Bedrich Smetana |

Bedrich Smetana

Sour cream. “The Bartered Bride” Polka (orchestra inotungamirirwa naT. Beecham)

Basa remativi akawanda raB. Smetana rakaiswa pasi pechinangwa chimwe - kusikwa kwenyanzvi yemimhanzi yeCzech. Muimbi akatanhamara, kondakita, mudzidzisi, piano, mutsoropodzi, mumhanzi neruzhinji, Smetana akatamba panguva iyo vanhu veCzech vakazviona serudzi rune yavo, tsika yepakutanga, vachipikisa hutongi hweAustria mune zvematongerwo enyika uye zvemweya.

Rudo rweCzechs rwemimhanzi rwave ruchizivikanwa kubva kare. Hussite liberation movement ye5th century. yakabereka nziyo dzehondo-nziyo; muzana remakore rechitanhatu, vanyori veCzech vakabatsira zvikuru mukusimudzira mimhanzi yekare muWestern Europe. Kuita mimhanzi yemumba - solo violin uye ensemble kuridza - chave chimiro chehupenyu hwevanhuwo zvavo. Vaidawo mimhanzi mumhuri yababa vaSmetana, mubiki wedoro nebasa. Kubva pazera ramakore 6, munyori weramangwana akaridza violin, uye paXNUMX akatamba pachena semupiyano. Mumakore ake echikoro, mukomana anoridza nechido muokestra, anotanga kunyora. Smetana anopedza dzidzo yake yemimhanzi uye yezvidzidzo paPrague Conservatory pasi pekutungamirirwa naI. Proksh, panguva imwechete anovandudza kuridza piyano yake.

Panguva imwe cheteyo (40s), Smetana akasangana naR. Schumann, G. Berlioz naF. Liszt, vakanga vari parwendo muPrague. Zvadaro, Liszt aizokoshesa zvikuru mabasa emuimbi weCzech uye kumutsigira. Kuva pakutanga kwebasa rake pasi pesimba revanodanana (Schumann naF. Chopin), Smetana akanyora mimhanzi yakawanda yepiyano, kunyanya mumhando duku: polkas, bagatelles, impromptu.

Zviitiko zvechimurenga cha1848, umo Smetana akatora chikamu, akawana mhinduro ine moyo munziyo dzake dzehugamba ("Rwiyo rweRusununguko") nekufora. Panguva imwecheteyo, basa rekudzidzisa reSmetana rakatanga muchikoro chaakavhura. Zvisinei, kukundwa kwechimurenga kwakakonzera kuwedzera kwekuita mumutemo weAustria Empire, iyo yakadzivisa zvose Czech. Kutambudzwa kwevakuru vakuru kwakagadzira matambudziko makuru munzira yezvaiitwa naSmetana zvekuda nyika ndokumumanikidza kuti aende kuSweden. Akagara muGothenburg (1856-61).

Kufanana naChopin, uyo akatora chifananidzo chemusha uri kure mumazurkas ake, Smetana anonyora "Memories yeCzech Republic nenzira yemapuranga" yepiyano. Ipapo anotendeukira kumhando yenhetembo ye symphonic. Kutevera Liszt, Smetana anoshandisa zvirongwa kubva kuEurope zvinyorwa zvekare - W. Shakespeare ("Richard III"), F. Schiller ("Musasa weWallenstein"), munyori wechiDanish A. Helenschleger ("Hakon Jarl"). MuGothenburg, Smetana anoita semutungamiri weSosaiti yeClassical Music, mutambi wepiyano, uye ari kuita mabasa ekudzidzisa.

60s - nguva yekukwira kutsva kwesangano renyika muCzech Republic, uye munyori akadzokera kumusha kwake ari kushingaira muhupenyu hweveruzhinji. Smetana akava muvambi weCzech classical opera. Kunyange pakuvhurwa kweimba yemitambo umo vaimbi vaigona kuimba mumutauro wavo, kurwisana kwakasindimara kwaifanira kutsungirirwa. Muna 1862, padanho reSmetana, Provisional Theatre yakavhurwa, uko kwemakore akawanda akashanda semutyairi (1866-74) uye akaronga mimhanzi yake.

Basa reSmetana rinoshanda rakasiyana zvakasiyana maererano nemadingindira nemhando. Opera yekutanga, The Brandenburgers muCzech Republic (1863), inotaura nezve kurwisana nevakundi veGermany muzana remakore ra1866, zviitiko zvechinyakare chiri kure pano zvakanyatsoenderana nezvino. Kutevera nhoroondo-heroic opera, Smetana anonyora merry comedy The Bartered Bride (1868), basa rake rine mukurumbira uye rinonyanya kufarirwa. Kuseka kusingaperi, rudo rwehupenyu, rwiyo-uye-kutamba chimiro chemimhanzi chinochisiyanisa kunyange pakati pemakomiki opera ehafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Iyo inotevera opera, Dalibor (XNUMX), inhamo yehugamba yakanyorwa pahwaro hwengano yekare nezve knight yakasungwa mushongwe yekunzwira tsitsi uye nekuchengetedza vanhu vanopanduka, uye mudiwa wake Milada, anofa achiedza kuponesa Dalibor.

Pachirongwa chaSmetana, nyika yese fundraiser yakaitirwa kuvakwa kweNational Theatre, iyo yakavhurwa muna 1881 nekutanga kweiyo opera yake nyowani Libuse (1872). Iyi epic nezve ane mukurumbira muvambi wePrague, Libuse, nezvevanhu veCzech. Munyori wacho akaudana kuti “mufananidzo wakanaka.” Uye ikozvino muCzechoslovakia kune tsika yekuita iyi opera pamazororo enyika, kunyanya zviitiko zvinokosha. Mushure me "Libushe" Smetana anonyora kunyanya maopera: "Chirikadzi mbiri", "Kiss", "Mystery". Sezvo ari mutevedzeri weopera, anokurudzira kwete chete Czech asiwo mimhanzi yekunze, kunyanya zvikoro zvitsva zveSlavic (M. Glinka, S. Moniuszko). M. Balakirev akakokwa kubva kuRussia kuti aite mitambo yeGlinka muPrague.

Smetana akazova musiki we kwete chete national classical opera, asiwo symphony. Kupfuura symphony, anokwezvwa nepurogiramu yenhetembo yesymphonic. Kubudirira kwepamusoro kweSmetana mumhanzi weorchestral kunogadzirwa muma70s. kutenderera kwe symphonic nhetembo "My Motherland" - epic nezvenyika yeCzech, vanhu vayo, nhoroondo. Nhetembo "Vysehrad" (Vysehrad chikamu chekare chePrague, "guta guru remachinda nemadzimambo eCzech Republic") ingano inotaura nezvehugamba hwekare uye hukuru hwekare hwenyika yaamai.

