Beniamino Gigli |
Beniamino gigli
Puccini. "Kushuva". "E lucevan le stelle" (Beniamino Gigli)
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Tinokukoka iwe ku "booksherufu" yedu. Nhasi tichataura pamusoro peBeniamino Gigli (1890-1957) uye bhuku rake "Memoirs" (1957). Yakabudiswa muchiRussian muna 1964 neMuzyka inotsikisa imba uye kubvira kare yave isingawanikwi mubhaibheri. Parizvino, imba yekudhinda mimhanzi "Classics-XXI" iri kugadzirira kusunungura shanduro itsva (yakawedzerwa uye yakawedzerwa) yezvinyorwa izvi nemashoko aE. Tsodokov. Bhuku racho richava nemusoro mutsva, “Ndaisada kugara mumumvuri waCaruso.” Tinopa vaverengi chinyorwa chenhanganyaya kubhuku rino.
Kweanoda kusvika hafu yezana ramakore, Beniamino Gigli, mutambi anoshamisa, uyo akagadzira mwoyo yezviuru zvevanhu kumativi ese epasi, muhoro dzemakonzati, nhandare dzemitambo, uye vanogamuchira redhiyo, akafa. SaCaruso, unogona kutaura nezvake - muimbi ane mukurumbira. Chii chinorehwa nengano? Apa ndipo apo, pakungonzwika kwezita remuimbi, kunyange vanhu vari kure kwazvo neunyanzvi vanogutsurira misoro yavo mukunzwisisa uye kuratidza kuyemura (kunyange, zvichida, vasina kumbomuteerera). Asi pakanga paine vamwe vakanaka kwazvo panguva yaGigli - Martinelli, Pertile, Skipa, Lazaro, Til, Lauri-Volpi, Fleta ... Mumwe nomumwe wavo akanaka nenzira yake, uye mune mimwe mitambo akawana kubudirira, zvichida kunyange kupfuura Gigli. Asi mune runyorwa rwe "ngano", uko mazita akadai saChaliapin, Ruffo, Callas, Del Monaco (Caruso yatokurukurwa), hazvisi! Chii chakapa Gigli mukana wekupinda mune iyi "kirabhu yevakuru", iyi yekuimba Areopagus?
Mubvunzo hausi nyore sezvaunoratidzika. Ngatiedzei kuipindura. Chaizvoizvo, kune, sokunge zvakadaro, zvikamu zviviri kune chero nyaya yekubudirira, kubwinya. Imwe zvinhu zvemukati zvemunhu, kugona kwake, hunhu; imwe - mamiriro ekunze akabatsira pakuzadzikiswa kwechinangwa. Chinangwa chemuenzi chakafanana - kuwana kuzivikanwa. Uye musiki wega wega anozviisa (kana kusiri kuparadzanisa), kunyangwe nekusaziva, nekuti hunyanzvi inzengedzo yekuzviratidza, nepo kuzviratidza kunoda kubudirira, kunzwisisa kune chikamu chenzanga, kana chikamu chayo chakavhenekerwa.
