Amelita Galli-Curci |

Amelita Galli-Curci

“Kuimba ndicho chandinoda, hupenyu hwangu. Kana ndaizozviwana ndava pachitsuwa chegwenga, ndaiimbawo ipapo ... Munhu akakwira mudungwe wemakomo uye asingaoni nhongonya yakakwirira kupfuura iyo yaagere haana ramangwana. Handingambobvumi kuva panzvimbo yake. Aya mazwi haasi chiziviso chakanaka, asi chirongwa chaicho chekuita chakatungamira muimbi weItaly akatanhamara Galli-Curci muhupenyu hwake hwese hwekusika.

“Chizvarwa chese chinowanzotongwa nemuimbi mumwe mukuru wecoloratura. Chizvarwa chedu chichasarudza Galli-Curci samambokadzi wavo wekuimba…” Dilpel akadaro.

Amelita Galli-Curci akaberekwa musi waNovember 18, 1882 muMilan, mumhuri yebhizimisi akabudirira Enrico Galli. Mhuri yacho yakakurudzira kufarira mimhanzi kwomusikana wacho. Izvi zvinonzwisisika - shure kwezvose, sekuru vake vaiva kondakita, uye mbuya vake vakambove vane brilliant coloratura soprano. Pazera remakore mashanu, musikana wacho akatanga kuridza piyano. Kubva pazera remakore manomwe, Amelita anogara achipinda kuimba yeopera, iyo yave kwaari sosi yezvakasimba zvakanyanya.

Musikana aifarira kuimba akarota kuzova nemukurumbira semuimbi, uye vabereki vake vaida kuona Amelita semuimbi wepiyano. Akapinda muMilan Conservatory, kwaakadzidza piyano naProfessor Vincenzo Appiani. Muna 1905, akapedza kudzidza kubva muimba yekuchengetedza aine menduru yegoridhe uye munguva pfupi akazova mudzidzisi wepiyano anozivikanwa. Zvisinei, mushure mokunge anzwa mutambi mukuru wepiyano Ferruccio Busoni, Amelita akaziva neshungu kuti aisazombokwanisa kuwana unyanzvi hwakadaro.

Ramangwana rake rakasarudzwa naPietro Mascagni, munyori weiyo yakakurumbira opera Rural Honor. Achinzwa kuti Amelita, achizviperekedza papiyano, anoimba rwiyo rwaElvira kubva kuopera yaBellini “Puritanes”, munyori wenziyo akadanidzira: “Amelita! Kune vakawanda vanoridza piyano vane shasha, asi kashoma sei kunzwa muimbi chaiye! Hongu, iwe uchava nyanzvi huru. Asi kwete mutambi wepiyano, aiwa, muimbi!”

Uye saka zvakaitika. Mushure memakore maviri ekuzvidzidza, hunyanzvi hwaAmelita hwakaongororwa nemumwe kondakita weopera. Mushure mokuteerera kushanda kwake kwearia kubva pachiito chechipiri cheRigoletto, akakurudzira Galli kumutungamiriri weimba ye opera muTrani, uyo akanga ari kuMilan. Saka akawana debut munhandare yetaundi duku. Chikamu chekutanga - Gilda mu "Rigoletto" - yakaunza muimbi wechidiki kubudirira uye akazarura kune imwe yake, mifananidzo yakasimba muItaly. Basa raGilda rakabva rave chishongo che repertoire yake.

MunaEpril 1908, akanga atova muRoma - kekutanga aita pachikuva cheCostanzi Theatre. Muchinzvimbo chaBettina, heroine yeBizet's comic opera Don Procolio, Galli-Curci akazviratidza kwete chete semuimbi ane hunyanzvi, asiwo semutambi ane tarenda. Panguva iyoyo, muimbi akanga aroora muimbi L. Curci.

