Sergei Mikhailovich Slonimsky |

Sergei Slonimsky

Iye chete ndiye anokodzera kugara nhaka. Ndiani anogona kushandisa nhaka kuupenyu. JW Goethe, "Faust"

Zvechokwadi ndiye mumwe wevanyori vashoma vemazuva ano avo vanogara vachionekwa semutsivi wetsika. Yaani? Kazhinji anonzi M. Mussorgsky uye S. Prokofiev. Kwete zvishoma zvakasimba mukutonga pamusoro peSlonimsky, zvinopesana zvinosimbiswawo: kujeka kwehupenyu hwemimhanzi, kuyeuka kwayo uye nyore kuziva. Kuvimba netsika uye Slonimsky pachake "Ini" hazvisi zvakasiyana. Asi kune kubatana kwezviviri izvi zvinopesana, chechitatu chinowedzerwa - kukwanisa kugadzira zvakavimbika mumitambo yemimhanzi yenguva dzakasiyana uye vanhu, ingave iri musha weRussia wekare-pre-revolutionary nguva mu opera Virineya (1967, yakabva pa. nyaya yaL. Seifullina) kana kuti Scotland yekare mu opera Mary Stuart (1980), iyo yakashamisa kunyange vateereri veScottish nekudzika kwayo kwekupinda. Hunhu humwe hwehuchokwadi huri muzvinyorwa zvake zve "kare": ballet "Icarus" (1971); zvidimbu zvenzwi "Rwiyo Rwenziyo" (1975), "Farewell kune Shamwari Mugwenga" (1966), "Monologues" (1967); opera The Master and Margarita (1972, New Testament Scenes). Panguva imwecheteyo, munyori anoshongedza zvekare, achibatanidza misimboti yemimhanzi yengano, ichangoburwa nzira dzekunyora dzezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. nehunhu hwayo. "Slonimsky, sezviri pachena, ane chipo ichocho chakakosha chinosiyanisa munyori mumwe kubva kune vakawanda: kukwanisa kutaura mitauro yakasiyana-siyana yemimhanzi, uye panguva imwechete chitambi chehutano hwemunhu huri pamabasa ake," mutsoropodzi weAmerica anotenda.

Munyori wemabasa akawanda, Slonimsky haafungidziki mune imwe neimwe itsva. Kutevera cantata "Songs of the Freemen" (1959, pazvinyorwa zvevanhu), umo kushandiswa kunoshamisa kwengano dzeRussia kwakaita kuti zvikwanise kutaura nezveSlonimsky semumwe wevanokurudzira "new folklore wave", iyo Solo Violin Sonata yakaonekwa. - opus yekunyanya kutaura kwemazuva ano uye kuoma. Mushure mekamuri opera The Master naMargarita, iyo Concerto yemagitare matatu emagetsi, zviridzwa zvega uye symphony orchestra (1973) yakaonekwa - iyo yepakutanga synthesis yemhando mbiri uye mafomu emumhanzi kufunga: rock uye symphony. Kukura kwakadaro uye shanduko yakapinza mune zvekufananidzira uye zvekuronga zvido zvemunyori pakutanga zvakashamisa vazhinji, zvisingatauri pachena: chii chaicho Slonimsky? "... Dzimwe nguva, mushure mebasa idzva rinotevera, vateveri vake vanova" varambi" vake, uye ava vanova vateveri. Chinhu chimwe chete chinoramba chiripo: mimhanzi yake nguva dzose inomutsa kufarira kwevateereri, vanofunga nezvazvo uye vanokakavara pamusoro payo. Zvishoma nezvishoma, kubatana kusingaparadzanisiki kwemaitiro akasiyana eSlonimsky kwakaratidzwa, semuenzaniso, kugona kupa kunyange dodecaphony maficha e folklore melos. Zvakazoitika kuti maitiro ekupedzisira-ekuvandudza maitiro sekushandiswa kweiyo untempered system (yechitatu- uye kota-toni toni), emahara ekuvandudza mutinhi pasina kudzikama, hunhu hwengano. Uye kunyatsoongorora kuwirirana kwake kwakaratidza kuti munyori anoshandisa sei misimboti yekuwirirana kwekare uye folk polyphony, hongu, pamwe chete nerwiyo rwenzira dzekudanana uye dzemazuva ano kuwirirana. Ndicho chikonzero mune imwe neimwe yemapfumbamwe ake symphonies akagadzira mimwe mitambo yemimhanzi, inowanzobatanidzwa nemifananidzo - vatakuri vepfungwa huru, vachifananidzira kuratidzwa kwakasiyana uye maitiro ezvakanaka nezvakaipa. Zvakangojeka, zvakapfuma, zvine symphonically, zvirongwa zvezvose zvina zvemimhanzi yake nziyo - ballet uye matatu operas - zvinoratidzwa chaizvo mumhanzi. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekuramba kuchifarira kwevatambi uye vateereri mumimhanzi yeSlonimsky, iyo inonzwika zvikuru muU.SR uye kune dzimwe nyika.

