Giovanni Mario |

Giovanni Mario

Mumwe wevaimbi vakanyanya kwazvo vezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, Mario aive nezwi rakajeka uye rinonzwika rizere neine velvety timbre, mimhanzi isinganakidze, uye yakanakisa nhanho hunyanzvi. Aive mutambi wemalyric opera actor.

Giovanni Mario (zita chairo Giovanni Matteo de Candia) akaberekwa muna Gumiguru 18, 1810 muCagliari, Sardinia. Kuve munhu anofarira nyika uye akazvipira zvakafanana kune art, akasiya mazita emhuri nenzvimbo mumakore ake echidiki, achiva nhengo yebato rerusununguko rwenyika. Pakupedzisira, Giovanni akamanikidzwa kutiza chizvarwa chake cheSardinia, achiteverwa nevarume.

MuParis, akatorwa naGiacomo Meyerbeer, uyo akamugadzirira kugamuchirwa kuParis Conservatoire. Kuno akadzidza kuimba naL. Popshar naM. Bordogna. Mushure mekupedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory, wechidiki kuverenga pasi pezita rekunyepedzera Mario akatanga kuita pachikuva.

Pamazano aMeyerbeer, muna 1838 akaita basa guru muOpera Robert Dhiyabhorosi pachikuva cheGrand Opera. Kubva 1839, Mario anga achiimba nekubudirira kukuru pachikuva cheItaly Theatre, achiva mutambi wekutanga wemabasa makuru mumitambo yaDonizetti: Charles ("Linda di Chamouni", 1842), Ernesto ("Don Pasquale", 1843) .

Mukutanga 40s, Mario akaita muEngland, kwaakaimba paCovent Garden Theatre. Pano, kuguma kwemuimbi Giulia Grisi naMario, avo vaidanana zvikuru, vakabatana. Vanyori murudo vakaramba vasina kuparadzaniswa kwete muhupenyu chete, asiwo pachikuva.

Achikurumidza kuva nemukurumbira, Mario akafamba muEurope yose, uye akapa chikamu chikuru chemari yake mikuru kune vatsigiri veItaly.

"Mario akanga ari mhizha yetsika dzakaoma," anonyora AA Gozenpud - murume anonyatsobatanidzwa nemafungiro anofambira mberi epanguva, uye pamusoro pezvose muchengeti wemoto, ane pfungwa dzakafanana neMazzini. Hakusi kungoti Mario akabatsira nerupo varwi verusununguko rweItari. Muenzi-mugari, akanyatsoratidza dingindira rerusununguko mubasa rake, kunyangwe mukana weizvi waive wakaganhurirwa zvese nerepertoire uye, pamusoro pezvose, nechimiro chezwi: lyric tenor inowanzoita semudiwa muopera. Magamba haisi nzvimbo yake. Heine, chapupu kune zvekutanga kuita kwaMario naGrisi, akacherechedza chete chinhu cherwiyo mukuita kwavo. Ongororo yake yakanyorwa muna 1842 uye yakaratidza rumwe rutivi rwebasa revaimbi.

Ehezve, mazwi acho akaramba ari padyo naGrisi naMario gare gare, asi haana kuvhara chikamu chese chehunyanzvi hwavo hwekuita. Roubini haana kuita mumaopera eMeyerbeer uye mudiki Verdi, kuravira kwake kwekunaka kwakatemwa neRossini-Bellini-Donizetti triad. Mario mumiriri weimwe nguva, kunyangwe akafurirwa naRubini.

Muturikiri akatanhamara wemabasa aEdgar (“Lucia di Lammermoor”), Count Almaviva (“The Barber of Seville”), Arthur (“Puritanes”), Nemorino (“Love Potion”), Ernesto (“Don Pasquale”) uye vamwe vazhinji, iye neunyanzvi hwakafanana hwaakaita Robert, Raoul naJohn mumitambo yeMeyerbeer, Duke muRigoletto, Manrico muIl trovatore, Alfred muLa Traviata.