Mimhanzi ine mavara erudo munhetembo "Vltava, Kubva kuCzech minda nemasango" inodhirowa mifananidzo yemasikirwo, emahara expanses yenyika yekuzvarwa, kuburikidza iyo manzwi enziyo nekutamba anotakurwa. Mu "Sharka" tsika dzekare uye ngano dzinouya kuhupenyu. "Tabhori" uye "Blanik" vanotaura nezvemagamba eHussite, vanoimba "mbiri yenyika yeCzech."

Dingindira renyika yekumusha rakaiswawo mumhanzi wekamuri piano: "Czech Dances" muunganidzwa wemifananidzo yehupenyu hwevanhu, ine marudzi ese emhando dzekutamba muCzech Republic (polka, skochna, furiant, coysedka, nezvimwewo).

Mumhanzi wekugadzira waSmetana wagara uchisanganiswa neakasimba uye anosiyana-siyana zviitiko zvemagariro - kunyanya panguva yehupenyu hwake muPrague (60s - yekutanga hafu ye70s). Saka, hutungamiriri hweVerb yePrague Choral Society yakabatsira mukusikwa kwemabasa mazhinji ekwaya (kusanganisira nhetembo inoshamisa yaJan Hus, Vatasvi Vatatu Vamabhiza). Smetana inhengo yeMubatanidzwa Wevane mukurumbira Figures yeCzech Tsika "Handy Beseda" uye anotungamira chikamu chayo chemimhanzi.

Muimbi aiva mumwe wevatangi vePhilharmonic Society, iyo yakaita kuti vanhu vadzidze mumhanzi, kuzivana nekirasi uye zvitsva zvemimhanzi yemumba, pamwe nechikoro cheCzech chezwi, umo iye pachake akadzidza nevaimbi. Pakupedzisira, Smetana anoshanda semutsoropodzi wemimhanzi uye anoenderera mberi achiita semupiyano wevirtuoso. Chirwere chakanyanya chekutya chete uye kurasikirwa kwekunzwa (1874) kwakamanikidza munyori kusiya basa paimba yeopera uye akaganhura kuwanda kwezviitiko zvake zvekushamwaridzana.

Smetana akabva kuPrague ndokunogara mumusha weJabkenice. Zvisinei, anoramba achinyora zvakawanda (anopedzisa kutenderera "My Motherland", anonyora maoperas ekupedzisira). Sekare (kare mumakore ekutama kweSweden, kusuwa pamusoro pekufa kwemukadzi wake nemwanasikana kwakaguma nepiyano trio), Smetana anomiririra zvaakasangana nazvo mukamuri-zviridzwa zvemhando. Iyo quartet "Kubva kuHupenyu Hwangu" (1876) inogadzirwa - nyaya ine chekuita neramangwana rako, isingaparadzaniswe kubva kumagumo ehunyanzvi hweCzech. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe che quartet chine tsanangudzo yepurogiramu nemunyori. Vechidiki vane tariro, kugadzirira "kurwa muhupenyu", ndangariro dzemazuva ekunakidzwa, kutamba uye kuvandudzwa kwemimhanzi mumasaroni, manzwiro ekudetemba erudo rwekutanga uye, pakupedzisira, "mufaro pakutarisa nzira yakafamba muunyanzvi hwenyika". Asi zvese zvinonyudzwa neruzha rusinganzwisisike - seyambiro inotyisa.

Pamusoro pemabasa atotaurwa emakore gumi apfuura, Smetana anonyora opera The Dhiabhorosi Wall, iyo symphonic suite The Prague Carnival, uye anotanga kushanda pa opera Viola (yakavakirwa paShakespeare's comedy Twelth Night), iyo yakadziviswa kupera ne kukura kwechirwere. Mamiriro akaoma emunyori mumakore achangopfuura akajekeswa nekuzivikanwa kwebasa rake nevanhu veCzech, vaakatsaurira basa rake.

K. Zenkin

Smetana akasimbisa uye neshungu kudzivirira yakakwirira yenyika hunyanzvi mamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara munharaunda, muhupenyu hwakazara nemutambo. Somuimbi akangwara, mutambi wepiyano, kondakita nenziyo nemukurumbira wevanhu vose, akazvipira kuita basa rake rose nesimba kuti akudzwe vanhu vekwake.

Hupenyu hweSmetana isimba rekugadzira. Aiva nechido chisingachinji uye kutsungirira mukuzadzisa chinangwa chake, uye pasinei nekuoma kwehupenyu hwose, akakwanisa kuzadzisa zvirongwa zvake. Uye zvirongwa izvi zvakaiswa pasi kune imwe pfungwa huru - kubatsira vanhu veCzech nemimhanzi muhondo yavo yehugamba yerusununguko uye rusununguko, kuisa mavari pfungwa yekusimba uye tariro, kutenda mukukunda kwekupedzisira kwechikonzero chakarurama.

Smetana akatsungirira basa iri rakaoma, rine mutoro, nokuti akanga ari mukati mehupenyu hwakaoma, achishingaira kupindura kune zvemagariro netsika zvenguva yedu. Nebasa rake, pamwe chete nemagariro evanhu, akabatsira mukubudirira kusati kwamboitika kwete kwemimhanzi chete, asi zvakanyanya - yetsika yose yeunyanzvi yenyika yaamai. Ndicho chikonzero zita rokuti Smetana rinoyera kune veCzechs, uye mimhanzi yake, semureza wehondo, inomutsa pfungwa yepamutemo yekudada kwenyika.

Iyo nyanzvi yeSmetana haina kuratidzwa pakarepo, asi zvishoma nezvishoma yakakura. Shanduko yemuna 1848 yakamubatsira kuziva magariro ake nehunyanzvi. Kutanga kuma1860s, pachikumbaridzo chemakore makumi mana ekuzvarwa kwaSmetana, zviitiko zvake zvakatora nzvimbo yakafara zvisingaite: akatungamira makonzati esymphony muPrague semutyairi, akatungamira imba yeopera, akaitwa semupiyano, uye akanyora zvinyorwa zvinonetsa. Asi zvinonyanya kukosha, nehunyanzvi hwake, anovhura nzira dzechokwadi dzekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwemimhanzi yemumba. Mabasa ake airatidza hukuru hwakatokura, husingadzoreki, pasinei nezvipingamupinyi zvose, kushuva rusununguko rwevanhu vokuCzech vari muuranda.

