Chidzidzo 2

Dzidziso yemimhanzi haigoneki pasina kunyorwa kwemimhanzi. Wakatoona izvi pawakadzidza matanho echiyero muchidzidzo chekutanga. Iwe unotoziva kuti matanho makuru echiyero anopiwa mazita akafanana nezvinyorwa, uye iwe unonzwisisa kuti chii chinotsika pasi, kureva manotsi.

Izvi zvakakwana kuti utange kudzidza mimhanzi notation kubva mukutanga. Kana mimhanzi inoteedzera iwe yakajairika kwauri, ramba uchidzokorora chidzidzo kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti hapana chawapotsa pawakadzidza mimhanzi notation kare.

Izvi zvinodikanwa kuitira kuti mune ramangwana iwe ugone kuongorora wakazvimirira zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa padanda, uye kufamba mumatabo uye chords kana ukasangana nekurekodhwa kwerwiyo kana tablature.

Ziva kuti mazhinji emasaiti emimhanzi emazuva ano anowanzo kupa gitare chaizvo chords kana tablature (tabs) yerwiyo, pane zvechinyakare notation pavashandi vemimhanzi. Kune vaimbi vekutanga, iwe unofanirwa kujekesa kuti chords nematabo akafanana manotsi, akanyorwa chete mune imwe fomu, kureva mune imwe mhando yemimhanzi notation, saka kudzidza manotsi ndiko kunofanirwa. Kazhinji, ngatitangei!

Ndiani akagadzira zvinyorwa

Ngatitangei nekutsauka kwenhoroondo kudiki. Zvinotendwa kuti munhu wekutanga akauya nepfungwa yeu11buXNUMXbyekugadzira nzvimbo ine zviratidzo aive Florentine monk uye munyori Guido d'Arezzo. Izvi zvakaitika muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Guido akadzidzisa vaimbi veimba yemamongi nziyo dzakasiyana-siyana dzechechi, uye kuti awane ruzha runotsinhirana rwekwaya, akaronga masaini airatidza manzwi enzwi.

Aya aiva masikweya aiva pamitsetse mina yakabatana. Kana ruzha rwaida kuitwa rwakakwirira, ndipo paibva paita nzvimbo yakakwirira. Paingova nemanotsi matanhatu chete muzvinyorwa zvake, uye vakawana mazita avo kubva muzvinyorwa zvekutanga zvemitsara yeRwiyo rwunoimba Johane Mubhabhatidzi: Ut, Resonare, Mira, Famuli, Solve, Labii. Zviri nyore kuona kuti mashanu acho - "re", "mi", "fa", "sol", "la" - achiri kushandiswa nhasi. Nenzira, mimhanzi yerwiyo yakanyorwa naGuido d'Arezzo pachake.

Gare gare, chinyorwa "si" chakawedzerwa kumutsara wemimhanzi, mutsara wechishanu, treble uye bass clefs, njodzi, dzatichadzidza nhasi, dzakawedzerwa kune vashandi vemimhanzi. MuMiddle Ages, pakazvarwa tsamba kunyorwa, yaive tsika kutanga chikero nenoti "la", iyo yakapihwa zita iri muchimiro chebhii rekutanga rearufabheti yechiLatin A. Naizvozvo, chinyorwa "si" kuitevera yakawana vara rechipiri rearufabheti B.

Kunzwisisa kwemazuva ano kwechiyero uye nhanho dzayo huru dzakagadzirwa muzana remakore rechi17, uye inzwi, rinoenderana nekukwirira kweB-flat, kwenguva yakareba raionekwa sechinhu chinokosha chegadziriro yemimhanzi, kureva kuti haisi pasi kana yakakwirira. Nhasi, iyo notation system iri muchimiro cheC, D, E, F, G, A, B inoonekwa seyakagamuchirwa kazhinji. Kunyangwe kudanwa kwechinyorwa "si" muchimiro cheH kunogona kuwanikwa zvakare. Isu takatotanga uye tichaenderera mberi nekudzidza masisitimu ezvinyorwa uye notation yezvinyorwa padanda, zvakagamuchirwa munyika yemazuva ano yemimhanzi.

