Luigi Marchesi |

Luigi Marchesi

Marchesi ndomumwe wekupedzisira ane mukurumbira castrato vaimbi vekupedzisira kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX uye kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Stendhal mubhuku rake "Rome, Naples, Florence" akamutumidza "Bernini mumimhanzi". "Marchesi aive nezwi rakapfava timbre, virtuoso coloratura maitiro," anodaro SM Grishchenko. "Kuimba kwake kwakasiyaniswa nemhando yepamusoro, mumhanzi wakajeka."

Luigi Lodovico Marchesi (Marchesini) akaberekwa August 8, 1754 muMilan, mwanakomana wehwamanda. Akatanga adzidza kuridza nyanga yokuvhima. Gare gare, atamira kuModena, akadzidza kuimba nemudzidzisi Caironi uye muimbi O. Albuzzi. Muna 1765, Luigi akava anonzi alievo musico soprano (junior soprano castrato) paMilan Cathedral.

Muimbi wechidiki akaita dhipatimendi rake muna 1774 muguta guru reItaly muPergolesi's opera Maid-Mistress aine chikamu chechikadzi. Sezviri pachena, zvakabudirira zvikuru, kubvira gore rakatevera muFlorence akaita zvakare basa revakadzi muOpera yaBianchi Castor uye Pollux. Marchesi akaimbawo mabasa echikadzi mumaopera akaitwa naP. Anfossi, L. Alessandri, P.-A. Guglielmi. Makore mashoma pashure pokumwe kutamba, maiva muFlorence umo Kelly akanyora, kuti: “Ndakaimba Sembianza yaBianchi amabile del mio bel sole nokunaka kwakanyatsonaka; mune imwe chromatic ndima akasimudza octave yechromatic manotsi, uye chinyorwa chekupedzisira chaive chakasimba kwazvo uye chakasimba zvekuti chakanzi bhomba reMarchesi.

Kelly ane imwe ongororo yematambiro emuimbi wekuItaly mushure mekuona Olympiad yaMyslivecek kuNaples: “Kutaura kwake, manzwiro ake uye kuita kwake mune yakanaka aria 'se Cerca, se Dice' zvaisarumbidzwa."

Marchesi akawana mukurumbira mukuru nekuridza muMilan's La Scala theatre muna 1779, uko gore rakatevera kukunda kwake muMyslivechek's Armida akapihwa menduru yesirivheri yeAcademy.

Muna 1782, muTurin, Marchesi akawana budiriro huru muBianchi's Triumph of the World. Anova muimbi wedare raMambo weSardinia. Muimbi ane kodzero yemuhoro wepagore wakanaka - 1500 Piedmontese lire. Mukuwedzera, anobvumirwa kushanya kunze kwenyika kwemwedzi mipfumbamwe yegore. Muna 1784, muTurin imwe cheteyo, "musico" yakabatanidzwa mukutanga kwe "Artaxerxes" opera naCimarosa.

“Muna 1785, akatosvika kuSt. Petersburg,” anonyora kudaro E. Harriot mubhuku rake pamusoro pevaimbi ve<em>castrato, “asi, achityiswa nemamiriro okunze omunharaunda imomo, akakurumidza kuenda kuVienna, kwaakapedzera makore matatu akatevera; muna 1788 akaita zvinobudirira zvikuru muLondon. Muimbi uyu aive nemukurumbira nekukunda kwake pamwoyo yevakadzi uye akakonzera nyonganiso apo Maria Cosway, mudzimai weminiaturist, akasiya murume wake nevana kwaari ndokutanga kumutevera muEurope yese. Akadzokera kumba chete muna 1795.