Mukati mehondo inotyisa nemasimba ekuita kwevanhu, Smetana akatambura nhamo, yakaipisisa kupfuura iyo isina kuipa kune muimbi: akangoerekana ava matsi. Panguva iyoyo akanga ava nemakore makumi mashanu. Aine kutambura kwakanyanya mumuviri, Smetana akararama mamwe makore gumi, ayo aakapedza mubasa rakasimba rokusika.

Kuita basa rakamira, asi basa rekugadzira rakaenderera mberi nechisimba chakafanana. Kuti urege kurangarira sei Beethoven mune iyi hukama - shure kwezvose, nhoroondo yemimhanzi haizivi mimwe mienzaniso inoshamisa mukuratidzwa kwehukuru hwemweya wemuimbi, akashinga munhamo! ..

Izvo zvakanyanya kubudirira zveSmetana zvakabatana nemunda we opera uye chirongwa symphony.

Semugari ane hanya, atanga mabasa ake ekugadzirisa mu1860s, Smetana akatanga ashandura opera, nekuti maive munharaunda iyi kuti nyaya dzekukurumidzira, dzemusoro dzekuumbwa kwetsika yenyika dzakagadziriswa. "Basa guru uye rakanakisa reimba yedu yeopera kusimudzira hunyanzvi hwepamba," akadaro. Zvizhinji zvehupenyu zvinoratidzwa muzvisikwa zvake zvisere zve opera, mhando dzakasiyana dze opera art dzakagadziriswa. Imwe neimwe yadzo inomisikidzwa neyakasiyana maficha, asi ese ane chinhu chimwe chete chakanyanya - mumitambo yeSmetana, mifananidzo yevanhuwo zvavo veCzech Republic nemagamba ayo ane mbiri, ane pfungwa nemanzwiro ari padyo neakasiyana-siyana evateereri, akava mupenyu.

Smetana zvakare akatendeukira kumunda wechirongwa chesymphonism. Yakanga iri kongiri yemifananidzo yemimhanzi yepurogiramu isina mavara yakabvumira munyori kuti abudise pfungwa dzake dzekuda nyika kune mhomho yevateereri. Chikuru pakati pavo ndeye symphonic cycle "My Motherland". Iri basa rakaita basa rakakura mukusimudzira mimhanzi yeCzech.

Smetana akasiyawo mamwe mabasa mazhinji - ekwaya isina anoperekedzwa, piyano, tambo quartet, zvichingodaro. Chero rudzi rweunyanzvi hwemimhanzi hwaakashandura, zvese zvakabatwa neruoko rwatenzi zvakabudirira sechiitiko chenyika chepakutanga, chakamira padanho repamusoro. budiriro yenyika mumhanzi tsika muzana XIX remakore.

Inokumbira kuenzanisa yenhoroondo yebasa raSmetana mukugadzirwa kweCzech musical classics nezvakaitwa naGlinka kumumhanzi weRussia. Hazvishamisi kuti Smetana anonzi "Czech Glinka".

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Bedrich Smetana akaberekwa munaKurume 2, 1824 mutaundi rekare reLitomysl, riri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBohemia. Baba vake vakashanda semubiki wedoro panzvimbo yekuverenga. Nokufamba kwemakore, mhuri yacho yakakura, baba vacho vaifanira kutsvaka migariro yakanaka zvikuru yebasa, uye vaiwanzobva panzvimbo nenzvimbo. Ose iwawo akanga ari mataundi maduku, akapoteredzwa nemisha nemisha, iyo Bedrich muduku aigaroshanyira; hupenyu hwevarimi, nziyo dzavo nematambiro aizivikanwa kwaari kubva paudiki. Akachengeta rudo rwake kuvanhuwo zvavo veCzech Republic kwehupenyu hwake hwese.

Baba vemunyori weramangwana aiva munhu akakurumbira: akaverenga zvakawanda, aifarira zvematongerwo enyika, uye aifarira pfungwa dzevanomutsa. Mimhanzi yaiwanzoridzwa mumba, iye pachake airidza violin. Hazvishamisi kuti mukomana wacho akaratidzawo kufarira kwepakutanga mumimhanzi, uye pfungwa dzababa vake dzinofambira mberi dzakapa migumisiro inoshamisa mumakore akakura ebasa raSmetana.

Kubva pazera ramakore mana, Bedřich anga achidzidzira kuridza violin, uye zvinobudirira zvekuti gore rakatevera anotora chikamu mukuita kweHaydn's quartets. Kwemakore matanhatu anoridza pachena semuimbi wepiyano uye panguva imwe chete anoedza kunyora mimhanzi. Paanenge achidzidza paimba yekurovedza muviri, munzvimbo ine hushamwari, anowanzo vandudza matambiro (yakanaka uye inonzwika Louisina Polka, 1840, yakachengetedzwa); anoridza piyano nokungwarira. Muna 1843, Bedrich anonyora mashoko okudada mudhayari rake: “Nebetsero yaMwari nengoni, ndichava Liszt muunyanzvi, Mozart mukunyora. Chisarudzo chaibva: anofanira kuzvipira zvachose kumimhanzi.

Mukomana ane makore gumi nemanomwe okukura anotamira kuPrague, anogara ruoko nemuromo - baba vake havasi kugutsikana nemwanakomana wavo, vanoramba kumubatsira. Asi Bedrich akazviwana ari mutungamiriri akakodzera - mudzidzisi ane mukurumbira Josef Proksh, waakaronzesa ramangwana rake. Makore mana ezvidzidzo (1844-1847) aive nezvibereko zvakanyanya. Kuumbwa kwaSmetana semuimbi kwakafambiswawo nekuti muPrague akakwanisa kuteerera Liszt (1840), Berlioz (1846), Clara Schumann (1847).

Pakazosvika 1848, makore ekudzidza akanga apera. Chii chiri mugumisiro wavo?

Kunyange muhuduku hwake, Smetana aifarira mimhanzi ye ballroom nemitambo yevanhu - akanyora waltzes, quadrilles, gallops, polkas. Akanga ari, zvingaita, maererano netsika dzevanyori vemasaloni. Pesvedzero yaChopin, nekugona kwake kuchenjera kududzira nhetembo mifananidzo yekutamba, yakakanganiswawo. Mukuwedzera, muimbi wechidiki weCzech akashuvira.

Akanyorawo mitambo yerudo - rudzi rwe "landscapes of moods", inowira pasi pesimba raSchumann, chikamu cheMendelssohn. Nekudaro, Smetana ane yakasimba classic "sourdough". Anoyemura Mozart, uye munziyo dzake huru dzekutanga (piano sonatas, orchestral overtures) anovimba naBeethoven. Kunyange zvakadaro, Chopin ari pedyo naye. Uye semupiyano, anowanzotamba mabasa ake, ari, maererano naHans Bülow, mumwe weakanakisisa "Chopinists" yenguva yake. Uye gare gare, muna 1879, Smetana akati: "Kuna Chopin, kumabasa ake, ndine chikwereti chebudiriro iyo makonzati angu ainakidzwa, uye kubva panguva yandakadzidza nekunzwisisa nziyo dzake, mabasa angu ekugadzira mune ramangwana akajeka kwandiri."

