Basso ostinato, basso ostinato |
Italian, lit. – kusindimara, bas
Imwe yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, osn. pamadingindira ekudzokororwa anodzokororwa mumabhesi nekuchinja manzwi epamusoro. Inobva ku polyphonic. mafomu ekunyora kwakasimba, ayo aive neamwechete cantus firmus, iyo, painodzokororwa, yakakomberedzwa neanopikisa matsva. Mumakore 16-17. V. o. inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutamba. music. Mamwe madhanzi ekare-passacaglia, chaconne, uye mamwe-aimiririra kusiyana kwaV. o. Iyi fomu yakapona kunyangwe passacaglia nechaconne varasikirwa nekutamba kwavo. zvinoreva. V. o. yakapindawo muarias nemakwaya emitambo, oratorios, cantatas yezana ramakore rechi 17-18. Dzimwe nziyo dzakagadzirwa. V.'s formulas yegungwa; music V.'s image about. akaendesa chimiro chimwe chete, pasina k.-l. kusiyana kwekudzokera. Zvichienderana nekupfupika kwedingindira raV. o. vanyori vakatsvaga kuipfumisa nerubatsiro rwemazwi anopikisa, harmonica. kusiyana uye tonal kuchinja. harmonic muunganidzwa wemisoro V. o. yakabatsira kubvumidzwa kwehomophone-harmonic. warehouse, kunyangwe ivo vaiwanzoiswa mu polyphonic. invoice. Madingindira V. nezve. yakavakirwa zvakanyanya pachiyero-chakaita (diatonic kana chromatic) kufamba pasi kana kumusoro kubva kune tonic kuenda kune inotonga, dzimwe nguva nekutorwa kwematanho ari padyo nayo. Asi pakanga painewo mamwe madingindira akasarudzika:
G. Purcell. Ode kune zuva rekuzvarwa kwaMambokadzi Mary.
Mr. Sell. Ode kuSt. Cecilia.
A. Vivaldi. Concerto ye2 violin uye orchestra a-moll, kufamba II.
G. Muffat. Passacaglia.
D. Buxtehude. Chaconne yenhengo.
JS Bach. Passacaglia yenhengo.
JS Bach. Chaconne kubva kuCantata Nhamba 150
JS Bach. Concerto ye clavier uye orchestra mu d-moll, chikamu II.
Nziyo dzakafanana. mafomula aiwanzo shandiswa mukutanga bass manhamba eneostinata themes. Izvi zvakaratidza kudyidzana kwavo neostinato thematism, yaive hunhu hwe17th-18th century. Inobatawo sonata thematics kusvika muzana remakore rechi20. (WA Mozart – quartet in d-moll, KV 421, L. Beethoven – sonata for piyano, op. 53, J. Brahms – sonata for piyano, op. 5, SS Prokofiev – sonata Nhamba 2 yeFP – the dingindira guru rezvikamu zvekutanga).
V. o. muPassacaglia uye chaconnes ye17th-18th century. yakaitika mune imwe kiyi (JS Bach - Passacaglia mu c-moll yeorgan, Crucifixus kubva muhukuru mu-b-moll) kana kuvhurwa mune akati wandei makiyi. Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, modulation yakaitwa nekushandura dingindira (JS Bach - Chaconne kubva kucantata No. 150) kana nenzira yediki modulation links, iyo yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuendesa musoro kune kiyi itsva pasina melodic. kuchinja (D. Buxtehude - Passacaglia d-moll yenhengo). Mune zvimwe zvigadzirwa. ese maviri maitiro aya akabatanidzwa (JS Bach - chikamu chepakati che clavier concerto mu d-moll); dzimwe nguva zvikamu zvakaiswa pakati pekuita kwedingindira, nekuda kwekuti chimiro chakashanduka kuita rondo (J. Chambonière - Chaconne F-dur ye harpsichord, F. Couperin - Passacaglia mu h-moll ye harpsichord).