Dargomyzhsky, akanzwa Mario mumakore ekutanga emitambo yake pachikuva, muna 1844 akataura zvinotevera: “… Mario, mutambi wepamusoro paakanakisa, ane inzwi rinonakidza, rinyoro, asi asina kusimba, akanaka zvekuti akandiyeuchidza. yakawanda Rubini, kwaari, zvisinei, , zvakajeka kutarisa kutevedzera. Haasati apedza muimbi, asi ndinotenda kuti anofanira kukwira zvakanyanya. "

Mugore rimwe chetero, munyori nomutsoropodzi wokuRussia AN Serov akanyora, kuti: “Vanhu vokuItaly vakanga vane fiasco dzakawanda dzakajeka munguva ino yechando sezvakaita Bolshoi Opera. Nenzira imwecheteyo, veruzhinji vakanyunyuta zvakanyanya pamusoro pevaimbi, nemusiyano chete uri wekuti vekuItaly vocal virtuosos dzimwe nguva havadi kuimba, nepo maFrench asingakwanise kuimba. Vaviri veItaly nightingales vanodiwa, Signor Mario naSignora Grisi, zvisinei, vaigara vari panzvimbo yavo muhoro yeVantadour uye vakatitakura nematrill avo kuenda kuchitubu chinotumbuka zvikuru, apo kutonhora, sinou nemhepo zvaipisa muParis, makonzati epiyano aipisa, nharo mumakamuri evatevedzeri nePoland. Hongu, vanofara, vachiroya shiri dzeusiku; mutambo weItaly opera isango rinogara richiimba kwandinopukunyuka apo kusuruvara kwechando kunondiita kuti ndipenge, apo chando chehupenyu chinova chisingatsungiririki kwandiri. Ikoko, mukona inofadza yebhokisi rakavharwa, iwe uchadziya zvakakwana zvakare; mazango emimhanzi anoshandura chokwadi chakaoma kuita nhetembo, kushuva kucharasika mumaarabesque ane maruva, uye mwoyo uchanyemwerera zvakare. Zvinofadza sei apo Mario anoimba, uye mumaziso aGrisi manzwi ehusiku murudo anoratidzwa semaungira anooneka. Mufaro wakadini apo Grisi anoimba, uye chitarisiko chinyoro chaMario uye kunyemwerera kwokufara kunozaruka zvine mutsindo muinzwi rake! Adorable couple! Mumwe mudetembi wePezhiya akadana nightingale rose pakati peshiri, uye rose a nightingale pakati pemaruva, pano angave akavhiringidzika zvachose uye akavhiringidzika mukuenzanisa, nokuti vose, iye naiye, Mario naGrisi, vanopenya kwete chete nekuimba, asiwo runako.

Muna 1849-1853, Mario nemudzimai wake Giulia Grisi vakaita pachikuva cheItaly Opera muSt. Iyo inonakidza timbre, kutendeseka uye kukwezva kwenzwi, maererano nevemazuva ano, yakabata vateereri. Aororwa nokuita kwaMario muchikamu cheArthur muThe Puritans, V. Botkin akanyora kuti: “Inzwi raMario nderokuti ruzha rwesero rwakapfava zvikuru runoita sewakaoma, hutsinye kana uchimuperekedza pakuimba kwake: imwe mhando yekudziya kwemagetsi inoyerera mairi, iyo pakarepo. inopinda mauri, inoyerera zvinofadza nemutsinga uye inounza manzwiro ese mumanzwiro akadzika; uku hakusi kusuruvara, kwete kufunganya kwepfungwa, kwete kufara kwechido, asi manzwiro chaiwoiwo.