Asi kuti awane budiriro chaiyo, Amelita aifanira kuenda "internship" kunze kwenyika. Muimbi akaita mumwaka 1908/09 muEgypt, uye ipapo muna 1910 akashanyira Argentina uye Uruguay.

Akadzokera kuItaly semuimbi anozivikanwa zvikuru. Milan's "Dal Verme" inonyanya kumukoka kubasa raGilda, uye Neapolitan "San Carlo" (1911) inopupurira unyanzvi hwepamusoro hweGalli-Curci mu "La Sonnambula".

Mushure mekumwe kushanya kwemuimbi, muzhizha ra1912, muSouth America (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile), yaive nguva yekubudirira kune ruzha muTurin, Roma. Mumapepanhau, vachirangarira kuimba kwemuimbi kare pano, vakanyora kuti: "Galli-Curci akadzoka semuimbi akazara."

Mumwaka wa1913/14, muimbi anoimba paReal Madrid Theatre. La sonnambula, Puritani, Rigoletto, The Barber weSeville anomuunzira kubudirira kusati kwamboitika munhoroondo yeiyi opera imba.

Muna February 1914, sechikamu cheboka reItaly opera Galli-Curci, akasvika muSt. Muguta guru reRussia, kekutanga, anoimba zvikamu zveJuliet (Romeo naJuliet naGounod) uye Filina (Thomas 'Mignon). Mumaopera maviri, mumwe wake aive LV Sobinov. Heino nzira iyo kududzirwa kwe heroine ye opera Tom nemuimbi kwakatsanangurwa mupepanhau reguta guru: "Galli-Curci akazviratidza kuna Filina anoyevedza. Izwi rake rakanaka, mimhanzi uye nzira yakanakisa yakamupa mukana wekuunza chikamu cheFilina pamberi. Akaimba polonaise zvine hungwaru, mhedziso yacho, pakudiwa kweruzhinji neruzhinji, akadzokorora, achitora kaviri mapoinzi matatu "fa". Pachikuva, anotungamira basa racho nehungwaru uye hutsva. "

Asi korona yekukunda kwake kweRussia yaive La Traviata. Pepanhau rinonzi Novoye Vremya rakanyora kuti: “Galli-Curci ndeimwe yeVioletta iyo St. Petersburg isati yamboona kwenguva refu. Haana hunhu zvese pachikuva uye semuimbi. Akaimba rwiyo rwechiito chekutanga nekunaka kunoshamisa uye, nenzira, akaipedzisa necadenza inokatyamadza, yatisina kunzwa kubva kune Sembrich kana Boronat: chimwe chinhu chinokatyamadza uye panguva imwe chete chinoyevedza. Aive budiriro yakanaka. ”…

Mushure mekuonekwazve munyika yake yekuzvarwa, muimbi anoimba nevatambi vakasimba: mudiki akangwara Tenor Tito Skipa uye ane mukurumbira baritone Titta Ruffo. Muzhizha ra1915, paColon Theatre muBuenos Aires, anoimba naCaruso ane mukurumbira muLucia. "Kukunda kunoshamisa kweGalli-Curci naCaruso!", "Galli-Curci aive heroine manheru!", "Iyo isingawanzoitiki pakati pevaimbi" - iyi ndiyo nzira iyo vatsoropodzi veko vakatarisa chiitiko ichi.

Musi waNovember 18, 1916, Galli-Curci akaita debut yake muChicago. Mushure me "Caro note" vateereri vakaputika mune zvisati zvamboitika zvemaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Uye mune mamwe maitiro - "Lucia", "La Traviata", "Romeo naJuliet" - muimbi akagamuchirwa zvakangofanana. "Muimbi Mukuru weColouratura Kubva Patti", "Fabulous Voice" ingori mimwe yemisoro yemapepanhau eAmerica. Chicago yakateverwa nekukunda muNew York.