L. Beethoven akawedzera kushandiswa kweV. o.; haana kuishandisa kwete chete sehwaro hwekusiyanisa-cyclic. mafomu (yekupedzisira ye 3rd symphony), asiwo sechinhu chechimiro chikuru chekugadzirisa pfungwa uye braking mushure mekumhanya kukuru. Ava ndivo V.O. pakupera kweAllegro Symphony No. 9, apo V. o. inosimbisa zvinosuruvarisa zvinoshamisa. nguva, muVivace coda yeSymphony No 7 uye pakati peVivace quartet op. 135.
L. Beethoven. 9th symphony, kufamba I. 7th symphony, kufamba I.
L. Beethoven. Quartet op. 135, chikamu II.
Iyo static yekudzokororwa mharidzo yechinhu chimwe chete inokundwa nekuchinja kwesimba rezwi (kubva p kusvika f kana zvinopesana). Mumweya mumwe, semugumisiro wekukura kukuru kwemifananidzo yakasiyana, V. o. mune kodhi yekupfuura kune opera "Ivan Susanin" naGlinka.
MI Glinka. "Ivan Susanin", nhoroondo.
Muzana remakore rechi19 nerechi20 V. kukosha pamusoro. inowedzera. Zviviri zvezvigadziko zvaro zvakatemwa. marudzi. Yokutanga inobva pane yakasimbiswa dingindira uye inotevedzana yakajeka yekusiyana kwayo kwekufananidzira (I. Brahms - kuguma kweSymphony No. 4). Yechipiri inoshandura pakati pesimba rinokwevera pasi kubva padingindira rekutanga, rinoshanduka kuita chinhu chiri nyore chekusimbisa, kuenda kune yakafara melodic-harmonic. kusimukira (SI Taneev - Largo kubva kuquintet op. 30). Mhando mbiri idzi dzinoshandiswawo muzvigadzirwa zvakazvimirira. (F. Chopin - Lullaby), uye sechikamu che sonata-symphony. kutenderera, pamwe neopera uye ballet inoshanda.
Kupfuura miganhu yevhawero, ostinato zvishoma nezvishoma inova imwe yenheyo dzinokosha dzekuumba mumhanzi wezana remakore rechi19 ne20; inozviratidza mumunda we rhythm, kuwirirana, melodic. nziyo uye dzimwe nzira dzemimhanzi. kutaura. Kutenda kune ostinato, unogona kugadzira mamiriro e "kuoma", "kunakidzwa", kutarisa c.-l. imwe mafungiro, kunyura mukufunga, nezvimwewo; V. o. Inogonawo kushanda se voltage booster. Izvi zvicharatidza. V.'s mikana nezve. yakatoshandiswa nevanyori vezana remakore rechi19. (AP Borodin, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, R. Wagner, A. Bruckner, nevamwe), asi vakawana kukosha kunokosha muzana remakore rechi20. (M. Ravel, IF Stravinsky, P. Hindemith, DD Shostakovich, AI Khachaturian, DB Kabalevsky, B. Britten, K. Orff nevamwe, mumabasa ayo ostinato mafomu emhando dzakasiyana-siyana anoshandiswa).
References: Prорреr L., The basso ostinato seyanyanzvi uye yekugadzira nheyo, В., 1926 (diss.); Litterscheid R., Panhoroondo yebasso ostinato, Marburg, 1928; Nowak L., Zvimiro zvikuru zvenhoroondo yebasso ostinato mumhanzi wekumadokero, W., 1932; Meinardus W., Iyo nzira yebasso ostinato naH. Purcell, Cologne, 1939 (diss.); Gurlill W., PaJS Bach's Ostinato Technique, в кн.: Nhoroondo yeMumhanzi uye Zvazvino. Mutsara wezvinyorwa. Ini (zvinowedzera kune archive yemimhanziology), Wiesbaden, 1966; Вerger G., Ostinato, Chaconne, Passacaglia, Wolfenbüttel, (1968). См. также лит. при статьях Анализ музыкальный, Вариации, Форма музыкальная.
Vl. V. Protopopov
