Alexander Lvovich Gurilyov |

Alexander Gurilyov

A. Gurilev akapinda munhoroondo yemimhanzi yeRussia semunyori werudo runoshamisa rwenziyo. Akanga ari mwanakomana weaimbove nemukurumbira munyori L. Gurilev, muimbi weSerf Count V. Orlov. Baba vangu vaitungamira serf orchestra yekuverenga munzvimbo yavo yeOtrada pedyo neMoscow, uye vaidzidzisa kuzvikoro zvevakadzi muMoscow. Akasiya nhaka yemimhanzi yakasimba: nziyo dzepianoforte, iyo yakaita basa rakakosha muRussia piyano art, uye nziyo dzinoyera dzekwaya cappella.

Alexander Lvovich akaberekerwa muMoscow. Kubva pazera remakore matanhatu, akatanga kudzidza mimhanzi achitungamirirwa nababa vake. Zvadaro akadzidza nevadzidzisi vakanakisisa veMoscow - J. Field uye I. Genishta, uyo akadzidzisa piano uye dzidziso yemimhanzi mumhuri yeOrlov. Kubva paudiki, Gurilev airidza violin uye viola muokestra yekuverenga, uye akazova nhengo yequartet yemumhanzi akakurumbira anoda, Prince N. Golitsyn. Hudiki uye hudiki hwemunyori weramangwana akapfuura mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ehupenyu hwemanor serf. Muna 1831, mushure mekufa kwekuverenga, mhuri yeGurilev yakagamuchira rusununguko uye, yakapiwa kukirasi yemhizha-petty-bourgeois, vakagara muMoscow.

Kubva panguva iyoyo, basa rakasimba rekunyora raA. Gurilev rakatanga, iro rakasanganiswa nemitambo mumakonzati uye basa guru rekudzidzisa. Nenguva isipi nziyo dzake - kunyanya dzenzwi - dzinova dzakakurumbira pakati pezvikamu zvakakura zvehuwandu hwemaguta. Mazhinji erudo rwake chairwo "enda kuvanhu", kwete chete nevakawanda vanoita zvemitambo, asiwo nemakwaya echigypsy. Gurilev ari kuwana mukurumbira semudzidzisi wepiyano ane mukurumbira. Zvisinei, mukurumbira hauna kuponesa munyori kubva kune hutsinye hunodiwa hwakamudzvinyirira muupenyu hwake hwose. Mukutsvaga mihoro, akamanikidzwa kuita kunyange mimhanzi kuverenga. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ehupenyu akaputsa muimbi uye akamutungamirira kuchirwere chepfungwa chakakomba.

Nhaka yaGurilev semunyori inosanganisira dzakawanda dzerudo, kurongeka kwenziyo dzechiRussian nziyo uye zvidimbu zvepiyano. Panguva imwecheteyo, nziyo dzezwi ndiyo nzvimbo huru yekusika. Nhamba chaiyo yazvo haizivikanwi, asi 90 chete yerudo uye 47 yakagadziridzwa yakabudiswa, iyo yakaumba muunganidzwa we "Selected Folk Songs", yakabudiswa muna 1849. Muimbi ainyanya kufarirwa nemhando dzezwi dzaive dzerudo rwe elegiac uyezve rudo rwakakurumbira mumhando ye "Russian rwiyo". Musiyano uripo pakati pavo unoenderana zvakanyanya, sezvo nziyo dzaGurilev, kunyangwe dzakabatana zvakanyanya netsika dzechivanhu, dziri padyo nerudo rwake maererano nemhando yehunhu uye chimiro chavo chemimhanzi. Uye mutinhimira werudo chairwo uzere nerwiyo rwechiRussia chete. Marudzi ese ari maviri anotongwa nemhando dzerudo rusina kutenderwa kana kurasika, kushuvira kusurukirwa, kuyedza kufara, zvinosuruvarisa fungidziro pachikamu chevakadzi.