Tarenda yaMario yakamubvumira kuti ataure mamwe manzwiro nehupamhi hwakafanana uye simba - kwete chete unyoro uye kupera, asiwo kutsamwa, kutsamwa, kuora mwoyo. Muchiitiko chekutuka muna Lucia, muiti, pamwe chete negamba, anochema, asina chokwadi uye anotambura. Serov akanyora nezvechiitiko chekupedzisira: "Ichi ichokwadi chinoshamisa chakasvitswa kumagumo." Nekutendeseka kwakanyanya, Mario anoitisawo chiitiko chemusangano waManrico naLeonora muIl trovatore, achifamba kubva pa "kusaziva, kufara kwevana, kukanganwa zvese zviri munyika", kuenda ku "kufungirana godo, kunyomba kunorwadza, kusvika kunzwi rekupererwa nezano rose." mudiwa akasiiwa ..." - "Heino nhetembo yechokwadi, mutambo wechokwadi," akanyora anoyemura Serov.

"Aive mutambi asingaenzaniswi wechikamu chaArnold muWilliam Tell," anodaro Gozenpud. - MuSt. Petersburg, Tamberlik aiwanzoimba, asi mumakonti, apo vatatu vanobva mu opera iyi, vakasiiwa mumitambo, vaiwanzonzwika, Mario akabatanidzwa mairi. "Mukuita kwake, kuchema kwakapenga kwaArnold uye "Alarmi" yake ine ruzha! yakazara, yakazunungusa uye yakakurudzira horo huru yose.” Nemutambo une simba, akaita chikamu chaRaoul muThe Huguenots uye John muMuporofita (Kukombwa kweLeiden), apo P. Viardot akanga ari shamwari yake.

Aine runako rusina kujairika, runako, plastique, kugona kupfeka sutu, Mario mune rimwe nerimwe rematanho aakatamba akazvarwa patsva kuita mufananidzo mutsva. Serov akanyora nezve kudada kweCastilian kwaMario-Ferdinand muThe Favourite, nezve shungu dzake dzakadzama mubasa remudiwa waLucia ane rombo rakanaka, nezve kukudzwa uye kushinga kwaRaul wake. Achidzivirira hukuru uye kuchena, Mario akashora utsinye, kutsoropodza uye kuzvipira. Zvaiita sokuti hapana chakanga chachinja muchitarisiko chegamba regamba, inzwi rake rainzwika serinokwezva, asi zvisinganzwisisike kumuteereri-muoni, nyanzvi yakaratidza hutsinye uye kusava nematuro kunobva pamwoyo kwomunhu wacho. Akadaro Duke wake muRigoletto.

Pano muimbi akasika mufananidzo wemunhu ane unzenza, mutsoropodzi, uyo kune chinangwa chimwe chete - kufara. Mutungamiriri wake anosimbisa kodzero yake yekumira pamusoro pemitemo yese. Mario - Iyo Duke inotyisa nekusagadzikana kusingagumi kwemweya.

A. Stakhovich akanyora kuti: “Vose vaimbi vane mukurumbira vandakanzwa mushure maMario mumutambo uyu, kubva kuTamberlik zvichisanganisira kuMazini ... mune iyi aria, kufara kwese uye kugutsikana kwemusoja mukutarisira kukunda kuri nyore. Aya haasiwo maimbiro akaimba Mario rwiyo urwu, rwakaridzwa kunyangwe nahurdy-gurdies. Mukuimba kwake, munhu aigona kunzwa kuzivikanwa kwamambo, akaparadzwa nerudo rwevose vanodada runako rwedare rake uye akaguta nekubudirira ... Rwiyo urwu rwakanzwika zvinoshamisa mumiromo yaMario kekupedzisira, apo, sengwe, achirwadzisa munhu wacho, jester akadzvova pamusoro pechitunha ... Ino nguva mu opera iri pamusoro pese kurira kwe monologue ya Triboulet mumutambo waHugo. Asi nguva iyi inotyisa, iyo inopa mukana wakawanda kune tarenda remuimbi ane chipo munzvimbo yeRigoletto, yakanga izere nekutyisa kune veruzhinji zvakare, nekuimba kwemashure kwemashure naMario. Akadzikama, akadururwa zvine mutsindo, inzwi rake rakarira, zvishoma nezvishoma richipera mambakwedza emangwanani - zuva rakanga richiuya, uye mazhinji, mazhinji akawanda mazuva akadai aizotevera, uye asingarangwi, asina hanya, asi nemitambo isina mhosva yakafanana, inobwinya. hupenyu hwe "gamba ramambo" hwaizoyerera. Zvechokwadi, Mario paakaimba rwiyo urwu, dambudziko ...

