Karl Böhm |

Karl Boehm

Kweanoda kusvika hafu yezana, iro rakawanda uye rine zvibereko basa rehunyanzvi raKarl Böhm ragara, richiunza muimbi mukurumbira semumwe weakanakisa conductor muEurope. Erudition yakakura, hunyanzvi hwekusika, hunyanzvi hwakasiyana-siyana Boehm nekufamba kwemakore anomuwanira vanoyemura vakawanda pese panofanirwa kuita muimbi, kwavanotengesera marekodhi akarekodhwa neveimba yepamusoro pasi rose vachitungamirirwa naye.

"Conductor Karl Böhm, uyo Richard Strauss akapa nhaka yake yehunyanzvi mushure mekupera kwehondo, munhu chaiye panhandare yeopera uye konzati. Mumhanzi wake unofadza, wakasununguka, unowedzerwa nehungwaru hunoshanda uye kugona kukuru kwekudzidzisa, unokwanisa kugona kududzira zvakabudirira. Mhepo itsva inotakura chero maitiro inopinda mukugadzira kwake mimhanzi. Maitiro aBoehm, akateedzerwa paStrauss naMook, ari nyore uye ane hupfumi. Ruzha rwokuridza uye ruzivo rwokuzviwanira, rwakakudziridzwa kwemakumi emakore, zvinomubvumira kugadzirira kuridza kwakadaro pakudzokorora kunonyatsoenderana nepfungwa yake yezviri mukati nokunzwika kwemabasa,” anonyora kudaro nyanzvi yemimhanzi yokuGermany H. Ludike.

Kutanga kwebasa raBoehm semutyairi kwakange kwakati kusajairika. Achiri mudzidzi wezvemitemo paYunivhesiti yeVienna, akaratidza kufarira mimhanzi kupfuura mutemo, kunyangwe akazodzivirira dissertation yake yezvechiremba. Bohm achifarira akagara kwemaawa pazvidzidzo zveThe Cavalier of the Roses, izvo zvakasiya chiratidzo chakajeka mundangariro yake, akatora zvidzidzo kubva kushamwari yaBrahms E. Mandishevsky uye kubva kuna K. Muk, uyo akamutungamirira munzira yomuperekedzi. Pashure pacho, Böhm aifanira kupedza makore akati kuti ari muchiuto. Uye chete muna 1917, pashure demobilization, akakwanisa kuwana nzvimbo somubatsiri kondakita, uyezve kondakita wechipiri muguta Theater Graz, kumusha kwake. Pano muna 1921 Bruno Walter akamuona ndokumutora somubatsiri wake kuMunich, uko kondakita wechidiki akapedza makore matanhatu akatevera. Kubatira pamwe natenzi anoshamisa kwakamutsiva nenzvimbo yokuchengeta, uye ruzivo rwakawanwa rwakamubvumira kuva mutungamiriri uye mutungamiriri wenziyo weimba yeopera muDarmstadt. Kubva 1931, Böhm yakagara ichitungamira imwe yeakanakisa theatre muGermany - iyo Hamburg Opera, uye muna 1934 yakatora nzvimbo yaF. Bush muDresden.

Nechekare panguva iyoyo, Boehm akawana mukurumbira semazvikokota uye muturikiri akanaka kwazvo wemitambo yaMozart naWagner, nziyo dzemimhanzi dzaBruckner uye, pamusoro pezvose, basa raR. Strauss, uyo akazova shamwari yake uye muparidzi ane shungu. Strauss's operas Mukadzi Akanyarara naDaphne akaitwa kekutanga pasi pekuraira kwake, uye yekupedzisira yakatsaurirwa nemunyori kuna K. Böhm. Iwo akanakisa maficha etarenda remuimbi - pfungwa isina kujeka yechimiro, kugona kudzikamisa uye nenzira kwayo kudzikamisa dhizaini, chiyero chepfungwa uye kufemerwa kwekuita - zvakanyanya kuratidzwa zvakajeka mukududzirwa kwemimhanzi yaStrauss.

Böhm akachengetedza masikirwo ekugadzira neboka reDresden mumakore epashure pehondo. Asi musimboti webasa rake kubvira 1942 waiva Vienna. Iye kaviri muna 1943-1945 uye 1954-1956 akatungamira Vienna State Opera, akatungamira mutambo wakatsaurirwa kuvhurwa kwechivako chayo chakadzorerwa. Nguva yakasara, Böhm aigara achiita makonti uye mitambo pano. Pamwe chete neizvi, zvaigona kuonekwa munenge munzvimbo dzose huru dzepasi; akaita muBerlin, Salzburg, Prague, Naples, New York, Buenos Aires (kwaakatungamirira Colon Theatre kwemakore akati wandei) nemamwe maguta.

Kunyangwe kwaive dudziro yemabasa aStrauss, pamwe nevekare veViennese naWagner, izvo zvekutanga zvakaunza mukurumbira waBoehm, hunyanzvi hwekugadzira biography hunosanganisira zvakawanda zvinopenya zvakabudirira kunze kwechikamu ichi. Kunyanya, akawanda operas nevanyori vemazuva ano, vakadai saR. Wagner-Regeni naG. Zoetermeister, vane chikwereti kwaari nokuda kwekugadzirwa kwekutanga. Böhm mumwe wevatambi vakanaka veOpera yaA. Berg Wozzeck.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969