Pamwe chete nerwiyo rwevanhu, rwakapararira munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemaguta, basa remunguva yake anoshamisa uye shamwari, munyori A. Varlamov, ane simba guru pakuumbwa kwezwi raGurilev. Mazita evanyori ava ave kwenguva refu akabatanidzwa munhoroondo yemimhanzi yeRussia sevasiki veRussia zuva nezuva rudo. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinyorwa zveGurilev zvine maitiro avo chaiwo. Vanosiyaniswa nekunaka kukuru, kufungisisa kunosuwisa, uye hukama hwepedyo hwekutaura. Mamiriro ekusuwa kusina tariro, chido chekuda mufaro, icho chinosiyanisa basa raGurilev, chaienderana nemafungiro evanhu vakawanda ve30s uye 40s. zana remakore rapfuura. Mumwe wavo zvikuru tarenda exponents akanga Lermontov. Uye hazvina kuitika kuti Gurilev aiva mumwe wevaturikiri vekutanga uye vanonyanya kunzwisiswa nhetembo dzake. Kusvikira nhasi, Lermontov's romances naGurilev "Zvose zvinofinha uye zvinosuruvarisa", "Kururamisa" ( "Kana pane ndangariro chete"), "Munguva yakaoma yehupenyu" havana kurasikirwa nekukosha kwavo. Zvinokosha kuti mabasa aya akasiyana nemamwe mune anonyanya kunzwisa tsitsi ariose-recitative style, hunyengeri hwepiyano kuratidzwa uye kusvika kune rudzi rwerwiyo-rinoshamisa monologue, mune zvakawanda zvinodzokorora kutsvaga kwaA. Dargomyzhsky.

Kuverenga kwakadhirowa kwenhetembo dzenziyo-dzegiya kunonyanya kuratidza hunhu hwaGurilev, munyori werudo rwaaida kusvika panguva ino "Kuparadzana", "Ring" (pachiteshi cheA. Koltsov), "Iwe musikana murombo" (pachiteshi chaI. Aksakov), "ndakataura pakuparadzana ”(pamusoro pechinyorwa chaA. Fet), etc. Kazhinji, matauriro ake ari padyo neanonzi “Russian bel canto”, umo hwaro hwekutaura kuri rwiyo rwunochinjika, runova organic fusion. yeRussia kunyora nziyo uye Italian cantilena.

Nzvimbo huru mubasa raGurilev zvakare inogarwa nemaitiro ekutaura ari mukuita maitiro evaimbi vechigypsy vaizivikanwa zvakanyanya panguva iyoyo. Zvinonyanya kutaurwa munziyo “dzeushingi, dzakashinga” mumweya wekutamba kwechivanhu, senge “Rwiyo rwaMurairidzi” uye “Ndichachema”. Zvizhinji zverudo rwaGurilev zvakanyorwa murwiyo rwewaltz, rwakanga rwakapararira muhupenyu hwemaguta panguva iyoyo. Panguva imwecheteyo, kufamba kwakatsetseka kwezvikamu zvitatu zvewaltz kunopindirana nemamita eRussia chaiwo, anonzi. shanu-syllable, yakajairika kune nhetembo mumhando ye "Russian rwiyo". Idzi ndidzo dzerudo "Kusuwa kweMusikana", "Usaite ruzha, rye", "Tiny house", "Blue-winged swallow iri mhepo", yakakurumbira "Bell" nevamwe.

Basa repiyano raGurilev rinosanganisira madiki ekutamba uye akasiyana siyana anotenderera. Izvo zvekare zvimedu zviri nyore zvekugadzira mimhanzi yeamateur mumhando yewaltz, mazurka, polka uye mamwe madhanzi anozivikanwa. Kusiyana kwaGurilev idanho rinokosha mukukura kwepiyano yeRussia. Pakati pavo, pamwe chete nezvidimbu pamisoro yenziyo dzechiRussia dzemhando yekudzidzisa uye yekudzidzisa, pane zvinoshamisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekonti pamisoro yevanyori veRussia - A. Alyabyev, A. Varlamov naM. Glinka. Aya mabasa, ayo akasiyana pane dingindira re tercet kubva ku opera "Ivan Susanin" ("Usaora mwoyo, mudiwa") uye padingindira rerudo rwaVarlamov "Usamumutse Pamambakwedza", akanyanya mukurumbira. kuswedera kumhando yerudo ye virtuoso-concert transcription. Vanosiyaniswa netsika yepamusoro yepiyano, iyo inobvumira vatsvakurudzi vemazuva ano kuti vafunge nezveGurilev "tenzi anoshamisa maererano netarenda, akakwanisa kudarika unyanzvi uye mazamu eChikoro cheMunda chakamurera."

Hunhu hwemhando yezwi raGurilev hwakazodzokororwa nenzira dzakasiyana mubasa revanyori vakawanda veRussian daily romance - P. Bulakhov, A. Dubuc nevamwe. kushandiswa kwakanatswa mukamuri art yevakakurumbira lyricists vekuRussia uye, chekutanga, P. Tchaikovsky.

T. Korzhenyants