Mubhuku rinonzi "Vocal Parallels" nemuimbi ane mukurumbira Giacomo Lauri-Volpi tinoverenga kuti: "Kumunyori wemitsara iyi, Galli-Curci aive shamwari uye, neimwe nzira, godmother panguva yake yekutanga kutamba kwaRigoletto, kwakaitika muna. kutanga kwaJanuary 1923 pachikuva cheMetropolitan Theatre ". Gare gare, munyori akaimba naye kanopfuura kamwe muRigoletto uye muThe Barber yeSeville, Lucia, La Traviata, Massenet's Manon. Asi fungidziro kubva pakuita kwekutanga yakasara kwehupenyu. Inzwi remuimbi rinorangarirwa serinobhururuka, zvinoshamisa yunifomu muruvara, zvishoma matte, asi zvakapfava zvakanyanya, zvinokurudzira rugare. Hapana kana "childish" chimwe chete kana chinyorwa chakasvibiswa. Mutsara wechiito chekupedzisira "Iko, kudenga, pamwe chete naamai vangu vanodiwa ..." yakarangarirwa seimwe rudzi rwechishamiso chezwi - nyere yakarira panzvimbo yezwi.

Mumatsutso a1924, Galli-Curci akaita mumaguta anopfuura makumi maviri eChirungu. Koniti yekutanga chaiyo yemuimbi muguta guru reAlbert Hall yakaita kuti vateereri vanzwe zvisingarambiki. "Mashiripiti eGalli-Curci", "Ndakauya, ndakaimba - ndikakunda!", "Galli-Curci akakunda London!" - achiyemura akanyora pepanhau reko.

Galli-Curci haana kuzvisunga nezvibvumirano zvenguva refu neimwe opera imba, achisarudza rusununguko rwekushanyira. Mushure mokunge 1924 chete muimbi wacho akamupa chido chekupedzisira kuMetropolitan Opera. Sezvo mutemo, opera nyeredzi (kunyanya panguva iyoyo) yaingoteerera yechipiri kune danho rekonzati. Kune Galli-Curci, aya aive maviri akaenzana akaenzana mativi ehunyanzvi hwekugadzira. Uyezve, nekufamba kwemakore, basa rekonzati rakatotanga kukunda pamusoro penzvimbo yemitambo. Uye mushure mokunge ataura zvakanaka kune opera muna 1930, akaramba achipa makonti munyika dzakawanda kwemakore akawanda, uye kwose kwose akabudirira nevateereri vakawanda, nokuti mudura rayo unyanzvi hweAmelita Galli-Curci hwakanga hwakasiyana nekureruka kwechokwadi, runako. , kujeka, kukwezva demokrasi.

"Hapana vateereri vasina hanya, unozviita iwe," muimbi akadaro. Panguva imwecheteyo, Galli-Curci haana kumbobvira abhadhara mutero kune zvinonaka zvinonaka kana fashoni yakaipa - kubudirira kukuru kwemuimbi kwaive kukunda kwekutendeseka kwehunyanzvi uye kuvimbika.

Nekusagadzikana kunoshamisa, anofamba achibva kune imwe nyika achienda kune imwe, uye mukurumbira wake unokura nekuita kwese, nekonzati yega yega. Nzira dzake dzokushanya dzaipfuura nomunyika huru dzeEurope neUnited States chete. Akateererwa mumaguta akawanda eAsia, Africa, Australia neSouth America. Akaita muPacific Islands, akawana nguva yekurekodha zvinyorwa.

"Inzwi rake," anonyora nyanzvi yemimhanzi VV Timokhin, akanaka zvakaenzana mu coloratura uye mu cantilena, sekurira kwemashiripiti esirivha nyere, yakakundwa nekunaka kunoshamisa uye kuchena. Kubva pamazwi ekutanga akaimbwa nemuimbi, vateereri vakafadzwa nekufamba uye kwakatsetseka kwaiyerera zviri nyore zvinoshamisa… Mutsindo wakatsetseka, wepurasitiki wakabatsira mugadziri sechinhu chinoshamisa chekugadzira mifananidzo yakasiyana-siyana, yakakwenenzverwa nefiligree…

… Galli-Curci semuimbi wecoloratura, pamwe, aisamuziva akaenzana.