Saka, pazera remakore makumi maviri nemana, Smetana akanga atoziva zvakakwana zvose kuumba uye pianistic unyanzvi. Aingoda kuwana chikumbiro chemasimba ake, uye nekuda kweizvi zvaive nani kuzviziva.

Panguva iyoyo, Smetana akanga avhura chikoro chemimhanzi, icho chakamupa mukana wekuve neimwe nzira. Akanga ari pedyo nekuroorana (yakaitika muna 1849) - unofanira kufunga nezvekupa mhuri yako yemberi. Muna 1847, Smetana akaita rwendo rwekonzati munyika yose, izvo, zvisinei, hazvina kuzviruramisa. Chokwadi, muPrague pachayo anozivikanwa uye anokosheswa semuimbi wepiyano uye mudzidzisi. Asi Smetana munyori anenge asingazivikanwe zvachose. Mukupererwa nezano rose, anotendeukira kuna Liszt nokuda kwebetsero mukunyora, achibvunza nenzira inosuruvarisa, kuti: “Ndiani angavimba nenyanzvi kana asiri muimbi mumwe chetewo sezvaari iye amene? Vapfumi - ava vakuru - tarisa murombo pasina tsitsi: ngaafe nenzara! ..». Smetana akabatanidza ake "Matanhatu maitiro zvidimbu" zvepiyano kune iyo tsamba.

Muparidzi anokudzwa wezvese zvakafambira mberi muunyanzvi, ane rupo nerubatsiro, Liszt akabva apindura muimbi wechidiki kusvika panguva ino asingazivikanwi kwaari: "Ndinoona mitambo yako seyakanakisisa, inonzwa zvakadzama uye yakagadziridzwa zvakanaka pane zvose zvandakakwanisa kuzivana nazvo. mazuva ano.” Liszt akabatsira pakuti mitambo iyi yakadhindwa (yakabudiswa muna 1851 ikamaka op. 1). Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, tsigiro yake yetsika yakaperekedza zvese zvekugadzira zveSmetana. “Pepa racho,” akadaro, “rakandisuma kunyika yokudhirowa. Asi mamwe makore mazhinji achapfuura kudzamara Smetana akwanisa kuwana kuzivikanwa munyika ino. Zviitiko zvechimurenga zve1848 zvakashanda sekusimudzira.

Chimurenga chakapa mapapiro kumuimbi weCzech, akamupa simba, akamubatsira kuti aone mabasa epfungwa uye ehunyanzvi ayo airamba achiiswa mberi neicho chazvino. Chapupu uye akapinda zvakananga mumhirizhonga yechisimba yakatsvaira Prague, Smetana munguva pfupi akanyora akati wandei emabasa akakosha: "Maviri eChimurenga Marwisi" epiyano, "Kurume weLegion yeVadzidzi", "Kurume veNational Guard", "Rwiyo. yeRusununguko” yekwaya nepiyano, overture” D-dur (Kupfuudza kwacho kwakaitwa pasi penhungamiro yaF. Shkroup muna Kubvumbi 1849. “Iri ndiro rwiyo rwangu rwekutanga rwekuimba,” Smetana akadaro muna 1883; akabva aidzokorora.) .

Nemabasa aya, pathos inotangwa mumhanzi waSmetana, unozove wakajairika pakududzira kwake rusununguko-rudo rwekuda nyika mifananidzo. Kufora nenziyo dzeChimurenga cheFrance pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, pamwe nehugamba hwaBeethoven, hwakave nepesvedzero inooneka pakuumbwa kwayo. Pane chiitiko, kunyangwe nekunyara, chesimba rerwiyo rweCzech rwiyo, rakazvarwa nesangano reHussite. Imba yenyika yekuchengetedza ye sublime pathos, zvisinei, ichazviratidza zvakajeka chete munguva yakakura yebasa raSmetana.

Basa rake guru raitevera raive Solemn Symphony muE guru, rakanyorwa muna 1853 uye rakatanga kuita makore maviri gare gare richitungamirwa nemunyori. (Uku ndiko kwaive kuita kwake kwekutanga sekondakita). Asi pakutumira pfungwa dzakakura, munyori haasati akwanisa kuratidza humbowo huzere hwehunhu hwake hwekusika. Sangano rechitatu rakazove rakanyanyisa - scherzo mumweya wepolka; gare gare yaiwanzoitwa sechikamu chakazvimirira cheochestra. Smetana pachake akakurumidza kuona kuderera kwe symphony yake uye haana kutendeukira kune iyi genre. Waaishanda naye mudiki, Dvořák, akava musiki wenziyo yenyika yeCzech.

Aya aive makore ekutsvaga kwakadzama kwekugadzira. Vakadzidzisa Smetana zvakawanda. Kunyanya aive akaremerwa nechikamu chidiki chedzidziso. Mukuwedzera, mufaro wemunhu wakavharwa: akanga atova baba vevana vana, asi vatatu vavo vakafa vachiri vacheche. Muimbi wacho akatora pfungwa dzake dzinosuwisa dzakakonzerwa nekufa kwavo mug-moll piyano trio, ine mimhanzi inoratidzirwa nekupandukira impetuosity, mutambo uye panguva imwechete yakapfava, yerudzi rwekunaka.

Upenyu muPrague hwakarwara naSmetana. Akange asisakwanise kuramba ari mariri apo rima rekuita rakanyanya kudzika muCzech Republic. Pazano reshamwari, Smetana anoenda kuSweden. Asati aenda, pakupedzisira akazivana naLiszt pachake; ipapo, muna 1857 uye 1859, akamushanyira muna Weimar, muna 1865 - muna Budapest, uye Liszt, uyewo, paakauya kuPrague muna 60-70s, nguva dzose akashanyira Smetana. Nokudaro, ushamwari pakati pemuimbi mukuru weHungary uye munyori weCzech anoyevedza hwakawedzera kusimba. Vakaunzwa pamwechete kwete chete nehunyanzvi hwekuita: vanhu veHungary neCzech Republic vaive nemuvengi akafanana - humambo hwaivengwa hweAustria hweHabsburgs.