Mood kwete pane notnom stane

Unotoziva kuti noti ruzha rwemumhanzi. Manotsi anosiyana muchimiro chenzwi, uye chinyorwa chimwe nechimwe chine chirevo chayo. Iwe zvakare watonzwisisa kuti tsvimbo ndeye 5 mitsetse yakafanana pane iyo manotsi aripo. Noti imwe neimwe ine nzvimbo yayo. Chaizvoizvo, iyi ndiyo nzira yaungaziva nayo manotsi nekutarisa notation mumatanda. Zvino ngatisanganise ruzivo urwu uye tione kuti danda rakaita sei nezvinyorwa nenzira yakajairika (usatarise zvidhori kuruboshwe parizvino):

tsvimbo (aka staff) - iyi ndiyo mitsetse 5 yakafanana yaunoona pamufananidzo. Denderedzwa pazvinyorwa ndiyo zviratidzo zvezvinyorwa. Pamusoro pevashandi vepamusoro unoona zvinyorwa zve 1st octave, pasi - zvinyorwa zveoctave duku.

Nzvimbo yekutanga mumakesi ese ari maviri chinyorwa "ku" cheiyo 1 octave, uye imwe mutongi anopihwa iyo. Misiyano ndeyokuti pavashandi vepamusoro, zvinyorwa zvinoenda kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro, saka "C" chinyorwa che 1st octave chiri pasi. Pamusoro pevashandi vepasi, zvinyorwa zvinoenda kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi, saka chinyorwa cheC che 1st octave chiri pamusoro.

Nekudaro, isu tinorangarira kuti kurira kwemimhanzi kunovhara huwandu hwakakura kupfuura madiki uye ekutanga octaves. Naizvozvo, kuti uwane mufananidzo wakakwana wegadziriro yezvinonyorwa padanda, unofanira kudzidza dhayagiramu yakadzama kucherechedza kuiswa:

Vanonyanya kuterera iwe vaona kuti kunyangwe mune yakadzama dhizaini hatione ese octaves. Kuti tione kurongeka kwakarurama kwezvinyorwa zvose, tinoda zvakare mamwe vatongi. Ona kuti zvinoita sei pane muenzaniso we counteroctave:

Uye ikozvino wagadzirira kudzidza nzvimbo yezvinyorwa zvese padanda. Kuti zvive nyore, ngatirongei mufananidzo wevashandi vemimhanzi nekiibhodhi yepiyano, iyo yawakatova nenguva yekufunga pawakafamba nechidzidzo nhamba 1. Cherechedza apo chinyorwa chekutanga cheC che 1st octave chiri maererano nepamusoro uye pasi vashandi. mitsetse. Takamumaka mutsvuku:

Kune vazhinji veavo vanoona mufananidzo uyu wose kwekutanga, mubvunzo unomuka: sei kuyeuka?!.. Kazhinji, iwe unongoda chete kuyeuka nzvimbo yetsamba yekutanga "ku" 1st octave, nezvimwe zvose. manotsi ndechimwe chenhevedzano ine musoro ine chekuita nenoti yekutanga “ku”.

Kudzidzira "Lezginka" kunobatsira kubata nemusoro zvinyorwa. Zvinoshamisa kuti hazvina chokuita nemimhanzi, asi inotarisirwa kukudziridza kuwirirana kwebasa rekurudyi nekuruboshwe hemispheres yeuropi muvana [A. Sirotyuk, 2015]. Fungidzira kuti chibhakera kana chanza chine zvigunwe zvakakora idenderedzwa kuratidza chinyorwa, uye ruoko rwakatwasuka rwakagara pakati pemucheto wechanza. extension mutongi note bearer:

Saka unorangarira kuti mutongi wekuwedzera anocheka denderedzwa nepakati, inoreva chinyorwa "ku":