Kusvika kwaMarchesi muLondon kwakakonzera manyawi. Manheru okutanga, kuridza kwake kwaisagona kutanga nemhaka yoruzha nenyongano zvakatonga muhoro. Mudiwa wenziyo wechiRungu akakurumbira Lord Mount Egdcombe anonyora, kuti: “Panguva iyi, Marchesi akanga ari jaya rakanaka zvikuru, rine chimiro chakaisvonaka uye kufamba kwakanaka. Kutamba kwake kwaiva kwemweya uye kwairatidza, kugona kutaura kwake kwakanga kusina muganhu zvachose, inzwi rake rairova pamwe chete nemhando yaro, kunyange zvazvo yaiva matsi zvishoma. Akatamba chikamu chake zvakanaka, asi akapa pfungwa yekuti aizviyemura zvakanyanya; kunze kweizvozvo, aive nani pazvikamu zvebravura pane cantabile. Mukudzokorora, zviitiko zvine simba uye zvechido, akange asina akaenzana, uye dai aive akazvipira zvishoma kune melismas, izvo zvisina kukodzera nguva dzose, uye kana aine kuravira kwakachena uye kwakapfava, kuita kwake kwaizove kwakajeka: chero zvazvingava, iye nguva dzose inorarama, inopenya uye yakajeka. . Nekuda kwekutanga kwake, akasarudza Sarti's opera inoyevedza Julius Sabin, umo maarias ese e protagonist (uye kune mazhinji acho, uye akasiyana kwazvo) anosiyaniswa neakanakisa kutaura. Ese aya maarias anondijairira, ndakaanzwa achiitwa naPacchierotti manheru mune imwe imba yega, uye zvino ndakapotsa kutaura kwake kunyoro, kunyanya mune yekupedzisira inonzwisa tsitsi. Kwandiri zvaiita sekuti maitiro aMarchesi anoshamisira aikanganisa kureruka kwavo. Ndichienzanisa vaimbi ava, handina kukwanisa kuyemura Marchesi sezvandaimuyemura kare, muMantua kana mune mamwe maopera muno muLondon. Akagamuchirwa nenzwi guru. "

Muguta guru reEngland, rudzi rwega rwemakwikwi ehushamwari evaimbi vaviri vane mukurumbira wecastrato, Marchesi naPacchierotti, akaitika pakonzati yepachivande mumba maIshe Buckingham.

Nechokunopera rwendo rwomuimbi wacho, rimwe pepanhau reChirungu rakanyora kuti: “Manheru apfuura, Vakuru Vavo neVanamambokadzi vakakudza imba yeopera nekuvapo kwavo. Marchesi ndiyo yaive nyaya yavo, uye gamba, rakurudzirwa nekuvapo kweDare, rakazvikunda. Munguva pfupi yapfuura akapora zvakanyanya kubva pakufarirwa kwake kwekushongedza zvakanyanyisa. Achiri kuratidza pachikuva zvishamiso zvekuzvipira kwake kune sainzi, asi kwete kukuvadza kwehunyanzvi, pasina kushongedzwa kusingakoshi. Zvisinei, kutsinhirana kwenzwi kunoreva zvakawanda kunzeve sokuwirirana kwechiratidziro paziso; pazvinenge zviripo, zvinogona kuunzwa pakukwana, asi kana zvisina, kuedza kwose kuchava pasina. Maiwe, kwatiri zvinoita sekunge Marchesi haana kuwirirana kwakadaro.

Kusvikira pakupera kwezana remakore Marchesi anoramba ari mumwe wevanonyanya kufarirwa vanyori muItaly. Uye vateereri vakanga vakagadzirira kukanganwira virtuosos dzavo zvikuru. Imhaka yokuti panguva iyoyo vaimbi vaigona kuisa mberi zvinenge zvipi nezvipi zvinotoda zvisina musoro. Marchesi "akabudirira" mundima iyi zvakare. Hezvino izvo E. Harriot anonyora: “Marchesi akaomerera kuti aifanira kuoneka pachikuva, achiburuka mugomo akatasva bhiza, nguva dzose akapfeka ngowani ine mavara mazhinjisa isingasviki yadhi imwe yakakwirira. Fanfares kana mabhosvo aifanira kuzivisa kuenda kwake, uye chikamu chaifanira kutanga neimwe yaaida arias - kazhinji "Mia speranza, io pur vorrei", iyo Sarti akanyora kunyanya kwaari - pasinei nebasa rakaitwa uye mamiriro akarongwa. Vaimbi vakawanda vaiva nemazita akadaro; vainzi "arie di baule" - "suitcase arias" - nokuti vaimbi vakatama navo kubva kuimba yemitambo kuenda kune yemitambo.