Kwemakore mashanu (1856-1861) Smetana aive kune imwe nyika, achigara zvakanyanya mugungwa reSweden guta reGothenburg. Pano akatanga basa rakasimba: akaronga symphony orchestra, iyo yaakaita semutyairi, akabudirira kupa makonzati semupiyano (muSweden, Germany, Denmark, Holland), uye aiva nevadzidzi vakawanda. Uye nenzira yekusika, nguva iyi yakave nezvibereko: kana 1848 yakakonzera shanduko yakasimba mukuona kwenyika yeSmetana, kusimbisa zvinhu zvinofambira mberi mairi, saka makore akashandiswa kune dzimwe nyika akabatsira pakusimbiswa kwezvinangwa zvake zvenyika uye, panguva imwe chete. kukura kweunyanzvi. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mukati memakore aya, achishuvira nyika yake, Smetana akazoziva basa rake semuenzi weCzech Republic.

Basa rake rekunyora rakagadzirwa mumativi maviri.

Kune rimwe divi, zviedzo zvakatanga kare pakusikwa kwezvimedu zvepiyano, zvakafukidzwa nenhetembo yekutamba kweCzech, yakaenderera. Saka, kumashure muna 1849, kutenderera kwe "Wedding Scenes" kwakanyorwa, iyo makore mazhinji gare gare Smetana pachake akarondedzera seakazvarwa mu "chechokwadi Czech maitiro." Kuedza kwakaenderera mberi mune imwe piyano kutenderera - "Memories yeCzech Republic, yakanyorwa nenzira yepolka" (1859). Pano nheyo dzenyika dzemimhanzi yeSmetana dzakaiswa, asi kunyanya mukududzirwa kwenziyo uye kwezuva nezuva.

Kune rimwe divi, nhetembo nhatu dzesymphonic dzakakosha pakushanduka kwake kwehunyanzvi: Richard III (1858, zvichibva panjodzi yaShakespeare), Camp yaWallenstein (1859, yakavakirwa pamutambo wakaitwa naSchiller), Jarl Hakon (1861, zvichibva panjodzi iyi. wemudetembi wechiDanish - rudo rwaHelenschläger). Vakavandudza nzira dzepamusoro dzebasa raSmetana, rakabatana nemufananidzo wehugamba uye mifananidzo inoshamisa.

Chekutanga, madingindira emabasa aya akakosha: Smetana akafadzwa nepfungwa yehondo yechishanu yechishanu yekurwisana nevapambi vesimba, yakanyatsoratidzwa mumabhuku anoumba hwaro hwenhetembo dzake (nenzira, zano uye mifananidzo yenjodzi yeDane Elenschleger echo Shakespeare's Macbeth), uye zvinwiwa zvine muto kubva kuhupenyu hwevanhu, kunyanya muSchiller's "Wallenstein Camp", iyo, maererano nemunyori, inogona kunzwika yakakosha mumakore ekudzvinyirirwa kwehutsinye kwenyika yake.

Pfungwa yemimhanzi yezvinyorwa zvitsva zveSmetana zvakare yaive itsva: akatendeukira kumhando ye "symphonic poems", yakagadzirwa nguva pfupi yapfuura naLiszt. Aya ndiwo matanho ekutanga eCzech tenzi mukuziva mikana inoratidzira yakavhurika kwaari mumunda wechirongwa symphony. Uyezve, Smetana akanga asiri muteveri webofu wepfungwa dzaLiszt - akagadzira nzira dzake dzekugadzira, pfungwa yake yejuxtaposition uye kukura kwemifananidzo yemimhanzi, iyo yaakazobatanidza nekukwana kunoshamisa mumutambo we symphonic "My Motherland".

Uye mune mamwe maitiro, nhetembo dze "Gothenburg" dzaive nzira dzakakosha dzekugadzirisa mabasa matsva ekugadzira ayo Smetana akazvigadzirira. Nzira dzakakwirira nemutambo wemumhanzi wavo unotarisira musambo wenziyo dzeDalibor neLibuše, ukuwo zvibodzwa zvinofadza kubva kuWallenstein's Camp, zvichipfachuka nekufara, zvine ruvara rweCzech flavour, zvinoita sechiratidzo chekupidigura kuMuroora Akabaiwa. Nokudaro, zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zvebasa raSmetana rataurwa pamusoro apa, vanhu-mazuva ose uye vanonzwisa tsitsi, vakaswedera pedyo, vachipfumisana.

Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, akatogadzirira kuzadzikiswa kwemabasa matsva, anotonyanya ane mutoro wepfungwa nehunyanzvi. Asi zvinogona kuitwa chete kumba. Aidawo kudzokera kuPrague nekuti ndangariro dzinorema dzakabatana neGothenburg: nhamo itsva yakashata yakawira Smetana - muna 1859, mudzimai wake waaida akarwara zvekufa pano uye pasina nguva akafa ...

Muchirimo cha1861, Smetana akadzokera kuPrague kuti asabve muguta guru reCzech Republic kusvika pakupera kwemazuva ake.

Ane makore makumi matatu nemanomwe ekuberekwa. Azere nekusika. Makore akanga apfuura akapfavisa kuda kwake, akapfumisa upenyu hwake nounyanzvi hwounyanzvi, uye akasimbisa kuzvivimba kwake. Anoziva zvaanofanira kumiririra, zvaanofanira kuwana. Muimbi akadaro akadanwa nemagumo pachake kuti atungamirire hupenyu hwemimhanzi hwePrague uye, zvakare, kuvandudza chimiro chese chetsika dzemimhanzi yeCzech Republic.

Izvi zvakafambiswa nekumutsiridzwa kwemamiriro ezvemagariro evanhu nemagariro evanhu munyika. Mazuva e "Bach's reaction" apera. Manzwi evamiriri vevanofambira mberi Czech artic intelligentsia ari kukura akasimba. Muna 1862, iyo inonzi "Provisional Theatre" yakavhurwa, yakavakwa nemari yevanhu, uko mitambo yemimhanzi inoitwa. Nenguva isipi iyo "Crafty Talk" - "Art Club" - yakatanga chiitiko chayo, ichiunza pamwe vanofarira nyika - vanyori, maartist, vaimbi. Panguva imwecheteyo, sangano rekwaya riri kurongwa - "The Verb of Prague", iyo yakanyora pamureza wayo mazwi ane mukurumbira: "Rwiyo kumoyo, moyo kunyika."

Smetana ndiwo mweya wemasangano ese aya. Anotungamira chikamu chemimhanzi che "Art Club" (vanyori vanotungamirwa naNeruda, maartist - naManes), anoronga makonti pano - chamber uye symphony, anoshanda ne "Verb" kwaya, uye nebasa rake rinobatsira mukubudirira kweiyo. "Provisional Theatre" (makore mashomanana gare gare uye somuitisi).