Uyezve zvichava nyore. Noti "D" inogona kumiririrwa sechibhakera chiri pamusoro pebhurasho rakatambanudzwa. Mucherechedzo unotevera "mi" uchachekwa nepakati nebhurashi rakareba, asi bhurashi haricharatidzi mutsara wekuwedzera, asi wepasi pemitsetse mishanu yevashandi. Kune chinyorwa "F" tinosimudza chibhakera pamusoro pemutsara, uye tinocheka chinyorwa "G" nebhurashi rakareba, iro zvino rinoratidzira mutsara wechipiri kubva pasi pevashandi. Ndinofunga wakanzwisisa musimboti wekugadzira manotsi. Saizvozvo, iwe unogona kurongedza manotsi anodzika hukama ne "ku" ye 1st octave.

Kana iwe uchida kudzidza yakakosha mnemonics iyo ichakubatsira iwe kuyeuka chero ruzivo, saina kune yedu Mnemotechnics kosi, uye munguva pfupi (inopfuura zvishoma mwedzi) iwe uchanzwisisa kuti hauna matambudziko ekurangarira. Pane chete nzira dzinoshanda dzekudzidzira nemusoro kupfuura dzawakamboshandisa.

Saka, nekurongwa kwezvinyorwa padanda, tinofunga, kazhinji, zvinhu zvose zvakajeka. Vanonyanya kuteerera vakatoona kuti nekurongeka kwezvinyorwa zvakurukurwa pamusoro apa, nzvimbo dzekupinza uye flats, kureva kusimudza nekudzikisa chinyorwa, hazvichagari. Uye nokuda kweizvi tinoda tsaona mune manotsi.

Alteration Signs

Pakupera kwechidzidzo chapfuura, watodzidza zvinopinza (♯) uye flat (♭) zviratidzo. Iwe wakatonzwisisa kuti kana chinyorwa chichikwira ne semitone, chiratidzo chinopinza chinowedzerwa kwairi, kana chikawa ne semitone, chiratidzo cheflat chinowedzerwa. Saka, yakasimudzwa G noti yaizonyorwa seG♯, uye yakaderedzwa G noti seG♭. Yakapinza uye yakati sandarara inonzi zviratidzo zvekuchinja, kureva shanduko. Izwi rinobva kune yekupedzisira Latin alterare, iyo inoshandura se "kuchinja."

Kuwedzera kwe2 semitones kunoratidzwa nekaviri, kureva kaviri-yakapinza, kuderera kwe2 semitones kunoratidzwa nekaviri, kureva kaviri flat. Kune kaviri-yakapinza kune yakakosha icon inoratidzika semuchinjikwa, asi, nokuti zvakaoma kuitora pane keyboard, iyo notation ♯♯ kana maviri pound zviratidzo ## inogona kushandiswa. Kuti vataridze furati mbiri, vanonyora zviratidzo zviviri ♭♭ kana mavara echiLatin bb.

Kuratidza kusimuka kana kudonha kwenoti pamuti wemumhanzi, chiratidzo chakapinza kana chakafuratira chinowanikwa nekukurumidza pamberi pechinyorwa, kana, kana imwe kana imwe chinyorwa ichida kudzikiswa kana kusimudzwa mukati mebasa rose, pakutanga kwevashandi. nemanotsi ebasa. Kune zviitiko apo shanduko yezvinyorwa inopiwa mukati mebasa rose, zviratidzo zvekupinza uye flats zvakagoverwa dzimwe nzvimbo padanda:

Ngatijekesei kune chinyorwa chiri mumufananidzo kuti mutsara wekuti "mu treble clef" zvinoreva tsvimbo yezvinyorwa zve 1-5 octave, uye mazwi "mubass clef" - mudonzvo kune mamwe ese maoctave kubva kudiki kusvika kune subcontroctave. Mushure mechinguva tichazotaura nezve treble uye bass clef mune zvakadzama. Parizvino, ngatitaurei nezve nzira yekurangarira nzvimbo yekupinza uye flats pane vashandi.