Ngatitange nemamiriro ekunze. Vakafarira muimbi mukukwira kwake kuOlympus. Mumwe wavo, zvisinganzwisisike, akarara mune imwe "kushaikwa" kwechipo chezwi (maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda, uye pakati pavo ane mukurumbira tenor Lauri-Volpi, watichataura gare gare) - izwi remuimbi, nzira yekuburitsa inzwi. zvakanyanya kufanana neKaruzov. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvive nyore kuna Lauri-Volpi, mubhuku rake rinonyanya kuzivikanwa "Vocal Parallels", kunyange kunyoresa Gigli mumutsara we "epigons" weItaly mukuru. Ngatiregei kutonga zvakasimba mumwe-mukwikwidzi, kusarura kwake kunonzwisisika. Asi mushure mezvose, muimbi pachake akanzwa kubatana uku neakamutangira, ainyanya kuzvinzwa mushure mekurekodhwa kwekutanga muupenyu hwake: "Zvakanga zvisina kujairika kugara wakanyarara muchigaro chemaoko uye kuteerera inzwi rako pachako. Asi chimwe chinhu chakatonyanya kundibata - ndakabva ndaona kufanana kunoshamisa kweinzwi rangu nerandakanzwa nezuro wacho, pavakaridza rekodhi nerekodhi yaCaruso. Aya hunhu hweizwi remudiki tenor akakwezva uye akakurudzira kufarira maari, uye pakanga painewo mamiriro anosiririsa: mukutanga kwehupenyu, asati asvika makumi mashanu, Caruso anofa. Vese vanoda mazwi vakapererwa. Ndiani achatora nzvimbo yake - iyo yakasiiwa "niche" inofanira kugarwa nemumwe munhu! Gigli panguva ino ari kuwedzera, achangobva kubudirira kutanga basa rake mumutambo mumwechete "Metropolitan". Sezvineiwo, maziso akatendeukira kwaari. Zvinofanira kuwedzerwa pano kuti mafungiro evoruzhinji veAmerica, nechishuvo chayo che "sporty" chekuisa zvinhu zvose panzvimbo yazvo uye kuona zvakanakisisa, akaitawo basa rinokosha munyaya iyi (zvakanaka, chokwadi chokuti zvakanakisisa munyika zvirokwazvo pakati pevaimbi ve "yavo" theatre , inoenda pasina kutaura).
Chimwe chinhu chikuru chekunze mukubudirira kunoshamisa kwaive kukurumidza kuvandudzwa kwemafirimu ane ruzha neredhiyo. Gigli's inoshamisa bhaisikopo debut mu1935 firimu Forget Me Not (nerwiyo rwezita rimwe chete naErnesto de Curtis) yakaratidza kutanga kwemafirimu akatevedzana nekutora chikamu kwake, izvo pasina mubvunzo zvakaita basa rakakosha mukugadzira mukurumbira wenyika. Muimbi uyu aivewo pamberi pakutepfenyura kweredhiyo yemitambo (1931) - pamwe chimwe chemabasa akabudirira kwazvo eindasitiri yetsika yeAmerica, iyo yakabva yatamisa opera kubva muboka rezviratidziro zveutongi kuenda kune yegutsaruzhinji uye yakawanda.
Nezvese zviri pamusoro, ini handidi zvachose kurerutsa kunaka kwaGigli uye matarenda, ayo achakurukurwa izvozvi. Kururamisa chete kunoda kutaura chokwadi chisingarambiki chekuti kunyangwe tarenda ripi, kunyanya mundima yemitambo yemitambo ine ephemerality yechinguvana yekuve "pano uye ikozvino", hazvibviri kuve "ngano" pasina dzimwe nzira dzekupinda mukuziva kwevanhu vakawanda.
Ngatitorei mutero, pakupedzisira, kuna Gigli pachake, kune chipo chake chinoshamisa chekuimba. Zvakaoma zvikuru kutaura chinhu chitsva panyaya iyi. Mazwi akawanda, mabasa mazhinji. Zvinoshamisa ndezvokuti zvichida chinhu chakanakisisa pamusoro pake chaiva Lauri-Volpi mumwe chete, uyo akanga akasimba zvikuru naye (nenzira, mubhuku rake pamusoro pevaimbi, iro rakatotaurwa pakutanga kwechinyorwa, Gigli akazvipira nzvimbo yakawanda. kupfuura Caruso). Mushure mezvose, nyanzvi yechokwadi (iyo Lauri-Volpi aive nayo kusvika pamwero mukuru) inogara ichikunda kusarura kupi zvako. Uye pano, mushure menhaurirano nezve falsetto uye "vocal sobs" yemuimbi, kureurura kwakakosha kunotevera: "Kuyevedza kunoshamisa kwemavara ezvinyorwa zverejitari yepakati, sainzi yemanzwi echisikigo, mimhanzi isinganzwisisike ...", "Muna Kurume" uye mu "La Gioconda ”… hapana kana mumwe chete wemuimbi akaipfuura mupfungwa yepurasitiki, runako uye kuenzana kwemutsara wekurira.
