Arthur Honegger |

Arthur Honegger

Honegger inyanzvi huru, mumwe wevanyori vashoma vemazuva ano vane pfungwa yehukuru. E. Jourdan-Morange

Muimbi akatanhamara wechiFrench A. Honegger ndomumwe wevanyori vanofambira mberi munguva yedu. Hupenyu hwese hwemuimbi uyu uye mufungi aigoneka hwaive sevhisi kune hunyanzvi hwake hwaaida. Akamupa mano ake akasiyana-siyana uye simba kwaari kwemakore anoda kusvika 40. Kutanga kwebasa remunyori kunosvika kumakore eHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, mabasa ekupedzisira akanyorwa muna 1952-53. Peru Honegger ane anopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu enziyo, pamwe nezvimwe zvakawanda zvinonetsa pane dzakasiyana nyaya dzinopisa dzemazuva ano emimhanzi art.

Aibva kuLe Havre, Honegger akapedza nguva yakawanda yehuduku hwake muSwitzerland, nyika yevabereki vake. Akadzidza mimhanzi kubva paudiki, asi kwete zvakarongeka, kungave muZurich kana muLe Havre. Nemwoyo wose, akatanga kudzidza kuumba pazera remakore 18 paParis Conservatory naA. Gedalzh (mudzidzisi waM. Ravel). Pano, munyori weramangwana akasangana naD. Milhaud, uyo, maererano naHonegger, ane simba guru paari, akabatsira pakuumbwa kwekuda kwake uye kufarira mumhanzi wemazuva ano.

Nzira yekugadzira yemunyori yakanga yakaoma. Mukutanga 20s. akapinda muboka rekusika revaimbi, iro vatsoropodzi vakadana "French Six" (maererano nenhamba yenhengo dzayo). Kugara kwaHonegger munharaunda iyi kwakapa simba rakakosha kuratidziro yekupokana kwemafungiro nehunyanzvi mubasa rake. Akabhadhara mutero unozivikanwa kune constructivism mune yake orchestral chidimbu Pacific 231 (1923). Kuita kwayo kwekutanga kwakaperekedzwa nekubudirira kunofadza, uye basa racho rakawana mukurumbira une ruzha pakati pevanoda marudzi ese ezvigadzirwa zvitsva. "Pakutanga ndakadaidza chidimbu ichi Symphonic Movement," Honegger anonyora. “Asi… pandakapedza zvibodzwa, ndakachipa zita rekuti Pacific 231. Ndirwo rudzi rwezvitima zvinorema izvo zvinofanirwa kutungamira zvitima zvinorema” … Shungu dzaHonegger dzeurbanism uye constructivism dzinoratidzwawo mune mamwe mabasa enguva ino: mumufananidzo unoteedzana “ Rugby" uye mu "Symphonic Movement No. 3".

Zvisinei, pasinei nezvisungo zvekugadzira ne "Six", munyori akagara achisiyaniswa nekuzvimirira kwekufunga kweunyanzvi, izvo zvakazogadzirisa mutsara mukuru wekuvandudza kwebasa rake. Atova pakati pe-20s. Honegger akatanga kugadzira mabasa ake akanakisa, ane hunhu uye demokrasi. Chimiro chakakosha chaive oratorio "Mambo David". Akavhura ketani refu yeizwi rake guru uye orchestral frescoes "Calls of the World", "Judith", "Antigone", "Joan weArc padanda", "Dance of the Dead". Mumabasa aya, Honegger anozvimiririra uye ega anoramba maitiro akasiyana-siyana muunyanzvi hwenguva yake, anoyedza kubatanidza hunhu hwepamusoro hunokosha husingagumi pasi rose. Nokudaro kukwezva kune madingindira ekare, ebhaibheri uye ekare.

Mabasa akanakisa aHonegger akapfuura matanho makuru epasirese, achikwezva vateereri nekupenya kwemanzwiro uye kutsva kwemutauro wemimhanzi. Muimbi wacho pachake akashingaira kuita kondakita wemabasa ake munyika dzinoverengeka muEurope neAmerica. Muna 1928 akashanyira Leningrad. Pano, hukama hushamwari uye hwekugadzira hwakasimbiswa pakati peHonegger neSoviet vaimbi, uye kunyanya naD. Shostakovich.

