Sonorism

Sonorism, sonorics, sonoristics, sonoristic maitiro

kubva lat. sonorus - sonorous, sonorous, ruzha; German Klangmusic; Polish sonrystyka

Rudzi rwechizvino-zvino kuumba nzira uchishandisa Ch. arr. manzwi ane mavara, anoonekwa seurefu husina musiyano.

S.'s specificity (se"music of sonorities') iri mukuunza pamberi peruvara rweruzha, pamwe nenguva dzekuchinja kubva kune imwe toni kana konsonanti kuenda kune imwe. Humwe huchenjeri (phonism) inogara iripo mukunzwika kwemimhanzi, ese ari maviri polyphonic (mavara echords, makonzonenzi anomuka kana aenzaniswa uye zvakare zvinoenderana nenzvimbo, rejista, timbre, kukurumidza kwekuchinja kweharmonic, zvimiro zvechimiro), uye monophonic. (kupendeka kwezvikamu zvine chekuita nerejista, rhythm, zvimiro zvechimiro), zvisinei, mukuparara. masitayera, inozviratidza (zvese zvakanyanya kuzvimiririra) kwete kusvika pamwero wakafanana, zvinoenderana neyakajairwa pfungwa uye hunyanzvi. nzira yemimhanzi. kusika, zvimwe kubva nat. mavambo echimiro. Zvinhu zvekududzirwa kwesonoristic kwekuwirirana zvakagadziridzwa mumimhanzi kubva muzana ramakore re19. maererano nechishuvo chekonkriti uye chokwadi chenyama yemamuses. mifananidzo, kumimhanzi. yokufananidzira uye yakazviratidza zvakajeka muFrench. uye mimhanzi yeSlavic (zvimwe zvinodikanwa zveS. zvinogona kuwanikwa mufolk instr. mimhanzi yemarudzi mazhinji etsika). Historical S.'s preforms ndiwo mavara ekuwirirana (ona, semuenzaniso, chikamu Des7> - Des kubva kubhawa 51 muChopin's b-moll nocturne), kutandara kwemamwe maficha eNar. mimhanzi (somuenzaniso, kutevedzera kurira kwezviridzwa zvechiCaucasian muchimiro chequintchord g - d1 - a1 - e2 mu "Lezginka" kubva ku opera "Ruslan naLyudmila"), kusarudzwa kwemaitiro ehomogeneous chords maererano nefoni. zviratidzo (somuenzaniso, eclipse chords mu opera "Prince Igor"), ndima dzekufananidzira dzine mavara uye cadence ndima (somuenzaniso, mu 2nd reprise yeChopin's Des-dur nocturne; muLiszt's No. 3 nocturne No. 2), mifananidzo ye chamupupuri, kuvhuvhuta kwemhepo, madutu (semuenzaniso, "Francesca da Rimini", "The Tempest", chiitiko mubharaki kubva ku "The Queen of Spades" naTchaikovsky; "Scheherazade" uye "Kashchei the Immortal" naRimsky-Korsakov. ), dudziro yetimbre yemakonzonenzi, ch. arr. kana uchisangana nemadhiramu timbres (semuenzaniso, iyo tritone muLeshy's leitmotif kubva kuopera "The Snow Maiden"). Muenzaniso wakatanhamara, pedyo nemazuva ano. mhando S., - chiitiko chebhero rinorira kubva ku opera "Boris Godunov" (sumo kumufananidzo wechiXNUMX).

S. muchirevo chaicho chezwi rinogona kutaurwa chete maererano nemimhanzi yezana remakore rechi20, iyo inokonzerwa nemitemo yemimhanzi yakagadzirwa mairi. kufunga, kunyanya kuwirirana. mutauro. Hazvibviri kusiyanisa zvakakwana uye zvisina mubvunzo pakati pemanzwi chaiwo (mimhanzi yematoni) uye sonority (mimhanzi ye sonorities); zvinowanzoomera kuparadzanisa sonoristic technique kubva kune dzimwe (kwete-sonorous) marudzi ekugadzira unyanzvi. Naizvozvo, kupatsanurwa kwaS kune kumwero wakati kune zvimiso; inosanangura chete mapoinzi akakosha uye inotora shanduko uye misanganiswa yemhando dzakafananidzirwa. Muhurongwa hwekugadzika, marudzi eS. akarongwa muhurongwa hwekubvisa zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pakutanga - zviitiko zvemaitiro akajairwa tonal.

Nenzira ine mufungo, nhano yokutanga yokuzvimirira kwaS. Nzira yekuenzanisa yakagadziridzwa naC. Debussy inoratidza kushanduka kwemaitiro aya: mutsara wechord unoonekwa se monophonic kutevedzana kwemanzwi e-timbre-mavara (maitiro e-parallel-dissonant blocks mu jazz yakafanana neiyi nzira). Mienzaniso yekubatana kwemavara ane mavara: ma ballet Daphnis naChloe naRavel (Dawn), Stravinsky's Petrushka (kutanga kwechiitiko chechina), Prokofiev's Cinderella (Pakati peusiku), chidimbu che orchestral, op. 4 No 6 Webern, rwiyo "Seraphite" naSchoenberg.