Achitsanangura maficha ekusika kwaMario semuimbi werudo, mutsoropodzi waOtechestvennye Zapiski akanyora kuti "ndewechikoro cheRubini naIvanov, hunhu hukuru huri ... hunyoro, kutendeseka, cantabile. Unyoro uhwu hune maari imwe yepakutanga uye inokwezva zvakanyanya kudhindwa kwenebula: mune timbre yezwi raMario mune yakawanda iyo yerudo inokunda mukunzwika kweWaldhorn - mhando yezwi haienzaniswi uye inofara kwazvo. Achigovera hunhu hwematenors echikoro ichi, ane izwi rakakwirira zvakanyanya (haana hanya nepamusoro si-bemol, uye falsetto inosvika fa). Mumwe Rubini aive neshanduko isingabatike kubva kukurira kwechipfuva kuenda kune fistula; pamatena ese akanzwika mushure make, Mario akaswedera pedyo kupfuura vamwe pakukwana uku: falsetto yake izere, yakapfava, yakapfava uye inokweretesa zviri nyore kumumvuri wepiyano ... … Manzwiro aMario uye ndima dzebravura dzinoyevedza, sevaimbi vese vakadzidziswa neruzhinji rweFrance… Kuimba kwese kunozadzwa neruvara runoshamisa, tomboti Mario dzimwe nguva anotorwa mwoyo nazvo… Kuimba kwake kuzere nekudziya kwechokwadi… Mutambo waMario wakanaka kwazvo. .

Serov, uyo aikoshesa zvikuru unyanzvi hwaMario, akacherechedza "tarenda remuiti wemimhanzi wesimba guru", "nyasha, runako, kusununguka", kuravira kwepamusoro uye stylistic flair. Serov akanyora kuti Mario mu "Huguenots" akazviratidza "muongorori anoshamisa, uyo iye zvino haana wakaenzana naye"; kunyanya yakasimbisa kutaura kwayo kunoshamisa. "Kuita kwakadai pachikuva cheopera chinhu chisina kumboitika."

Mario akateerera zvakanyanya kudivi rekuita, nhoroondo yechokwadi yechipfeko. Saka, achigadzira mufananidzo weDuke, Mario akaunza gamba re opera pedyo neunhu hwemutambo waVictor Hugo. Muchitarisiko, make-up, chipfeko, muiti wacho akadzokorora maitiro echokwadi Francis I. Maererano naSerov, yakanga iri mufananidzo wezvakaitika kare wakamutsidzirwa.

Zvisinei, kwete Mario chete akakoshesa kurongeka kwezvakaitika kare kwechipfeko. Chiitiko chinonakidza chakaitika panguva yekugadzirwa kweMeyerbeer's The Prophet muSt. Petersburg mu50s. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kumukira kwechimurenga kwakapararira muEurope yose. Maererano nechirongwa che opera, rufu rwemunyengeri akatsunga kuisa korona paari rwaifanira kuratidza kuti mugumo wakafanana wakamirira munhu wose anopinda simba repamutemo. Mambo weRussia Nicholas I pachake akatevera kugadzirirwa kwekuita nekunyatsocherechedza, achiteerera kunyange kune tsanangudzo yepfeko. Korona yaipfekwa naJohane yakakomberedzwa nemuchinjikwa. A. Rubinstein anoti, adzokera kumashure, tsar akatendeukira kumuiti (Mario) nechikumbiro chokubvisa korona. Ipapo Nikolai Pavlovich anoputsa muchinjikwa kubva korona uye anoidzorera kune muimbi akavhiringidzika. Muchinjikwa waisagona kufukidza musoro wemupanduki.

Muna 1855/68, muimbi akafamba muParis, London, Madrid, uye muna 1872/73 akashanyira USA.

Muna 1870, Mario akatamba kekupedzisira muSt.

Mario akafa musi waDecember 11, 1883 muRoma.