Akazvarwa muna 1932 muLeningrad, mumhuri yemunyori akakurumbira weSoviet M. Slonimsky, munyori weramangwana akagara nhaka tsika dzemweya dzeRussia democratic creative intelligentsia. Kubva paudiki, anoyeuka shamwari dzepedyo dzababa vake: E. Schwartz, M. Zoshchenko, K. Fedin, nyaya pamusoro peM. Gorky, A. Grin, mamiriro ehupenyu hwehupenyu hwehupenyu hwakaoma, hwakaoma, hunoshamisa. Zvose izvi zvakakurumidza kuwedzera nyika yemukati yemwana, yakadzidziswa kutarisa nyika nemaziso emunyori, mhizha. Kunyatsocherechedza, kuongorora, kujekesa mukuongorora zviitiko, vanhu, zviito - zvishoma nezvishoma zvakatanga kufunga kunoshamisa maari.

Dzidzo yemimhanzi yeSlonimsky yakatanga mumakore ekutanga kwehondo muLeningrad, yakaenderera mberi munguva yehondo muPerm uye muMoscow, paCentral Music School; yakapera muLeningrad - pachikoro chemakore gumi, paConservatory pazvikoro zvekuumbwa (1955) uye piyano (1958), uye pakupedzisira, muchikoro chechikoro - mumhanzi dzidziso (1958). Pakati pevadzidzisi veSlonimsky ndiB. Arapov, I. Sherman, V. Shebalin, O. Messner, O. Evlakhov (kuumbwa). Maonero ekuvandudza, rudo rwemitambo yemitambo, chido cheS. Prokofiev, D. Shostakovich, M. Mussorgsky, chinoratidzwa kubva pauduku, zvakanyanya kusarudza mufananidzo wekugadzira wemuvambi weramangwana. Mushure mekunzwa akawanda emhando dzemitambo munguva yehondo muPerm, uko Kirov Theatre yakabviswa, mudiki Slonimsky akavandudza maopera ese, akagadzira mitambo uye sonatas. Uye, zvichida, aizvikudza mumweya wake, kunyange zvazvo akagumbuka kuti muimbi akadaro A. Pazovsky, zvino mutungamiriri mukuru weimba yemitambo, haana kutenda kuti Sergei Slonimsky ane makore gumi akanyora rudo kune ndima dzaLermontov pachake. .