Gigli akakwanisa kuwana musanganiswa wehungwaru pakati pemumhanzi wakasimbiswa uye nehunyanzvi hwekuita zvisina chikanganiso chezvinyorwa zvemunyori uye chiyero chekuita rusununguko uye nyore izvo zvakakanganisa muteereri zvisingadzivisiki, zvichigadzira mhedzisiro ye "ikozvino uye pano" yechiito chiripo chekubatana- kusikwa pakati pemuimbi nemuimbi. Achienda "akananga kumuteereri", haana kumbobvira ayambuka mutsara une njodzi unoparadzanisa hunyanzvi hwechokwadi, "kureruka kwepamusoro" kubva kune hunyengeri uye vekare. Zvichida chimwe chinhu chenarcissism chaivepo mukuimba kwake, asi mukati memiganhu inonzwisisika, ichi hachisi chivi chakadaro. Kuda kwemuimbi kune izvo uye maitiro aanoita kunopfuudzwa kune veruzhinji uye kunobatsira pakusikwa kwemhepo ye catharsis.
Mamiriro emimhanzi ekuimba kwaGigli anotsanangurwa zvakare nevakawanda. Inoshamisa legato, ruzha rwekupuruzira mu mezza voce - zvese izvi zvinozivikanwa. Ini ndichawedzera humwe humwe hunhu: simba rinopinda renzwi, iro muimbi, sokunge zvakadaro, "anobatidza" kana zvichidikanwa kusimudzira zvinoshamisa kuita. Panguva imwecheteyo, haafaniri kutendeukira kumanikidziro, kudanidzira, izvi zvinoitwa neimwe nzira isinganzwisisike, pasina kuedza kunooneka, asi inogadzira manzwiro ekunetseka uye kurwisa inzwi.
Mazwi mashoma anofanirwa kuve akazvipira kune kushingaira kweGigli. Nhamba huru yemitambo (kunyangwe pazororo, apo muimbi akapa makonzati erudo) zvinoshamisa. Yakavawo chimwe chezvikamu zvekubudirira. Kune izvi tinofanira kuwedzera kuzvidzora mukunzwisisa mano omunhu, izvo zvisingawanzoitiki kune vaimbi. Pamapeji ebhuku unogona kuverenga nezvemaitiro emuimbi kune repertoire yake. Saka, semuenzaniso, muna 1937 chete mutambi akasarudza kuita saRadamès (Aida), muna 1939 saManrico (Il Trovatore). Kazhinji, kushanduka kwake kubva murwiyo rwenziyo kuenda kune rimwe rinonyanya kushamisa, kana mafungiro ake pakuita (kana kuti kusaita) repertoire yaRossini inogona kutorwa semienzaniso yekugona kuzviongorora. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti repertoire yake yaiva shoma. Vangani vanogona kuzvirumbidza nezvikamu makumi matanhatu zvakaitwa (Pavarotti, somuenzaniso, ine zvishoma kudarika makumi matatu)? Pakati pezvakanakisa: Faust (Mephistopheles naBoito), Enzo (La Gioconda naPonchielli), Lionel (Marta naFlotova), Andre Chenier muGiordano's opera yezita rimwechete, Des Grieux muPuccini's Manon Lescaut, Cavaradossi muTosca nevamwe vakawanda. zvimwe.
Zvingave zvakaipa kuti usabata pamusoro wenyaya - Gigli mutambi. Vazhinji vemazuva ano vanocherekedza kuti dhizaini yaive nzvimbo isina simba mutarenda remuimbi. Zvichida izvi ndizvo. Asi sezvineiwo, hunyanzvi hwekuimba, kunyangwe hunoshanda, hunonyanya kuridza mumhanzi. Uye izvo zvinocherechedzwa zvinogoneka uye zvisingadzivisike kune vemazuva ano nezvekuita kwaGigli, maitiro ake edanho ane chekuita nesu, vateereri veakarekodha, kusvika padiki.