Mukuedza kumutsa kudada kwenyika yeCzech mumhanzi wake, Smetana aiwanzoonekwa achidhindwa. "Vanhu vedu," akanyora kudaro, "vane mukurumbira sevanhu vanoimba, uye basa remuimbi, rinokurudzirwa nerudo rwenyika yaamai, nderekusimbisa kubwinya uku."

Uye mune chimwe chinyorwa chakanyorwa pamusoro pekunyoreswa kwemakonzati esymphony akarongwa naye (ichi chaive chitsva chevanhu vePrague!), Smetana akati: "Zvirongwa zveunyanzvi zvemabhuku emimhanzi zvinosanganisirwa, asi kutariswa kwakanyanya kunobhadharwa kune vaimbi vechiSlavic. Sei asina kuitwa mabasa eRussia, Polish, South Slavic vanyori? Kunyangwe mazita evanyori vedu vekumba aisawanzosangana ... ". Mashoko aSmetana haana kusiyana nemabasa ake: muna 1865 akaita mabasa eGlinka orchestral, muna 1866 akaita Ivan Susanin paProvisional Theatre, uye muna 1867 Ruslan naLyudmila (vakakoka Balakirev kuPrague), muna 1878 - opera yaMoniuszko " Hurungudo”, nezvimwewo.

Panguva imwecheteyo, ma60s anoratidza nguva yekutumbuka kwepamusoro kwebasa rake. Panenge panguva imwe chete, aive nepfungwa yemitambo mina, uye paakangopedza imwe, akaenderera mberi nekunyora inotevera. Mukufanana, kwaya dzakasikirwa "Verb" (Kwaya yekutanga kune chinyorwa cheCzech yakagadzirwa muna 1860 ("Czech Song"). Mabasa makuru ekwaya aSmetana ndiRolnicka (1868), anoimba nezvebasa remurombo, uye akakudziridzwa, ane mavara Rwiyo neGungwa (1877). Pakati pezvimwe zvinyorwa, rwiyo rwenziyo "Dowry" (1880) uye kufara, kufara "Rwiyo Rwedu" (1883), rwakatsigirwa murwiyo rwepolka, rwakasiyana.), zvidimbu zvepiyano, mabasa makuru esymphonic akaonekwa.

MaBrandenburgers muCzech Republic ndiro zita rekutanga opera yaSmetana, yakapera muna 1863. Inomutsa zviitiko zvenguva yakapfuura, kubvira muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Zvakadaro, zvirimo zvine basa zvakanyanya. Brandenburgers madzishe eGermany (anobva kuMargraviate yeBrandenburg), akapamba nyika dzeSlavic, akatsika-tsika kodzero uye chiremera cheCzechs. Saka zvaive munguva yakapfuura, asi yakaramba yakadaro munguva yehupenyu hwaSmetana - shure kwezvose, vanhu venguva yake vakanyanya kurwisana neGermanyization yeCzech Republic! Mutambo unonakidza mukuratidza mafambiro evatambi wakabatanidzwa mu opera nekuratidzwa kwehupenyu hwevanhuwo zvavo - varombo vePrague vakabatwa nemweya wekupandukira, yaive hunyanzvi hwekushinga mumitambo yemitambo. Hazvishamisi kuti basa iri rakasangana neruvengo nevamiriri vemaitiro evanhu.

Opera yakaendeswa kumakwikwi akaziviswa nedhipatimendi reProvisional Theatre. Makore matatu aifanira kurwira kugadzirwa kwake pachikuva. Smetana akazogamuchira mubairo uye akakokwa kuimba yemitambo semukuru conductor. Muna 1866, iyo yekutanga yeBrandenburgers yakaitika, iyo yakave kubudirira kukuru - munyori akadzokororwa achidanwa mushure mekuita kwega kwega. Kubudirira kwakaperekedzwa nemitambo inotevera (mumwaka chete, "The Brandenburgers" yakaitika kagumi neina!).

Iyi yekutanga yakanga isati yapera, apo kugadzirwa kwechinyorwa chitsva naSmetana chakatanga kugadzirirwa - comic opera The Bartered Bride, iyo yakanga yamukudza kwose kwose. Mapepa ekutanga ayo akadhirowewa kare muna 1862, gore rakatevera Smetana akaita zvakapfuura mune imwe yemakonzati ake. Basa racho raive nenharo, asi munyori akadzokorora nhamba dzemunhu kakawanda: sekutaura kwakaita shamwari dzake, aive akanyanya "Czechized", ndiko kuti, ainyanya kunyudzwa nemweya wechiCzech, zvekuti akange asisakwanise kugutsikana. nezvaakanga awana kare. Smetana akaenderera mberi nekuvandudza opera yake kunyangwe mushure mekugadzirwa kwayo muchirimo cha1866 (mwedzi mishanu mushure mekutanga kweThe Brandenburgers!): mumakore mana akatevera, akapa mamwe maviri editions eThe Bartered Bride, achiwedzera nekudzamisa zvinyorwa zvake. basa risingafi.

Asi vavengi veSmetana havana kukotsira. Vakanga vangomirira mukana wekuti vamurwise pachena. Mukana wakadaro wakazviratidza apo muna 1868 opera yechitatu yaSmetana, Dalibor, yakaitwa (basa pairi rakatanga kare muna 1865). Chirongwa ichi, sezvakaita muBrandenburgers, chinotorwa munhoroondo yeCzech Republic: panguva ino iko kupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Mune ngano yekare pamusoro peanokudzwa knight Dalibor, Smetana akasimbisa pfungwa yehondo yerusununguko.

Pfungwa itsva yakasarudza nzira dzisina kujairika dzekutaura. Vashori vaSmetana vakamudaidza saWagnerian ane hasha uyo anonzi akaramba hunhu hwenyika-Czech. "Handina chinhu kubva kuna Wagner," Smetana akapikisa nehasha. "Kunyange Liszt achasimbisa izvi." Kunyanguvezvo, kutambudzwa kwacho kwakawedzera, denho dzacho dzakawedzera zvikuru. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo opera yakangomhanya katanhatu chete uye yakabviswa kubva kune repertoire.

(Muna 1870, "Dalibor" yakapiwa katatu, muna 1871 - kaviri, muna 1879 - katatu; kubva muna 1886, mushure mekufa kwaSmetana, kufarira mune iyi opera kwakamutsidzirwa. Gustav Mahler akakoshesa zvikuru, uye paakakokwa. kutungamirira kondakita weVienna Opera, akarayira kuti "Dalibor" iitwe, kutanga kwe opera kwakaitika muna 1897. Makore maviri gare gare, akaridza pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaE. Napravnik paSt. Petersburg Mariinsky Theater.)