Muna 1943, Slonimsky akatenga mune imwe yezvitoro zveMoscow haberdashery clavier ye opera Lady Macbeth yeMtsensk District - basa rakarambidzwa naShostakovich rakaraswa. Iyo opera yakadzorwa nemusoro uye mazororo paCentral Music School akaziviswa se "Spanking Scene" pasi pekukatyamadzwa uye kusatendera kutarisa kwevadzidzisi. Maonero emimhanzi eSlonimsky akakura nekukurumidza, mimhanzi yenyika yakatorwa nemhando nemhando, maitiro nemataera. Chakanyanya kutyisa kumuimbi wechidiki aive 1948, izvo zvakapfupisa nyika yemimhanzi yemazuva ano kune yakamanikana yakaganhurwa nemadziro e "formalism". Kufanana nevaimbi vese vechizvarwa chino vakadzidza kuconservatories mushure me1948, akarererwa chete pane classical heritage. Mushure meiyo XNUMX Congress yeCPSU yakaita ongororo yakadzama uye isina rusaruro yetsika yemumhanzi yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX yakatanga. Munyori wechidiki weLeningrad, Moscow akagadzirira zvakanyanya nguva yakarasika. Pamwe chete naL. Prigogine, E. Denisov, A. Schnittke. S. Gubaidulina, vakadzidza kubva kune mumwe nemumwe.

Panguva imwecheteyo, ngano yeRussia yakava chikoro chakakosha cheSlonimsky. Nzendo dzakawanda dzemafolklore - "folklore conservatory," mumashoko emunyori - dzakaitwa mukunzwisisa kwete kwerwiyo chete, asiwo kwechimiro chevanhu, nzira yemusha weRussia. Nekudaro, iyo misimboti yehunyanzvi chinzvimbo cheSlonimsky yaida kuteerera kune hunyanzvi kungano dzemazuva ano dzemudhorobha. Saka nziyo dzevashanyi uye bard nziyo dzema60s dzakapinda mumimhanzi yake. The cantata “Voice from the Chorus” (paA. Blok's st., 1964) ndiyo yekutanga kuedza kubatanidza zvitaera zviri kure kuita imwe hunyanzvi hwese, yakazotsanangurwa naA. Schnittke se“polystylistics”.

Kufunga kwemazuva ano kwehunyanzvi kwakaumbwa naSlonimsky kubva paudiki. Asi ma50 ekupedzisira uye ekutanga 60s ainyanya kukosha. Kukurukurirana zvakanyanya nevadetembi veLeningrad E. Rein, G. Gerbovsky, I. Brodsky, nevatambi M. Kozakov, S. Yursky, naLeninist V. Loginov, mutungamiriri wefirimu G. Poloka, Slonimsky akakurira muboka renyeredzi rematarenda akajeka. Iyo inonyatso sanganisa kukura uye zvakaipa, kuzvininipisa, kusvika pakungwara, uye ushingi, chinzvimbo chehupenyu hunoshanda. Matauriro ake akapinza, akatendeseka anogara achigutsa, anotsigirwa nepfungwa yekururamisira uye erudition huru. Kuseka kwaSergei Slonimsky kwakashata, kwakanyatso, kunamatira semutsara wakanyatsonangana nevanhu.

Slonimsky haasi chete munyori uye piano. Iye akangwara, ane hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza, nyanzvi yemimhanzi (munyori webhuku "Symphony naS. Prokofiev", zvinyorwa pamusoro R. Schumann, G. Mahler, I. Stravinsky, D. Shostakovich, M. Mussorgsky, N. Rimsky-Korsakov, M. Balakirev, hurukuro dzakapinza uye dzakashata pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwemimhanzi yemazuva ano). Iyewo mudzidzisi - purofesa paLeningrad Conservatory, chaizvoizvo, musiki wechikoro chose. Pakati pevadzidzi vake: V. Kobekin, A. Zatin, A. Mrevlov - pamwe chete nhengo dzinopfuura makumi matatu dzeUnion of Composers, kusanganisira musicologists. Mumhanzi uye weruzhinji ane hanya nekusimudzira ndangariro uye kuita mabasa akakanganwa zvisina kufanirwa naM. Mussorgsky, V. Shcherbachev, kunyange R. Schumann, Slonimsky mumwe wevane chiremera chevaimbi veSoviet vemazuva ano.

M. Rytsareva