Mubasa rake, Honegger akanga asingatarisiri chete zvirongwa zvitsva nemhando, asiwo kumuteereri mutsva. "Mimhanzi inofanira kuchinja veruzhinji uye kufadza ruzhinji," akadaro munyori wacho. "Asi nekuda kweizvi, anofanirwa kuchinja hunhu hwake, kuve akapusa, asina kuoma uye mumhando huru. Vanhu havana hanya nenyanzvi yevanyori uye kutsvaga. Iyi ndiyo mhando yemimhanzi yandakaedza kupa mu "Jeanne padanda". Ndakaedza kuva anowanika kumuteereriwo zvake uye kunakidza kumuimbi wacho.”

Zvishuvo zvedemocracy zvemunyori zvakaonekwa mubasa rake mumhanzi uye kushandiswa kwemhando. Anonyora zvakawanda zvemabhaisikopo, redhiyo, drama theatre. Ave muna 1935 nhengo yeFrench People's Music Federation, Honegger, pamwe chete nevamwe vaimbi vanofambira mberi, vakabatana nemapoka evanopesana nefascist Popular Front. Mumakore aya, akanyora nziyo dzevazhinji, dzakagadziridzwa nziyo dzechivanhu, dzakabatanidzwa mukurongeka kwemimhanzi yemitambo nenzira yemitambo yakawanda yeGreat French Revolution. Kuenderera mberi kwakakodzera kwebasa raHonegger raive basa rake mumakore anosiririsa ekutora fascist kweFrance. Nhengo yebato rekupokana, akabva agadzira akati wandei ezvinyorwa zvekuda nyika. Iyi ndiyo yechipiri Symphony, Nziyo dzeRusununguko uye mimhanzi yeredhiyo show Beats of the World. Pamwe chete nekusika kwezwi uye oratorio, ake mashanu symphonies zvakare ndeezvakakwirira zvakabudirira zvemunyori. Dzokupedzisira dzadzo dzakanyorwa pasi pechiratidzo chakananga chezviitiko zvinosuruvarisa zvehondo. Vachitaura nezvematambudziko ekupisa enguva yedu, ivo vakave mupiro wakakura mukuvandudza kweiyo symphonic genre yezana ramakore rechi 5.

Honegger akaburitsa hunyanzvi hwake hwekusika kwete chete mukugadzira mimhanzi, asiwo mumabhuku ekunyora: akanyora 3 mabhuku emimhanzi uye asiri ekunyepedzera. Nemisoro yakasiyana-siyana yakasiyana-siyana munhaka inokosha yemunyori, matambudziko emimhanzi yemazuva ano uye kukosha kwayo mumagariro anotora nzvimbo yepamusoro. Mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, munyori akagamuchirwa pasi rose, aive chiremba anoremekedzwa weYunivhesiti yeZurich, uye akatungamira akati wandei epasirese masangano emimhanzi.

I. Vetlitsyna

Zvinyorwa:

opareta - Judith (mutambo webhaibheri, 1925, 2nd ed., 1936), Antigone (lyric tragedy, lib. J. Cocteau mushure meSophocles, 1927, tr “De la Monnaie”, Brussels), Eaglet (L'aiglon , pamwe chete naG. Iber, yakavakirwa pamutambo waE. Rostand, 1935, wakatangwa muna 1937, Monte Carlo), ballet – Chokwadi manyepo (Vèritè – mensonge, puppet ballet, 1920, Paris), Skating-Ring (Skating-Rink, Swedish roller ballet, 1921, post. 1922, Champs Elysees Theatre, Paris), Fantasy (Phantasie, ballet- sketch , 1922), Under Water (Sous-marine, 1924, post. 1925, Opera Comic, Paris), Metal Rose (Rose de mètal, 1928, Paris), Cupid uye Psyche's Wedding (Les noces d 'Amour et Psychè, pa themes of “French Suites” by Bach, 1930, Paris), Semiramide (ballet-melodrama, 1931, post. 1933, Grand Opera, Paris), Icarus (1935, Paris), The White Bird Has Flew ( Un oiseau blanc s' est envolè, ​​​​yemutambo wendege, 1937, Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, Paris), Rwiyo rweNziyo (Le cantique des cantiques, 1938, Grand Opera, Paris), Kuberekwa Kwemavara (La naissance des couleurs, 1940, ibid.), The Call of the Mountains (L'appel de la montagne, 1943, post. 1945, ibid.), Shota Rustaveli (pamwe chete naA. Tcherepnin, T. Harshanyi, 1945, Monte Carlo), Man in a Leopard Ganda (L'homme a la peau de leopard, 1946); operetta - The Adventures of King Pozol (Les aventures du roi Pausole, 1930, tr "Buff-Parisien", Paris), Runako kubva kuMoudon (La belle de Moudon, 1931, tr "Jora", Mézières), Mucheche Kadhinari (Les petites Cardinal , naJ. Hibert, 1937, Bouffe-Parisien, Paris); stage oratorios - Mambo David (Le roi David, zvichibva pamutambo naR. Moraks, 1st edition - Symphonic Psalm, 1921, tr "Zhora", Mezieres; 2nd edition - dramatic oratorio, 1923; 3rd edition - opera -oratorio, 1924, Paris ), Amphion (melodrama, 1929, post. 1931, Grand Opera, Paris), oratorio Cries of Peace (Cris du monde, 1931), dramatic oratorio Joan weArc padanda (Jeanne d' Arc au bucher, chinyorwa naP. Claudel, 1935, Spanish 1938, Basel), oratorio Dance of the Dead (La danse des morts, text by Claudel, 1938), dramatic legend Nicolas de Flue (1939, post. 1941, Neuchâtel ), Christmas Cantata (Une cantate de Noel , mumagwaro edzidziso nedzevanhu, 1953); yeorchestra - 5 symphonies (kutanga, 1930; chechipiri, 1941; Liturgical, Liturgique, 1946; Basel mafaro, Deliciae Basilienses, 1946, symphony yevatatu res, Di tre re, 1950), Prelude kumutambo "Aglavena" Maleliseckel Selinset pour ” Aglavaine et Sèlysette”, 1917), Rwiyo rweNigamon (Le chant de Nigamon, 1917), Ngano yeMitambo Yepasirese (Le dit des jeux du monde, 1918), Suite Summer Pastoral (Pastorale d'ètè , 1920), Mimic Symphony Horace- mukundi (Horace victorieux, 1921), Rwiyo rweMufaro (Chant de joie, 1923), Prelude to Shakespeare's The Tempest (Prèlude pour “La tempete”, 1923), Pacific 231 (Pacific 231, 1923 ), Rugby (Rugby, 1928) , Symphonic movement No 3 (Mouvement symphonique No3, 1933), Suite kubva kumumhanzi wefirimu “Les Misérables” (“Les misèrables”, 1934), Nocturne (1936), Serenade Angélique (Sèrélique) pour Angèlique, 1945), Suite archaique (Suite archaique , 1951), Monopartita (Monopartita, 1951); makonzati neorchestra - concertino yepiyano (1924), yeVolch. (1929), chamber concerto yenyere, Chirungu. nyanga netambo. orc. (1948); chamber instrumental ensembles - 2 sonatas ye Skr. uye fp. (1918, 1919), sonata yeviola nepiyano. (1920), sonata yevlc. uye fp. (1920), sonatina ye2 Skr. (1920), sonatina ye clarinet uye piano. (1922), sonatina ye Skr. uye VC. (1932), 3 tambo. quartet (1917, 1935, 1937), Rhapsody ye2 nyere, clarinet uye piano. (1917), Anthem yetambo gumi (10), 1920 counterpoints yepiccolo, oboe, skr. uye VC. (3), Prelude uye Blues yembira quartet (1922); zvepiyano - Scherzo, Humoresque, Adagio expressivo (1910), Toccata uye Variations (1916), 3 zvidimbu (Prelude, Dedication to Ravel, Hommage a Ravel, Dance, 1919), 7 zvidimbu (1920), Sarabande kubva pane album "Six" ( 1920) , Swiss Notebook (Cahier Romand, 1923), Dedication to Roussel (Hommage a A. Rousell, 1928), Suite (ye2 fp., 1928), Prelude, arioso uye fughetta pane BACH theme (1932), Partita ( ye2 fp., 1940), 2 mifananidzo (1943), Memories of Chopin (Souvenir de Chopm, 1947); ye solo violin — sonata (1940); kunhengo - fugue uye chorale (1917), yenyere - Dhanzi rembudzi (Danse de la chevre, 1919); dzerudo nenziyo, kusanganisira pane inotevera G. Apollinaire, P. Verlaine, F. Jammes, J. Cocteau, P. Claudel, J. Laforgue, R. Ronsard, A. Fontaine, A. Chobanian, P. Faure nevamwe; mimhanzi yemitambo yemitambo yemitambo - Iyo Ngano yeMitambo yeNyika (P. Meralya, 1918), Dhanzi reRufu (C. Larronda, 1919), Vachangoroora paEiffel Tower (Cocteau, 1921), Saul (A. Zhida, 1922), Antigone ( Sophocles – Cocteau, 1922) , Lilyuli (R. Rolland, 1923), Phaedra (G. D'Annunzio, 1926), Chikunguru 14 (R. Rolland; pamwe chete nevamwe vanyori, 1936), Silk slipper (Claudel, 1943), Karl the Bold (R Morax, 1944), Prometheus (Aeschylus – A. Bonnard, 1944), Hamlet (Shakespeare – Gide, 1946), Oedipus (Sophocles – A. Both, 1947), State of Siege (A. Camus, 1948) ), Norudo kwete vanoseka (A. Musset, 1951), Oedipus the King (Sophocles – T. Molniera, 1952); mimhanzi yeredhiyo - shamhu gumi nembiri pakati pehusiku (Les 12 coups de minuit, C. Larronda, radiomystery for choir and orc., 12), Radio panorama (1933), Christopher Columbus (V. Age, radio oratorio, 1935), Beatings of the world ( Battements du monde, Age, 1940), The Golden Head (Tete d'or, Claudel, 1944), St. Francis weAssisi (Zera, 1948), Ruregerero rwaFrançois Villon (J. Bruire, 1949); mimhanzi yemafirimu (35), kusanganisira “Mhosva uye Kuranga” (maererano neFM Dostoevsky), “Les Misérables” (maererano naV. Hugo), “Pygmalion” (maererano naB. Shaw), “Kupambwa” (maererano naSh. F. Ramyu), "Captain Fracas" (maererano naT. Gauthier), "Napoleon", "Ndege pamusoro peAtlantic".