Muchidimbu, izvi hazvina kuoma kana iwe wakakwanisa kudzidza nzvimbo yezvidhori zvinomiririra manotsi. Saka, chiratidzo chakapinza chiri pamutsara wakafanana wevashandi sechinyorwa chinoda kusimudzwa. Kune vashandi vari mu treble clef, unofanirwa kuyeuka kuti zvinyorwa zviri kupi kubva ku "A" ye 1st octave kusvika "G" ye 2nd octave, uye iwe uchanzwisisa zviri nyore. maitiro ekuiswa kweanopinza:

Kunyatsofanana muenzaniso unoonekwa mukurongeka kwemafurati. Ivo zvakare vari pamitsetse yakafanana neyezvinyorwa zvavanoreva. Manotsi ari muchikamu anoshandiswa pano segwara. kubva pa "fa" ye 1st octave kusvika "mi" ye 2nd octave:

Nekupinza uye flats mubass clef, zvachose maitiro akafanana anoshanda. Kuti utarise mune zvinopinza, unofanirwa kuyeuka nzvimbo yezvinyorwa kubva pa "munyu" we octave diki kuenda ku "la" ye octave hombe:

Kuti utarise mumafurati, unofanirwa kuyeuka nzvimbo yezvinyorwa kubva "mi" ye octave diki kusvika "fa" ye octave hombe:

Sezvawakatoona, nokuda kwekugadziriswa kwezvipikisi uye mafiritsi pakutanga kwebasa pedyo ne clef - treble kana bass - chete vatongi vakuru vevashandi vanoshandiswa. Dzakadaro tsaona dzinonzi key.

Tsaona dzinotaura nezvechinyorwa chimwe chete dzinodaidzwa kuti random kana counter, dzinoita mukati mechiyero chimwe chete uye dzinowanikwa pakarepo pamberi pechinyorwa ichi.

Uye zvino ngationei kuti chii chaunofanira kuita kana iwe uchida kudzima inopinza kana furati, yakagadzirirwa pakutanga kwedanda. Chido chakadaro chinogona kuitika panguva yekuchinja, kureva kana uchichinja kune imwe toni. Iyi inzira yemufashoni inowanzoshandiswa mumhanzi wepop, kana korasi yekupedzisira kana vhesi nekwaya ichiridzwa 1-2 semitones yakakwirira kupfuura mavhesi apfuura uye zvirambidzo.

Kune izvi, pane chimwe chiratidzo chetsaona: bekar. Basa rayo nderekukanzura chiito chekupinza uye flats. Bekars zvakare akakamurwa kuita zvisingaite uye akakosha.

Backer mabasa:

Kuti ujekese, ona pairi random backer padanda:

Zvino tarisa kupi key backeruye iwe unobva wanzwisisa musiyano:

Ngatijekesei kuti notation padanda inoshandiswa gitare nepiyano, uye chero zvimwe zviridzwa zvemimhanzi, asi ma tabo aunoona pamufananidzo wapfuura pasi pedanda anoshandiswa kugitare.

Gitare tabo dzine mitsetse mitanhatu zvichienderana nehuwandu hwetambo dzegitare. Mutsara wepamusoro unoratidza tambo yakaonda, iyo ichava pasi kana iwe ukatora gitare. Mutsetse wepasi zvinoreva tambo yegitare yakakora, inova tambo yepamusoro kana wakabata gitare mumaoko ako. Nhamba idzi dzinoratidza kuti ndepapi pakuda kudzvanya tambo pakanyorwa nhamba.

Tichienderana nemufananidzo wemutsigiri asina kujairika, tinoona kuti pakutanga zvaive zvakafanira kutamba "c-yakapinza", iyo iri pachechipiri fret ye2nd tambo. Mushure mebhekar, kureva kudzima inopinza, unofanirwa kuridza chinyorwa chakachena "ku", icho chiri pane yekutanga fret yetambo yechipiri. Chidzidzo chekupedzisira chekosi yedu ichave yakatsaurirwa kuridza zviridzwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira gitare, uye isu tichakuudza nzira yekuziva nemusoro nzvimbo yezvinyorwa pane gitare fretboard.