Iro raiva dambudziko rakasimba kuna Smetana: akanga asingakwanisi kuzviyananisa nemafungiro asina kunaka akadaro kuvana vake vaaida uye akatotsamwira shamwari dzake apo, vachirumbidza kurumbidzwa kweMwenga Wakatengeswa, vakakanganwa nezveDalibor.

Asi akatsunga uye akashinga mukutsvaga kwake, Smetana anoenderera mberi achishanda pane yechina opera - "Libuse" (yekutanga mifananidzo yakadzokera ku1861, iyo libretto yakapedzwa muna 1866). Iyi inyaya huru yakavakirwa pangano yemutongi akachenjera weBohemia yekare. Mabasa ake anoimbwa nevadetembi nevaimbi vakawanda vechiCzech; zviroto zvavo zvinopenya zvikuru pamusoro peramangwana renyika yokumusha kwavo zvakabatanidzwa nedanidzo yaLibuse yekubatana kwenyika uye simba retsika revanhu vakadzvinyirirwa. Saka, Erben akaisa mumuromo make chiporofita chizere nerevo yakadzama:

Ndinoona kupenya, ndinorwa hondo, Chisvo chinopinza chichabaya chipfuva chako, Unoziva nhamo nerima redongo, Asi usaora mwoyo, vanhu vangu veCzech!

Pakazosvika 1872 Smetana akanga apedza opera yake. Asi akaramba kuigadzira. Chokwadi ndechokuti mhemberero huru yenyika yakanga ichigadzirwa. Kare muna 1868, kuiswa kwenheyo yeNational Theatre kwakaitika, iyo yaifanirwa kutsiva nzvimbo yakamanikana yeProvisional Theatre. "Vanhu - ivo pachavo" - pasi pechirevo chekuzvikudza chakadaro, mari yakaunganidzwa pakuvakwa kwechivako chitsva. Smetana akafunga kuronga nguva yekutanga ye "Libuše" kuti ienderane nemhemberero yenyika iyi. Muna 1881 chete mikova yeimba yemitambo itsva yakavhurwa. Smetana akabva atadza kunzwa opera yake: aive matsi.

Iyo yakaipisisa yematambudziko ose akarova Smetana - matsi akangoerekana amubata muna 1874. Kusvika pakuguma, kushanda nesimba, kutambudzwa kwevavengi, avo vane hutsinye vakatora zvombo kurwisana naSmetana, vakakonzera chirwere chakakomba chetsinga dzekunzwa uye a ngwavaira yakaipa. Upenyu hwake hwakava hwakamonyana, asi mwoyo wake wakasimba hauna kuputswa. Ndaifanira kurega kuita mabasa, kubva kure nebasa revanhu, asi masimba ekugadzira haana kupera - munyori akaramba achigadzira zvisikwa zvinoshamisa.

Mugore renjodzi, Smetana akapedza opera yake yechishanu, The Chirikadzi mbiri, iyo yakabudirira zvikuru; inoshandisa inosetsa kubva kuhupenyu hwemazuva ano manor.

Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo monumental symphonic cycle "My Motherland" yakanga ichiumbwa. Nhetembo mbiri dzekutanga - "Vyshegrad" uye "Vltava" - dzakapedzwa mumwedzi yakaoma zvikuru, apo vanachiremba vakaona chirwere cheSmetana sechisingagoni kurapwa. Muna 1875 "Sharka" uye "Kubva Bohemian Fields and Woods" dzakatevera; muna 1878-1879 - Tabor naBlanik. Muna 1882, conductor Adolf Cech akaita kutenderera kwese kekutanga, uye kunze kweCzech Republic - yatova muma90s - yakasimudzirwa naRichard Strauss.

Basa rakaenderera mberi mumhando yeopera. Mukurumbira wakada kuenzana neuyo weMwenga Akadziviswa wakawanwa nenziyo-yezuva nezuva opera The Kiss (1875-1876), pakati payo pane mufananidzo wakachena wemusikana ari nyore Vendulka; opera rinonzi Chakavanzika (1877-1878), iro rakaimbawo nezvokuvimbika murudo, rakagamuchirwa noushamwari; zvishoma kubudirira nekuda kweiyo isina simba libretto yaive yekupedzisira nhanho basa reSmetana - "Dhiyabhorosi Wall" (1882).

Saka, mumakore masere, munyori wematsi akasika maopera mana, symphonic cycle yenhetembo nhanhatu, uye mamwe mabasa akawanda - piyano, chamber, choral. Chido chakadini chaaifanira kuva nacho kuti aite zvibereko zvakadaro! Simba rake, zvisinei, rakatanga kupera - dzimwe nguva aive nezviratidzo zvinotyisa; Pamwe pacho aiita seari kurasika njere. Kuda kuita zvinhu kwakakunda zvose. Kufungidzira kwakanga kusingapedzi, uye nzeve yomukati inoshamisa yakabetsera kusarudza nzira dzinodikanwa dzokutaura. Uye chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa: pasinei nechirwere chekutya chinopfuurira, Smetana akaenderera mberi nekugadzira mimhanzi nenzira yehuduku, itsva, yechokwadi, ine tariro. Arasikirwa nekunzwa kwake, akarasikirwa nemukana wekutaurirana zvakananga nevanhu, asi haana kuzvivharira kubva kwavari, haana kubva maari, achichengeta kugamuchirwa kunofadza kwehupenyu hwagara maari, kutenda mahuri. Mhedzisiro yetariro isingaperi yakadaro iri mukuziva kwepedyo kusingaparadzanisiki kune zvinofarirwa nezvinozoitika zvevanhu veko.

Izvi zvakakurudzira Smetana kugadzira yakanakisa Czech Dances piyano kutenderera (1877-1879). Muimbi wacho akakumbira kubva kumutsikisi kuti mutambo wega wega - uye kune gumi nemana pamwe chete - upiwe musoro unoti: polka, furiant, skochna, "Ulan", "Oats", "Bere", etc. Chero Czech kubva paudiki anoziva mazita aya, akadaro Sour cream; akaburitsa denderedzwa rake kuti “aite kuti munhu wose azive kuti isu maCzech tine matambiro akaita sei.

Matauriro aya anowanzoita sei kune munyori aida vanhu vake nekuzvipira uye nguva dzose, muzvinyorwa zvake zvose, akanyora pamusoro pavo, achitaura manzwiro asiri ega, asi akazara, ari pedyo uye anonzwisisika kumunhu wose. Chete mumabasa mashoma Smetana akazvibvumira kutaura nezvemutambo wake wega. Akabva ashandisa chamber-instrumental genre. Ndiwo mapiyano matatu ake, ataurwa pamusoro apa, pamwe chete netambo mbiri dzenguva yekupedzisira yebasa rake (1876 na1883.)