Vernon Lee anonyora kuti: "Chikamu chakanyanya kupusa chenzanga chaive mukutaura nekutamba nekunamata ... muimbi Marchesi, uyo Alfieri akadana kuti apfeke ngowani ndokuenda kuhondo nemaFrench, achimuti ndiye ega muItaly akashinga. kuramba "Corsican Gaul" - mukundi, zvirinani uye rwiyo."

Pane chirevo pano ku1796, apo Marchesi akaramba kutaura naNapoleon muMilan. Izvo, zvisinei, hazvina kutadzisa Marchesi gare gare, muna 1800, mushure meHondo yeMarengo, kuti ave pamberi peavo vakagamuchira mupambi.

Mukupera kwema80s, Marchesi akaita debut yake kuSan Benedetto Theatre muVenice muTarki's opera The Apotheosis of Hercules. Pano, muVenice, pane kukwikwidzana zvachose pakati paMarchesi nePutukezi prima donna Donna Luisa Todi, uyo akaimba paSan Samuele Theatre. Tsanangudzo yekukwikwidza uku inogona kuwanikwa mutsamba ye1790 kubva kuVenetian Zagurri kune shamwari yake Casanova: "Vanotaura zvishoma nezve theatre itsva (La Fenice. - Approx. Auth.), Nyaya huru yevagari vemapoka ose ihukama pakati paTodi naMarchesi; kutaura pamusoro peizvi hazvizoperi kusvikira pakuguma kwenyika, nokuti nyaya dzakadaro dzinongosimbisa mubatanidzwa weusimbe uye kusakosha.

Uye heino imwe tsamba kubva kwaari, yakanyorwa gore rakatevera: "Vakadhinda caricature mumutauro weChirungu, umo Todi inoratidzwa mukukunda, uye Marchesi inoratidzwa muguruva. Mitsetse ipi neipi yakanyorwa mukuzvidzivirira kwaMarchesi inokanganiswa kana kubviswa nechisarudzo che Bestemmia (dare rakakosha kurwisa manyepo. – Approx. Aut.). Chero zvisina maturo zvinokudza Todi zvinogamuchirwa, sezvo ari pasi pekuda kweDamone naKaz.

Zvakasvika pakuti makuhwa akatanga kupararira nezverufu rwemuimbi uyu. Izvi zvakaitwa kugumbura nekuvhundutsa Marchesi. Naizvozvo rimwe pepanhau rechiNgezi ra1791 rakanyora, kuti: “Nezuro, mashoko akagamuchirwa pamusoro porufu rwomutambi mukuru muMilan. Zvinonzi akabatwa negodo remukuru weItaly, ane mudzimai aifungidzirwa kuti ainyanya kufarira nightingale yakashata ... Zvinonzi chakakonzera njodzi yaive chepfu, yakaunzwa nehunyanzvi hweItaly uye hunyanzvi.

Pasinei nemazano evavengi, Marchesi akaita mamwe makore akati wandei muguta remigero. MunaGunyana 1794, Zagurri akanyora kuti: “Marchesi anofanirwa kuimba mwaka uno kuFenice, asi iyo yemitambo yakavakwa zvakanyanya zvekuti mwaka uno haugare kwenguva refu. Marchesi ichavabhadhara mazana matatu nemazana maviri sequins. "

Muna 1798, muimba iyi yemitambo, "Muziko" akaimba muOpera yeZingarelli ine zita risingazivikanwi "Caroline neMexico", uye akaita chikamu cheMexico chisingazivikanwi.

Muna 1801, Teatro Nuovo yakavhurwa muTrieste, apo Marchesi akaimba muna Mayr's Ginevra Scottish. Muimbi akapedza basa rake rekuvhiya mumwaka wa1805/06, uye kusvika panguva iyoyo akaenderera mberi nemitambo yakabudirira muMilan. Kuita kwaMarchesi kwekupedzisira kweruzhinji kwakaitika muna 1820 muNaples.

Marchesi's best male soprano roles anosanganisira Armida (Mysliveček's Armida), Ezio (Alessandri's Ezio), Giulio, Rinaldo (Sarti's Giulio Sabino, Armida naRinaldo), Achilles (Achilles on Skyros) hongu Capua).

Muimbi akafa musi waDecember 14, 1829 muInzago, pedyo neMilan.