Ngatibatanei uye tiunganidze ruzivo rwese pamusoro penjodzi pamufananidzo unotevera:

Kana iwe uchitoziva kuridza chiridzwa chemimhanzi, uye zvino wafunga kuvandudza dzidziso yako, tinokurudzira kuverenga ndima 11 "Zviratidzo zvekuchinja" mubhuku raVarfolomey Vakhromeev "Elementary Theory of Music", uko kune mienzaniso yekuparadzanisa nziyo [ V. Vakhromeev, 1961]. Tiri kuenderera mberi nekuzadzisa zvipikirwa zvakaitwa kare uye tichakuudza kuti makiyi ndeapi ane chekuita nedanda.

Makiyi padanda

Isu takamboshandisa mazwi ekuti "mu treble clef" uye "mubass clef". Ngatikuudzei zvatinoreva. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti imwe nhanho inopihwa kune yega yega mitsara yevashandi. Tichifunga nezvokuti kune zviridzwa zvakawanda munyika zvinobudisa ruzha rwakasiyana-siyana, mamwe “manzwi” aidiwa aidiwa, uye basa rawo rakapiwa makiyi.

Kiyi inonyorwa kunze kuitira kuti mutsara unobva watanga kuverenga pasi uyambuke panzvimbo huru. Nenzira iyi, kiyi inogovera kune chinyorwa chakanyorwa pamutsara uyu manzwi chaiwo, maererano neiyo nzwi uye mazita emamwe manzwi anoverengerwa. Kune marudzi akawanda emakiyi.

Keys - list:

Ngatitaurei ngatienzanisire:

Ziva kuti pakambove nemamwe makiyi "Pamberi". Kiyi ye "Ita" pamutsara wekutanga yainzi soprano, pa1nd - mezzo-soprano, pa2th - baritone, uye yaishandiswa kune zvikamu zvezwi zvinoenderana neakataridzwa mitsara. Kazhinji, zvidimbu zvakasiyana mumanotsi zvinodikanwa kuitira kuti usaite mitsetse yevashandi yakawedzera muhuwandu hwakawandisa uye kufambisa maonero ezvinyorwa. Nenzira, kuita kuti zvive nyore kuverenga mimhanzi, nhamba yezvinyorwa zvekuwedzera zvinoshandiswa, zvatichataura nezvazvo ikozvino.

Nguva yezvinyorwa

Apo pachidzidzo chekutanga takadzidza maitiro ezwi rezwi, takadzidza kuti kune ruzha rwemimhanzi, nguva yaro chinhu chakakosha. Tichitarisa mudonzvo, muimbi haafaniri kunzwisisa kwete chete chinyorwa chekutamba, asiwo kuti chinofanira kunzwika kwenguva yakareba sei.

Kuita kuti zvive nyore kufamba, cherechedza madenderedzwa anogona kuva akajeka kana rima (asina chinhu kana shaded), ane mamwe "miswe", "zvimiti", "mitsara" nezvimwe zvakadaro. Tichitarisa aya nuances, zvinobva zvangojeka kana ichi chiri chinyorwa chose kana hafu noti, kana chimwe chinhu. Izvo zvinosara kuti uone kuti "yose" chinyorwa, "hafu", nezvimwe zvinorevei.

Maverengero enguva:

Zviri pachena kuti iwe unogona kuverenga nekumhanya kwakasiyana, saka yakakosha mudziyo unoshandiswa kubatanidza kuverenga: metronome. Ikoko, chinhambwe chiri pakati pemitsindo chakanyatsogadziriswa uye mudziyo, sokunge zvakadaro, unoverengera panzvimbo pako. Ikozvino kune zvisingaverengeki zvirongwa zvine metronome basa, zvese zvakazvimiririra uye zvine sarudzo iyi sechikamu chezvimwe nharembozha dzevaimbi.