Yokutanga yazvo inonyanya kukosha - mukiyi ye-e-moll, iyo ine subtitle: "Kubva muupenyu hwangu". Muzvikamu zvina zvekutenderera, zvikamu zvakakosha zveSmetana's biography zvinogadzirwazve. Kutanga (chikamu chikuru chechikamu chokutanga) chinonzwika, sokutsanangura kunoita munyori, “kudana kwezvinoguma zvaitika, kunoshevedza hondo”; mberi - "chishuvo chisingatauriki chezvisingazivikanwi"; pakupedzisira, "muridzo unouraya wematoni akakwirira, uyo muna 1874 wakazivisa kusanzwa kwangu ...". Chikamu chechipiri - "mumweya wepolka" - inotora ndangariro dzinofadza dzevechidiki, kutamba kwevarimi, mabhora ... Muchitatu - rudo, mufaro wega. Chikamu chechina ndicho chinonyanya kushamisa. Smetana anotsanangura zvirimo neiyi nzira: "Kuziva nezvesimba guru riri mumimhanzi yedu yenyika ... kubudirira munzira iyi ... mufaro wekugadzira, kuvhiringidzwa zvine hutsinye nenjodzi inosuruvarisa - kurasikirwa kwekunzwa ... kupenya kwetariro ... ndangariro dzekutanga kwe nzira yangu yekugadzira… kunzwa kunorwadza kwekushuva…” Nekuda kweizvozvo, kunyangwe mune iri rinonyanya kuzviisa pasi pebasa reSmetana, fungidziro dzemunhu dzakabatanidzwa nemafungiro pamusoro pekuguma kweRussia art. Pfungwa idzi hadzina kumusiya kusvika mazuva ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake. Uye aive akatemerwa kufamba nemazuva ese emufaro nemazuva ekusuwa kukuru.

Muna 1880, nyika yese yakapemberera zvine mutsindo kusvitsa makore makumi mashanu ekuita kwemimhanzi yaSmetana (tinokuyeuchidza kuti muna 1830, semwana ane makore matanhatu, airidza pachena semupiyano). Kekutanga muPrague, ake "Nziyo dzemanheru" dzakaitwa - rudo rushanu rwezwi nepiyano. Pakupera kwekonzati yemutambo, Smetana akaita polka yake uye Chopin's B huru nocturne papiyano. Kutevera Prague, gamba renyika rakaremekedzwa neguta reLitomysl, kwaakaberekerwa.

Gore rakatevera, 1881, vatsigiri veCzech vakashungurudzika zvikuru - chivako chakanga chichangobva kuvakwa chePrague National Theatre chakapisa, apo iyo yekutanga yeLibuše yakanga ichangobva kurira. Fundraising yakarongwa kuti igadziriswe. Smetana anokokwa kuti aite nziyo dzake, anoitawo mumapurovhinzi semuimbi wepiyano. Aneta, achirwara, anozvibayira nekuda kwechikonzero chakafanana: mari kubva kumakonti aya yakabatsira kupedzisa kuvakwa kweNational Theatre, iyo yakavhurazve mwaka wayo wekutanga neLibuse opera munaNovember 1883.

Asi mazuva aSmetana atoverengwa. Hutano hwake hwakadzikira zvakanyanya, pfungwa dzake dzikati piriviri. Musi waApril 23, 1884, akafira muchipatara kune vanorwara nepfungwa. Liszt akanyorera shamwari kuti: “Ndinokatyamadzwa nerufu rwaSmetana. Aiva shasha!

M. Druskin

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Zvinyorwa:

Operas (zvese 8) The Brandenburgers muBohemia, libretto naSabina (1863, yakatanga muna 1866) The Bartered Bride, yakasununguka naSabina (1866) Dalibor, libretto naWenzig (1867-1868) Libuse, libretto naWenzig (1872, yakatanga muna 1881) ”, libretto naZüngl (1874) The Kiss, libretto naKrasnogorskaya (1876) “Chakavanzika”, libretto naKrasnogorskaya (1878) “Devil's Wall”, libretto naKrasnogorskaya (1882) Viola, libretto naKrasnolf'skespeaker, comedy Twewe. Husiku (Chiito chete chandakapedza, 1884)

Symphonic inoshanda "Jubilant Overture" D-dur (1848) "Solemn Symphony" E-dur (1853) "Richard III", nhetembo ye symphonic (1858) "Camp Wallenstein", nhetembo ye symphonic (1859) "Jarl Gakon", symphonic poem (1861) "Solemn Kurume" kune Mhemberero dzaShakespeare (1864) "Solemn Overture" C-dur (1868) "My Motherland", kutenderera kwe6 nhetembo dzesymphonic: "Vysehrad" (1874), "Vltava" (1874), "Sharka" ( 1875), "Kubva kuCzech minda nemasango" (1875), "Tabor" (1878), "Blanik" (1879) "Venkovanka", polka yeorchestra (1879) "Prague Carnival", sumo uye polonaise (1883)

Piano inoshanda Bagatelles and Impromptu (1844) 8 preludes (1845) Polka and Allegro (1846) Rhapsody muG minor (1847) Czech Melodies (1847) 6 Character Pieces (1848) Kurume yeLegion yeVadzidzi (1848) Guard of the People's March (1848) ) "Tsamba dzeMemories" (1851) 3 salon polkas (1855) 3 poetic polkas (1855) "Sketches" (1858) "Scene kubva kuShakespeare's Macbeth" (1859) "Memories yeCzech Republic muchimiro chepolka" ( 1859) "Pamhenderekedzo yegungwa", kudzidza (1862) "Zviroto" (1875) Czech inotamba mumabhuku maviri (2, 1877)

Chamber instrumental works Trio yepiyano, violin uye cello g-moll (1855) Yekutanga tambo quartet "Kubva muhupenyu hwangu" e-moll (1876) "Native land" yeviolin nepiyano (1878) Second String Quartet (1883)

Mumhanzi wenzwi "Czech Song" yekwaya yakasanganiswa uye orchestra (1860) "Renegade" yezvikamu zviviri zvekwaya (1860) "Vatasvi Vatatu vemabhiza" vekwaya yechirume (1866) "Rolnicka" yekwaya yechirume (1868) "Solemn Song" yekwaya yechirume (1870) 1877) “Rwiyo Rwepagungwa” rwekwaya yechirume (3) Makwaya matatu evakadzi (1878) “Nziyo dzemanheru” dzenzwi nepiyano (1879) “Dowry” yekwaya yechirume (1880) “Munamato” wekwaya yechirume (1880) “ MaSlogan maviri" ekwaya yechirume (1882) "Rwiyo Rwedu" rwekwaya yechirume (1883)