HH Sidelnikov. Russian ngano, 4th chikamu.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kududzirwa kwesonoristic kwekuwirirana kunoshanda sekushanda nemakonikoni echinangwa chetimbre ("sonoras"). Iyi ndiyo yekutanga "sonor chord" muScriabin's Prometheus, osn. chord muWeber's chidimbu op. 10 No 3 ye orchestra, discordant polyharmony isati yatangazve yesumo ye ballet The Rite of Spring.

Sonorant coloration kazhinji ine consonance-masumbu (anoshanda naG. Cowell nevamwe). Kwete chete chords inogona kuva sonorous, asiwo mitsetse (ona, semuenzaniso, Shostakovich's 2nd symphony kusvika nhamba 13). Kubatanidza sonorous chords uye mitsetse inogadzira sonorous layers (kazhinji kana ichipindirana nematanda ematanda), semuenzaniso. rukova rwegumi nembiri runonzwika mukupedzisira kweProkofiev's 12nd symphony (2nd variation), muLutoslavsky's 2nd symphony, mu "Rings" yeSchedrin's orchestra. Kuwedzera kudzika kweS kwakabatana nekuparadzaniswa kubva mukusiyanisa kwenzwi uye kunoratidzwa, semuenzaniso, mukuteterera kumimhanzi yezviridzwa zvinoridzwa (ona Prokofiev's Egypt Nights, Kushushikana, kupindira kune 2nd chiitiko che2nd chiitiko che opera The Mhino » Shostakovich). Pakupedzisira, S. kubva kune sonoristically yakadudzirwa toni inotungamira kune sonoristically yakadudzirwa ruzha (German: Gerdusch), uye ichi chinyorwa chinosanganisira maviri decomp. chinhu - mimhanzi. ruzha (neoekmelika) uye ruzha rwekuwedzera-mumhanzi (unoenderana nemunda wezvinonzi mimhanzi yekongiri).

Nzira yekushanda nezvinhu zvakafanana uye zvakawanda mukureva kwavo zvinonyatso fanana kana kupindirana. Semuenzaniso, Penderecki's "Tren" inotanga nemimhanzi-ruzha ruzha.

HH Sidelnikov. Russian ngano, 4th chikamu.

K. Penderecki. "Kuchema kweVakabatwa muHiroshima".

Nokudaro, S. inoshanda zvose nenzira dzakakodzera dze sonorous (ruzha rwemimhanzi, timbre layers, ruzha-ruvara rwakaoma, ruzha rusina imwe nzwi), uye nenzira dzemamwe marudzi e teknolojia (tonal, modal, serial, aleatory, nezvimwewo. ) . Comp. S.'s tekinoroji inosanganisira sarudzo yeimwe. inonzwika zvinhu (kutaura kwayo kuri mune yakananga, uye kwete muhukama hwehukama nehunyanzvi hwekuita basa), kugoverwa kwayo nemadhipatimendi ekugadzira. zvichibva pamutsara wakasarudzwa webudiriro, chirongwa chega chega chakagadziridzwa chese. Muses. muitiro werudzi urwu unobatanidzwa nechishuvo chekukura kune chinangwa kwemwanakomana, kuumba nguva dzose kukwira nekudzika kunoratidza kufamba kwehupfungwa huri pasi pehwaro hwekutaura kwemimhanzi.

S. zvakananga kupfuura mimhanzi yetinhi, inokwanisa kugadzira marudzi ese emhando dzemavara, kunyanya, kuisa maitikiro eruzha rwekunze kwenyika mumimhanzi. Saka, tsika yechiRussian. classical music, mufananidzo webhero kurira unowana chimiro chitsva muS.

Zvakanakira. S.'s scope - mus. mabhuku anobudisa zvinonzwika zvine mavara anokosha zvikuru: “kuyerera kwemabota ebhuruu-orenji, kupenya nokupenya kwenyeredzi dziri kure, kupenya kweminondo yomwoto, kumhanya kwemapuraneti eturquoise, mimvuri yepepuru uye kutenderera kweruvara rwekurira” ( O. Messiaen, “Technique of my musical language”). Onawo Phonism.

AG Schnittke. pianissimo.

RK Shchedrin. "Kufona".

References: Asafiev BV, Musical fomu senzira, (mabhuku 1-2), M.-L., 1930-47, 3 (mabhuku ose maviri), L., 1971; Shaltuper Yu., Pamaitiro eLutoslavsky mu60s, mu: Matambudziko eMumhanzi Sayenzi, vol. 3, M., 1975; Nikolskaya I., "Funeral Music" naWitold Lutoslavsky uye matambudziko ehurongwa hwekuridza mumhanzi wezana ramakore re10, mu: Mimhanzi uye Mazuva Ano, (nyaya) 1976, M., 1; Messiaen O., Technique de mon langage musical, v. 2-1944, P., 1961; Chominski J., Technika sonorystyczna jako przedmiot systematycznego szkolenia, “Muzyka”, 6, rok 3, No 1968; vake, Muzyka Polski Ludowej, Warsz., 1962; Kohoutek C., Novodobé skladebné teorie západoevropske hudby, Praha, 1965, Novodobé skladebné smery vhudbe, Praha, 1976 (shanduro yechiRussian - Kogoytek Ts., Nzira yekugadzira mumhanzi yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, M.

Yu. N. Kholopov