PaGoogle Play, unogona kuwana, semuenzaniso, iyo Soundbrenner metronome chirongwa, kana unogona kudhawunirodha Guitar Tuna gitare tuning chirongwa, apo muchikamu che "Zvishandiso" pachava ne "Chord Library" uye "Metronome" (usakanganwa bvumidza iyo application kupinda maikorofoni). Zvadaro, ngationei kuti nguva yezvinyorwa inoratidzwa sei.

Nguva (notsi):

Zvinoita sekuti musimboti wakajeka, asi kuti ujekeswe, tinokupa mufananidzo unotevera:

Kana iyo 8, 16, 32 zvinyorwa zvichienda mumutsara, itsika yekuzvibatanidza mumapoka uye kwete "kupenya" nenhamba yakawanda ye "miswe" kana "mureza". Nokuda kweizvi, iyo inonzi "mbabvu" inoshandiswa. Nehuwandu hwemapendero, unogona kunzwisisa pakarepo kuti ndeapi manotsi anosanganiswa muboka rekurasikirwa.

Kubatanidza zvinyorwa muboka:

Ndizvo zvinoita zvinotaridzika:

Kazhinji, zvinyorwa zvinosanganiswa mukati mechiyero. Yeuka kuti kurova ndiko manotsi uye zviratidzo zvavo zvinoperekedza pakati pemitsetse miviri yakatwasuka, inonzi Stroke lines:

Sezvawaona, kudzikama kunogona kutarisa kumusoro kana pasi. Pane mitemo pano.

Kwakadzikama

Rumwe ruzivo rwakadzama nezvenguva yezvinyorwa zvinogona kuwanikwa muVakhromeev's "Elementary Theory of Music" [V. Vakhromeev, 1961].

Uye, pakupedzisira, mune chero mutinhimira pane ruzha uye kumbomira pakati pavo. Ngatitaure nezvavo.

anoputsa

Kumbomira kunoyerwa nenzira yakafanana neyenguva yenoti. Kumbomira kunogona kunge kwakafanana chose, hafu, zvichingodaro. Zvisinei, kumbomira kunogona kugara kwenguva refu kupfuura chinyorwa chose, uye mazita anokosha akagadzirwa nokuda kwezviitiko zvakadaro. Saka, kana kumbomira kunotora 2 nguva yakareba kupfuura chinyorwa chose, inonzi brevis, kana iri 4 nguva yakareba, iri longa, uye 8 nguva yakareba, ishoko. Rondedzero yakazara yemazita ane mazita anogona kuwanikwa mukati tafura inotevera:

Saka, muchidzidzo chemazuva ano, iwe wakajairana nemimhanzi notation kubva pakutanga, wakawana pfungwa nezve tsaona, kunyora manotsi, kuronga kumbomira uye mamwe mazano ane chekuita nemusoro uyu. Isu tinofunga kuti izvi zvinopfuura zvakakwana kune rimwe basa. Ikozvino chasara kubatanidza mapoinzi akakosha echidzidzo nerubatsiro rwebvunzo yekusimbisa.

Chidzidzo bvunzo yekunzwisisa

Kana iwe uchida kuyedza ruzivo rwako pamusoro pechidzidzo ichi, unogona kutora bvunzo pfupi ine mibvunzo yakati wandei. Imwe chete sarudzo inogona kuve yakarurama pamubvunzo wega wega. Mushure mekusarudza imwe yesarudzo, sisitimu yacho inoenderera ichienda kumubvunzo unotevera. Mapoinzi aunogamuchira anokanganiswa nekurongeka kwemhinduro dzako uye nenguva yaunopedza uchipfuura. Ndapota cherechedza kuti mibvunzo yakasiyana nguva imwe neimwe, uye sarudzo dzinosanganiswa.

Uye zvino tinotendeukira kuchidzidzo chekubatana mumimhanzi.