Literary works: Incantation aux fossiles, Lausanne (1948); Je suis compositeur, (P., 1951) (shanduro yechiRussian - ndiri munyori, L., 1963); Nachklang. Schriften, Mifananidzo. Gwaro, Z., (1957).

References: Shneerson GM, mimhanzi yechiFrench yezana remakore reXX, M., 1964, 1970; Yarustovsky B., Symphony pamusoro pehondo norugare, M., 1966; Rappoport L., Arthur Honegger, L., 1967; her, Zvimwe Zvimiro zveA. Honegger's Harmony, muSat: Problems of Mode, M., 1972; Drumeva K., Dramatic oratorio naA. Honegger "Joan weArc padanda", muunganidzwa: Kubva munhoroondo yemimhanzi yekunze, M., 1971; Sysoeva E., Mimwe mibvunzo yeA. Honegger's symphonism, muunganidzwa: Kubva munhoroondo yemimhanzi yekunze, M., 1971; yake pachake, A. Onegger's Symphonies, M., 1975; Pavchinsky S, Symphonic works of A. Onegger, M., 1972; George A., A. Honegger, P., 1926; Gerard C, A. Honegger, (Brux., 1945); Bruyr J., Honegger et son oeuvre, P., (1947); Delannoy M., Honegger, P., (1953); Tappolet W., A. Honegger, Z., (1954), id. (Neucntel, 1957); Jourdan-Morhange H., Mes amis musiciens, P., 1955 Guilbert J., A. Honegger, P., (1966); Dumesnil R., Histoire de la musique, t. 1959- La première moitiè du XX-e sícle, P., 5 (shanduro yeRussian zvidimbu - Dumesnil R., Vanyori vemazuva ano veFrench veboka reMatanhatu, ed. uye chinyorwa chekutanga M. Druskina, L., 1960); Peschotte J., A. Honegger. L'homme et son oeuvre, P., 1964.