Nhoroondo yegonyonhatu
Mazuva ano triangle yakagamuchira kuparadzirwa kukuru. Ndecheboka rezvinoridzwa zvezviridzwa zveokestra. Isimbi tsvimbo yakakombama muchimiro che isosceles triangle. Imwe kona mairi haina kuvharwa, kureva kuti, migumo yetsvimbo haibatanidzi zvachose. Ndiyo fomu yakasarudza zita rayo. Kunyange zvazvo masampuli ekutanga echiridzwa ichi akanga asina chimiro chetriangular, akanga ari trapezoidal uye akafanana nepakati pekare. Izvi zvinosimbiswa nemifananidzo yasara yevanyori veChirungu neItaly.
Pfungwa ye "triangle" yakatanga kusangana muna 1389, mune zvinyorwa zveguta reWürttemberg. Zvakaoma kutaura chaizvo kuti chiridzwa chakawana rinhi chitarisiko chatinoziva, asi zvine chokwadi chekuti pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. pakanga patova nemhando dzayo nhatu, uyezve shanu.
Zvinosuruvarisa, nhoroondo haina kukwanisa kuchengetedza ruzivo rwechokwadi nezvekwakabva katatu. Maererano nomumwe wavo, akazviratidza kuMabvazuva, muTurkey. Yakatanga kutaurwa muzana remakore rechi50. Muorchestra, iyo katatu yakatanga kushandiswa mumaXNUMX ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Izvi zvakakonzerwa nekufarira mumhanzi wekumabvazuva.
Munyika yedu, katatu yakaonekwa kutenderera 1775, nekuda kwekunaka kwayo, yekumabvazuva. Kekutanga yakarira muOpera yaGretry "Chakavanzika Mashiripiti". Zvinozivikanwa kuti mumauto emimhanzi orchestra yakamuka kare kare. Saka, muRussia, munguva dzisati dzashanduka, akanga akakurumbira mumauto aElizabeth Petrovna. MuRussia, katatu yainziwo snaffle, asi, nerufaro, iri zita risingazivikanwi harina kupinda mukati memutambo. Mumabasa eViennese classics (Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven) yakashandiswa kutevedzera mimhanzi yeTurkey. Vazhinji vanyori, vachiedza kuendesa mifananidzo yekumabvazuva, vakapfumisa ruzha rwemabasa avo nekunzwika kwechiridzwa ichi chinoshamisa.
Basa regonyo mu orchestra. Zvakaoma kufungidzira boka remazuva ano revatambi pasina kubatanidzwa kwetatu. Mazuva ano, hapana zvipingamupinyi pane repertoire yake kwaari. Zvechokwadi, sezvinoratidzwa nemaitiro, inoshandiswa mumimhanzi yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana nemhando. Iyo katatu inoratidzirwa nekushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwakadai se tremolo uye glissando, pamwe nekuita kweiyo nyore rhythmic figuration. Ichi chiridzwa chemumhanzi chinowanzoita kuti moyo uye kupfumisa orchestral sonority, ichichipa inoyemurika, hukuru uye inopenya hunhu.
Kurira kwechiridzwa. Gonyonhatu chombo chisina hurefu hwakatsanangurwa. Zvinyorwa kwaari, sekutonga, zvakanyorwa chero nguva isina makiyi, pane "tambo". Ane hunhu hunoshamisa hwetimbre. Inzwi rayo rinogona kurondedzerwa se: sonorous, chiedza, chakajeka, chakajeka, chinopenya uye chakajeka. Muiti muridzi wayo anofanira kunge aine hunyanzvi. Inogona kupesvedzera mwero wesimba uye kugadzira humwe hunhu nerubatsiro rwayo, kutora chikamu mumufananidzo weakapfava sonority uye kubatsira mukubudirira kweorchestral tutti.
Festive attribute. MuGreece, paManheru eGore Idzva uye Madekwana eKisimusi, katatu chiridzwa chakakurumbira zvikuru. Vana vanoungana mumapoka evanhu vanoverengeka, vanoenda paimba neimba vachikorokotedza, vachiimba nziyo (muRussia vanonzi "carols", muGreece - "kalanta"), vachizviperekedza pazviridzwa zvakasiyana-siyana, pakati peiyo katatu haisi yekupedzisira. nzvimbo. Kutenda kune kupenya kwemavara eruzha, ruzha rwayo runobatsira pakusikwa kwemafestive mood uye inoyevedza mamiriro.