Hapana chikonzero chekupa biography yemuimbi munyaya ino yekutanga. Gigli pachake anoita izvi mune zvimwe zvakadzama mumemoirs yake. Hazvina musoro kutaura pamusoro pezviverengero zvemashoko ake ekuzvimiririra maererano neunyanzvi hwezwi, sezvo nyaya yacho isinganzwisisiki, uye zvose zvinogona kupikiswa kune izvi zvichave zvakare.
Ndine chokwadi chokuti kuverenga idzi memoirs kuchaunza mufaro chaiwo kumuverengi. Iye achapfuudza hupenyu hwatenzi mukuru mukusiyana kwayo kwese: kubva paudiki hwepurovhinzi muRecanati kusvika kune yakanakisa premiere kuMetropolitan, kubva kumisangano nevaredzi vekuItaly vari nyore kusvika kumabiko ane misoro ine korona. Kufarira kusina mubvunzo kuchakonzerwa nezvikamu zvakanga zvisina kuiswa muzvinyorwa zvekare nokuda kwezvikonzero zvepfungwa - hupenyu hwemimhanzi hweItaly munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri uye ruzivo rwemisangano naHitler, Mussolini uye zvigaro zvepamusoro zveTatu Reich. Iri bhuku rinopedzwa nezvimedu kubva mundangariro dzemwanasikana wemuimbi, Rina Gigli, rakabudiswa kekutanga muchiRussia.
E. Tsodokov
Akadzidza kuAcademy yeSanta Cecilia muRome (1911-1914) pasi paAntonio Cotogni naEnrico Rosati. Akahwina Makwikwi eKuimba Kwenyika Dzese muParma (1914). Mugore rimwe chetero akaita debut yake muRovigo saEnzo (La Gioconda naPonchielli). Pakutanga kwebasa rake, akaita muGenoa, Bologna, Palermo, Naples, Rome ("Manon Lescaut", "Tosca", "Favorite"). Muna 1918, pakukoka kwaArturo Toscanini, akaita debut yake paLa Scala saFaust (Mephistopheles naBoito). Muna 1919 akaimba nekubudirira kukuru paColon Theatre chikamu cheGennaro muDonizetti's Lucrezia Borgia. Kubva 1920 kusvika 1932 akaita panguva Metropolitan Opera (akaita debut ake sezvo Faust muna Mephistopheles). Kubva 1930 akadzokorora kuita paCovent Garden. Akaita chikamu cheRadamès mumwaka wekutanga weBaths yeCaracalla mutambo (1937). Muna 1940 akaita muPolieuctus (La Scala) yaDonizetti.
Kubwinya kwaGigli kwakaunza kuita kwezvikamu zvenziyo. Pakati peakanakisa ndiNemorino muL'elisir d'amore, Cavaradossi muTosca, Andre Chenier muGiordano's opera yezita rimwe chete. Yakanga iri muhafu yechipiri ye1930 iyo Gigli akatanga kuita mune mamwe mabasa anoshamisa: Radamès (1937), Manrico (1939). Mubhuku rake rememoirs, Gigli akanyatsoratidza kuti kusarudzwa kwakasimba kwerepertoire, iyo yaienderana nekugona kwake kwezwi, yakatungamirira kune basa rakadaro refu uye rakabudirira, iro rakaguma chete muna 1955. Muimbi akaita mumafirimu ("Giuseppe Verdi" , 1938; "Pagliacci", 1943; "Iwe, mufaro wangu", "Izwi mumoyo mako" nevamwe). Munyori wezvinyorwa (1943). Zvakarekodhwa zvinosanganisira Radamès (yakaitwa naSerafin, EMI), Rudolf (yakaitwa naU. Berrettoni, Nimbus), Turridou (yakaitwa nemunyori, Nimbus).
E. Allenova
