevil naTatiana, Balash naHerman vaive pedyo muimba yavo yekuchengetera zvinhu. Nyanduri wenyika yeAzerbaijan Samad Vurgun akatambira neushamwari kutaridzika kwe opera: "…" Seville "yakapfuma munziyo dzinonakidza dzakatorwa kubva mudura risingaperi remugham art uye rakadzokororwa zvine hunyanzvi mune opera."

Nzvimbo inokosha mubasa raAmirov mu50-60s. inotorwa nemabasa eiyo symphony orchestra: iyo inopenya ine mavara suite "Azerbaijan" (1950), "Azerbaijan Capriccio" (1961), "Symphonic Dances" (1963), yakazara nemimhanzi yenyika. Mutsara we symphonic mughams "Shur" uye "Kurd-ovshary" mushure memakore makumi maviri inoenderera mberi naAmirov wechitatu symphonic mugham - "Gulustan Bayaty-shiraz" (20), akafemerwa nenhetembo yevanyori vaviri vakuru vekuMabvazuva - Hafiz uye Behind. . Muna 1968, munyori akaita shanduro yechipiri ye symphony yetambo orchestra "Nizami". (Nhetembo yemudetembi mukuru weAzerbaijani uye mufungidziri akazomufuridzira kuti agadzire ballet "Nizami".) Pachiitiko chemakore 1964 emumwe mudetembi akakurumbira weAzerbaijan, Nasimi, Amirov anonyora nhetembo yechoreographic ye symphony orchestra, kwaya yevakadzi, tenor, reciters uye ballet troupe "The Legend of Nasimi", uye gare gare anoita shanduro yeorchestra yeiyi ballet.

Nhepfenyuro itsva mubasa raAmirov yakanga iri bhareti "Chiuru neNusiku Humwe" (chinyorwa. 1979) - chinyorwa chemavara chine mavara, sekunge chinopenya mashiripiti engano dzechiArab. "Pakukokwa kweBazi reKutsika kweIraq, ndakashanyira nyika ino naN. Nazarova" (choreographer-director we ballet. - NA). Ndakaedza kupinda zvakadzika mutsika yemimhanzi yevanhu vechiArabhu, plastiki yayo, kunaka kwemitambo yemimhanzi, yakadzidza zviyeuchidzo zvezvakaitika kare uye zvekuvaka. Ndanga ndakatarisana nebasa rekubatanidza nyika uye yepasirese ... "akanyora Amirov. Chibodzwa cheballet chine mavara akajeka, zvichibva pakutamba kwetimbres kutevedzera kurira kwezviridzwa zvevanhu. Ngoma dzinoita basa rinokosha mairi, dzinotakura mutoro wakakosha we semantic. Amirov anosuma mumwe ruvara rwetimbre muchikamu - izwi (soprano) kuimba dingindira rerudo uye kuva chiratidzo chetsika yetsika.

Amirov, pamwe chete nekunyora, aishingaira kuita zvemimhanzi uye zvemagariro. Aive munyori wemabhodhi eMubatanidzwa weVanyori veUSSR uye Union of Composers yeAzerbaijan, mutungamiriri wezvenyanzvi weAzerbaijan State Philharmonic Society (1947), mutungamiriri weAzerbaijan Academic Opera uye Ballet Theatre yakatumidzwa zita rake. MF Akhundova (1956-59). "Ndagara ndichirota uye ndichiri kurota kuti mimhanzi yeAzerbaijani ichanzwika kumativi ose epasi ... Mushure mezvose, vanhu vanozvitonga pachavo nemimhanzi yevanhu! Uye kana zvishoma ndikakwanisa kuzadzisa chiroto changu, chiroto chehupenyu hwangu hwese, saka ndinofara, "Fikret Amirov akataura hunyanzvi hwake hwekusika.

N. Aleksenko