Iyo yakanakisa kunyange, ruzha rwepurasitiki rwakashandira muimbi sechinhu chinoshamisa chekugadzira akasiyana siyana filigreely honed mifananidzo. Hapana akambotamba nerunyerekupe rwakadaro ndima dziri muaria "Sempre libera" ("Kuve wakasununguka, kuve usina hanya") kubva ku "La Traviata", munzvimbo yeDinora kana Lucia uye nehungwaru hwakadaro - macadenza ari mukati. zvakafanana "Sempre libera" kana mu "Waltz Juliet," uye izvi zvese pasina kushushikana kudiki (kunyangwe manotsi epamusoro haana kuburitsa fungidziro yeakanyanya kukwirira), izvo zvinogona kupa vateereri matambudziko ehunyanzvi enhamba yakaimbwa.

Hunyanzvi hwaGalli-Curci hwakaita kuti vanhu vepanguva iyoyo vayeuke hukuru hukuru hwezana ramakore rechi 1914 uye vakati kunyange vanyori vakashanda munguva ye“nguva yendarama” yabel canto vaisagona kufungidzira mududziri ari nani wemabasa avo. "Dai Bellini pachake akanzwa muimbi anoshamisa saGalli-Curci, angadai akamuombera maoko asingapere," rakanyora kudaro bepanhau reBarcelona El Progreso muna XNUMX mushure mekuita kweLa sonnambula naPuritani. Kuongorora uku kwevatsoropodzi veSpain, avo vasina tsitsi "vakaputsa" pane zvakawanda zvinovhenekera zvenyika yezwi, inonyatsoratidza. "Galli-Curci ari pedyo nekukwana zvakakwana sezvinobvira," akabvuma makore maviri gare gare mutambi ane mukurumbira wekuAmerica Geraldine Farrar (mutambi akanakisa wemabasa aGilda, Juliet naMimi), mushure mekuteerera Lucia di Lammermoor paChicago Opera. .

Muimbi uyu akasiyaniswa nerepertoire yakakura. Kunyangwe yaive yakavakirwa pamimhanzi yeOpera yekuItaly - inoshanda naBellini, Rossini, Donizetti, Verdi, Leoncavallo, Puccini - yakaitwawo zvine hungwaru mumaopera evaimbi veFrance - Meyerbeer, Bizet, Gounod, Thomas, Massenet, Delibes. Kune izvi tinofanira kuwedzera basa rakanyanya kuitwa raSophie muR. Strauss's Der Rosenkavalier uye basa raMambokadzi weShemakhan muRimsky-Korsakov's The Golden Cockerel.

"Basa ramambokadzi," munyori wemifananidzo akadaro, "haatore inopfuura hafu yeawa, asi hafu yeawa yakadini! Munguva pfupi yakadaro yenguva, muimbi anotarisana nemarudzi ose ematambudziko ezwi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvokuti kunyange vanyori vekare vangadai vasina kuuya.

Muchirimo uye zhizha 1935 muimbi akafamba India, Burma uye Japan. Ndidzo dzaive nyika dzekupedzisira kwaakaimba. Galli-Curci anosiya kwenguva pfupi kubva muchiitiko chekonzati nekuda kwechirwere chehuro chakakomba chaida kupindira kwekuvhiya.

Muzhizha ra1936, pashure pezvidzidzo zvakasimba, muimbi akadzokera kwete chete padanho konzati, asiwo opera danho. Asi haana kugara kwenguva refu. Kuonekwa kwekupedzisira kweGalli-Curci kwakaitika mumwaka we1937/38. Mushure meizvozvo, anozoenda pamudyandigere ndokudzokera kumba kwake muLa Jolla (California).

Muimbi akafa November 26, 1963.